Muffle makera dumama kashi cikakken bayani

A. Buƙatun kayan don ɗimbin ɗamarar zafi da ake yawan amfani da su a tanderu

1. Babban juriya na zafin jiki, kewayon ma’aunin zafi na murhun murfi yafi dogara ne da babban aikin zafin jiki na thermoelectrode, wato a cikin matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki, mafi tsayayyen kaddarorin jiki da na sunadarai na thermoelectrode, zazzabi ma’aunin ma’aunin thermocouple wanda ya ƙunshi shi Mai fadi.

2. Kyakkyawan maimaitawa-thermocouples ta amfani da kayan thermoelectrode guda biyu suna buƙatar aikin su na lantarki da na zafi don zama kwatankwacinsu da kwanciyar hankali. Babban zafin zafin dokin dawa zai iya yin thermocouples da aka samar da taro kuma yana da musanya mai kyau;

3. Babban hankali da daidaitaccen layi- Bambancin zafin zafin da ake samu ta ma’aunin wutar lantarki da ma’auratan wutar lantarki na babban zafin doki mai tafasa ya isa ya isa kuma yana da alaƙa madaidaiciya tare da zafin jiki;

4. Baya ga biyan buƙatun da aka ambata a sama, babban zafin zafin doki kuma yana fatan ƙarfin juriyarsa da ƙimar zafinsa ƙanƙanta ne, kuma farashin sa mai arha ne kuma wadatar ta isa.

B. The thermocouple for high zazzabi doki tafasa makera ya kamata a zaba da kyau bisa ga bukatun lokacin amfani da shi. A halin yanzu, tukunyar murhun dokin da ake yawan amfani da ita kamar haka:

1. Platinum rhodium/platinum high-temperature doki tafasa tanderun-lambar lambar sa shine S, tabbataccen electrode shine alloy na 90% platinum da 10% rhodium, kuma electrode mara kyau shine madaidaicin waya na platinum.

Amfanin wannan nau’in thermocouple shine cewa yana iya shirya farantin platinum-rhodium cikin sauƙi tare da tsabtar tsattsauran ra’ayi, don haka yana da sauƙin kwafi kuma yana da daidaiton ma’aunin zafin jiki. Ana iya amfani dashi azaman thermocouple mai tunani a cikin kewayon 630.74-1064.43 ℃ a cikin ma’aunin zafin jiki mai aiki. Tudun muffle yana da kwanciyar hankali na zahiri da na sinadarai kuma ya dace don amfani a cikin iskar shaka da tsaka tsaki; wurin narkar da shi yana da girman gaske, don haka iyakancin ma’aunin zafin jiki ma yana da girma. A cikin ma’aunin masana’antu, gabaɗaya ana amfani dashi don auna zafin jiki sama da 1000 ° C. Za a iya amfani da tanderun wutar dawakin doki mai ɗorewa na dogon lokaci a ƙarƙashin 1300 ° C, kuma ma’aunin zafin jiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci na iya kaiwa 1600 ° C.

Rashin raunin platinum rhodium/platinum thermocouples shine cewa suna da tsada kuma suna da ƙarancin ƙarfin thermoelectric. Zazzabin wutar doki mai ɗimbin zafi da sauri zai gurɓata kuma ya lalace idan aka yi amfani da shi wajen rage iskar gas, turɓaya na ƙarfe, baƙin ƙarfe, silicon oxides, da sulfur oxides. A cikin waɗannan yanayi, dole ne a ƙara rigar kariya. Bugu da ƙari, aikin thermoelectric na wannan tanderun tudun-dokin mai tsananin zafi ba shi da layi. A yanayin zafi mai zafi, thermoelectrode ɗinsa zai yi kyau, yana barin ƙwayoyin rhodium su shiga cikin platinum electrode don ƙazantar da shi. Sanya yiwuwar thermoelectric ya zama mara tsayayye.

2. Nickel-chromium/nickel-chromium mai tsananin zafin doki mai tafasa-lambar lambar sa shine K, ingantaccen kayan lantarki shine 9-10% chromium, 0.4% silicon, sauran shine nickel, ɓangaren electrode mara kyau shine 2.5-3% silicon, <0.6% chromium, sauran Don nickel.

Fa’idar wannan nau’in murhun murfin shine cewa yana da ƙarfin juriya na oxyidation da juriya na lalata, sauran kwanciyar hankali na kimiyya, babban ƙarfin thermoelectric, da kyakkyawar alaƙar layi tsakanin yuwuwar thermoelectric da zafin jiki. Its thermoelectrode abu ne cheap da high zazzabi. Za a iya amfani da tanderun tukunyar doki na dogon lokaci a ƙarƙashin 1000 ℃, kuma ma’aunin zafin jiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci na iya isa 1300 ℃.

Rashin hasara na nickel-chromium/nickel-silicon thermocouples shine cewa ana lalata su cikin sauƙi a yanayin zafi sama da 500 ° C kuma a cikin rage kafofin watsa labarai, murhun murfi da lokacin amfani da su a cikin sulfur da yanayin sunadarai. Don haka, dole ne a yi amfani da su yayin aiki a cikin waɗannan yanayi. Tare da hannun riga mai kariya, daidaitaccen ma’aunin zafin jiki shima yana ƙasa da na platinum rhodium/platinum thermocouple.

3. Nickel-chromium/jan ƙarfe mai tsananin zafin doki mai tafasa-lambar kammala karatun shine E, ingantaccen electrode nickel-chromium abun da ke ciki shine 9-10% chromium, 0.4% silicon, sauran kuma nickel; gwajin baƙin ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe ya kasu kashi 56% jan ƙarfe da 44% nickel.

Babbar fa’idar nickel-chromium/thermocouple na jan ƙarfe shine babban yuwuwar ƙima da ƙarancin farashi. Rashin wannan nau’in murhun murfin shine cewa ba za a iya amfani da shi don auna babban zafin jiki ba. Babban iyakar ma’aunin zafin jiki shine 800 ℃. Idan aka yi amfani da shi na dogon lokaci, an iyakance shi zuwa ƙasa da 600 ℃. Bugu da ƙari, saboda allurar tagulla tana da sauƙin oxidized kuma ta lalace, dole ne a yi amfani da tanderun tafasar doki mai tsananin zafi. Shigar hannun riga mai kariya.

4. Platinum-rhodium 30/platinum-rhodium muffle furnace-ana kiranta thermocouple platinum-rhodium, kuma lambar kammala karatun shine B. Abubuwa masu kyau da mara kyau na wannan thermocouple duka platinum da rhodium alloys. Babban zafin zafin dokin doki yana bambanta ne kawai gwargwadon abun da ke cikin gami. Ingantaccen lantarki ya ƙunshi 30% rhodium kuma korau electrode ya ƙunshi 6% rhodium. Nau’in thermocouple na platinum-rhodium biyu yana da ƙarfin rigakafin kamuwa da cuta. Har yanzu yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali lokacin da aka auna zafin jiki a 1800 ℃. Daidaitaccen ma’aunin zafin jiki yana da girma, kuma ya dace da watsa labarai na oxidizing da tsaka tsaki. Tanderun muffle na iya ci gaba da auna babban zafin jiki na 1400-1600 ℃ na dogon lokaci, kuma ma’aunin ɗan gajeren lokaci na iya isa 1800 ℃.

Hankalin thermocouple biyu na platinum rhodium yayi ƙasa, don haka yakamata a haɗa shi da kayan aikin nuna ƙima yayin da ake amfani. Zazzabin murhun muffle a cikin zafin jiki na cikin gida yana da tasiri kaɗan akan ƙarfin thermoelectric, don haka ba a buƙatar ragin zafin jiki gabaɗaya yayin amfani.

5. Copper/Constantan Muffle Furnace-lambar kammala karatun shine T, ingantaccen electrode shine jan ƙarfe, kuma korau electrode shine 60% jan ƙarfe/40% nickel.

Muffle makera dumama kashi cikakken bayani

A. Buƙatun kayan don ɗimbin ɗamarar zafi da ake yawan amfani da su a tanderu

1. Babban juriya na zafin jiki, kewayon ma’aunin zafi na murhun murfi yafi dogara ne da babban aikin zafin jiki na thermoelectrode, wato a cikin matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki, mafi tsayayyen kaddarorin jiki da na sunadarai na thermoelectrode, zazzabi ma’aunin ma’aunin thermocouple wanda ya ƙunshi shi Mai fadi.

2. Kyakkyawan maimaitawa-thermocouples ta amfani da kayan thermoelectrode guda biyu suna buƙatar aikin su na lantarki da na zafi don zama kwatankwacinsu da kwanciyar hankali. Babban zafin zafin dokin dawa zai iya yin thermocouples da aka samar da taro kuma yana da musanya mai kyau;

3. Babban hankali da daidaitaccen layi- Bambancin zafin zafin da ake samu ta ma’aunin wutar lantarki da ma’auratan wutar lantarki na babban zafin doki mai tafasa ya isa ya isa kuma yana da alaƙa madaidaiciya tare da zafin jiki;

4. Baya ga biyan buƙatun da aka ambata a sama, babban zafin zafin doki kuma yana fatan ƙarfin juriyarsa da ƙimar zafinsa ƙanƙanta ne, kuma farashin sa mai arha ne kuma wadatar ta isa.

B. The thermocouple for high zazzabi doki tafasa makera ya kamata a zaba da kyau bisa ga bukatun lokacin amfani da shi. A halin yanzu, tukunyar murhun dokin da ake yawan amfani da ita kamar haka:

1. Platinum rhodium/platinum high-temperature doki tafasa tanderun-lambar lambar sa shine S, tabbataccen electrode shine alloy na 90% platinum da 10% rhodium, kuma electrode mara kyau shine madaidaicin waya na platinum.

Amfanin wannan nau’in thermocouple shine cewa yana iya shirya farantin platinum-rhodium cikin sauƙi tare da tsabtar tsattsauran ra’ayi, don haka yana da sauƙin kwafi kuma yana da daidaiton ma’aunin zafin jiki. Ana iya amfani dashi azaman thermocouple mai tunani a cikin kewayon 630.74-1064.43 ℃ a cikin ma’aunin zafin jiki mai aiki. Tudun muffle yana da kwanciyar hankali na zahiri da na sinadarai kuma ya dace don amfani a cikin iskar shaka da tsaka tsaki; wurin narkar da shi yana da girman gaske, don haka iyakancin ma’aunin zafin jiki ma yana da girma. A cikin ma’aunin masana’antu, gabaɗaya ana amfani dashi don auna zafin jiki sama da 1000 ° C. Za a iya amfani da tanderun wutar dawakin doki mai ɗorewa na dogon lokaci a ƙarƙashin 1300 ° C, kuma ma’aunin zafin jiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci na iya kaiwa 1600 ° C.

Rashin raunin platinum rhodium/platinum thermocouples shine cewa suna da tsada kuma suna da ƙarancin ƙarfin thermoelectric. Zazzabin wutar doki mai ɗimbin zafi da sauri zai gurɓata kuma ya lalace idan aka yi amfani da shi wajen rage iskar gas, turɓaya na ƙarfe, baƙin ƙarfe, silicon oxides, da sulfur oxides. A cikin waɗannan yanayi, dole ne a ƙara rigar kariya. Bugu da ƙari, aikin thermoelectric na wannan tanderun tudun-dokin mai tsananin zafi ba shi da layi. A yanayin zafi mai zafi, thermoelectrode ɗinsa zai yi kyau, yana barin ƙwayoyin rhodium su shiga cikin platinum electrode don ƙazantar da shi. Sanya yiwuwar thermoelectric ya zama mara tsayayye.

2. Nickel-chromium/nickel-chromium mai tsananin zafin doki mai tafasa-lambar lambar sa shine K, ingantaccen kayan lantarki shine 9-10% chromium, 0.4% silicon, sauran shine nickel, ɓangaren electrode mara kyau shine 2.5-3% silicon, <0.6% chromium, sauran Don nickel.

Fa’idar wannan nau’in murhun murfin shine cewa yana da ƙarfin juriya na oxyidation da juriya na lalata, sauran kwanciyar hankali na kimiyya, babban ƙarfin thermoelectric, da kyakkyawar alaƙar layi tsakanin yuwuwar thermoelectric da zafin jiki. Its thermoelectrode abu ne cheap da high zazzabi. Za a iya amfani da tanderun tukunyar doki na dogon lokaci a ƙarƙashin 1000 ℃, kuma ma’aunin zafin jiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci na iya isa 1300 ℃.

Rashin hasara na nickel-chromium/nickel-silicon thermocouples shine cewa ana lalata su cikin sauƙi a yanayin zafi sama da 500 ° C kuma a cikin rage kafofin watsa labarai, murhun murfi da lokacin amfani da su a cikin sulfur da yanayin sunadarai. Don haka, dole ne a yi amfani da su yayin aiki a cikin waɗannan yanayi. Tare da hannun riga mai kariya, daidaitaccen ma’aunin zafin jiki shima yana ƙasa da na platinum rhodium/platinum thermocouple.

3. Nickel-chromium/jan ƙarfe mai tsananin zafin doki mai tafasa-lambar kammala karatun shine E, ingantaccen electrode nickel-chromium abun da ke ciki shine 9-10% chromium, 0.4% silicon, sauran kuma nickel; gwajin baƙin ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe ya kasu kashi 56% jan ƙarfe da 44% nickel.

Babbar fa’idar nickel-chromium/thermocouple na jan ƙarfe shine babban yuwuwar ƙima da ƙarancin farashi. Rashin wannan nau’in murhun murfin shine cewa ba za a iya amfani da shi don auna babban zafin jiki ba. Babban iyakar ma’aunin zafin jiki shine 800 ℃. Idan aka yi amfani da shi na dogon lokaci, an iyakance shi zuwa ƙasa da 600 ℃. Bugu da ƙari, saboda allurar tagulla tana da sauƙin oxidized kuma ta lalace, dole ne a yi amfani da tanderun tafasar doki mai tsananin zafi. Shigar hannun riga mai kariya.

4. Platinum-rhodium 30/platinum-rhodium muffle furnace-ana kiranta thermocouple platinum-rhodium, kuma lambar kammala karatun shine B. Abubuwa masu kyau da mara kyau na wannan thermocouple duka platinum da rhodium alloys. Babban zafin zafin dokin doki yana bambanta ne kawai gwargwadon abun da ke cikin gami. Ingantaccen lantarki ya ƙunshi 30% rhodium kuma korau electrode ya ƙunshi 6% rhodium. Nau’in thermocouple na platinum-rhodium biyu yana da ƙarfin rigakafin kamuwa da cuta. Har yanzu yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali lokacin da aka auna zafin jiki a 1800 ℃. Daidaitaccen ma’aunin zafin jiki yana da girma, kuma ya dace da watsa labarai na oxidizing da tsaka tsaki. Tanderun muffle na iya ci gaba da auna babban zafin jiki na 1400-1600 ℃ na dogon lokaci, kuma ma’aunin ɗan gajeren lokaci na iya isa 1800 ℃.

Hankalin thermocouple biyu na platinum rhodium yayi ƙasa, don haka yakamata a haɗa shi da kayan aikin nuna ƙima yayin da ake amfani. Zazzabin murhun muffle a cikin zafin jiki na cikin gida yana da tasiri kaɗan akan ƙarfin thermoelectric, don haka ba a buƙatar ragin zafin jiki gabaɗaya yayin amfani.

5. Copper/Constantan Muffle Furnace-lambar kammala karatun shine T, ingantaccen electrode shine jan ƙarfe, kuma korau electrode shine 60% jan ƙarfe/40% nickel.