Chofunika kwambiri ndi chiyani kanyimbi?

Chigawo chachikulu cha corundum ndi aluminium oxide.

corundum, dzina lochokera ku India, ndi dzina la mineralogical. Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu ya homogeneity ya corundum Al2O3, yomwe ndi α-Al2O3, β-Al2O3, ndi γ-Al2O3. Kuuma kwa corundum ndi kwachiwiri kwa diamondi.

Corundum ndi mwala wamtengo wapatali wopangidwa kuchokera ku makhiristo a alumina (Al2O3). Corundum yosakanikirana ndi zitsulo chromium ndi yofiira kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imatchedwa ruby; pomwe corundum ya buluu kapena yopanda mtundu nthawi zambiri imatchedwa safiro.

Corundum ili pa nambala 9 pa tebulo lolimba la Mohs. Mphamvu yokoka yeniyeni ndi 4.00, ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe a hexagonal column lattice. Chifukwa cha kuuma kwake komanso mtengo wake wotsika kwambiri kuposa diamondi, corundum yakhala chida chabwino cha sandpaper ndi zida zopera.

Corundum ili ndi galasi lowala, kuuma 9. Gawoli ndi 3.95-4.10. Amapangidwa pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu, aluminiyamu wolemera ndi silicon C wosauka, ndipo makamaka amagwirizana ndi magmatism, metamorphism yokhudzana ndi dera lachigawo.

Corundum ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi anthu zopangidwa kuchokera ku bauxite monga zopangira zazikulu mung’anjo yamigodi. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati abrasive komanso refractory zakuthupi. Korundum yoyera yokhala ndi chiyero chapamwamba imatchedwa white corundum, ndipo corundum ya bulauni yokhala ndi zonyansa zochepa imatchedwa brown corundum.

Pali makamaka mitundu itatu ya homogeneity ya corundum Al2O3, yomwe ndi α-Al2O3, β-Al2O3, γ-Al2O3, ndi η-Al2O3 (equaxial crystal system) ndi ρ-Al2O3 (crystal system) malinga ndi X-ray diffraction analysis. Dongosolo silidziwika bwino), χ-Al2O3 (dongosolo la hexagonal), κ-Al2O3 (dongosolo la hexagonal), δ-Al2O3 (tetragonal system), θ-Al2O3 (monoclinic system). Corundum ali ndi mitundu yambiri, kuphatikizapo colorless, woyera, golide (pigment ion Ni, Cr), yellow (pigment ion Ni), wofiira (pigment ion Cr), buluu (pigment ion Ti, Fe), wobiriwira (pigment ion Co, Ni) , V), zofiirira (Ti, Fe, Cr), zofiirira, zakuda (pigment ion Fe, Fe), buluu-violet pansi pa nyali ya incandescent, zotsatira zofiira-wofiirira pansi pa nyali ya fulorosenti (pigment ion V).