Common kupanga ndi akamaumba njira za mankhwala refractory

Common kupanga ndi akamaumba njira mankhwala refractory. Mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu zakunja ndi zitsanzo, njira yopangira dongo kukhala thupi loipa kapena mankhwala ndi kukula kwake, mawonekedwe ndi mphamvu zimatchedwa kuumba. Pali njira zambiri zopangira zida zokanira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa m’mitundu itatu molingana ndi chinyezi cha billet.

Njira yowuma: Madzi omwe ali mu billet ndi pafupifupi 5%

Njira ya pulasitiki: Madzi opanda kanthu ndi pafupifupi 15%.

Njira yobzala: chinyezi cha billet ndi pafupifupi 40%

Palinso kunjenjemera akamaumba, 500～1500℃ otentha kukanikiza ndi isostatic kukanikiza.