Izinto zokufudumeza i-muffle inkcazo eneenkcukacha

A. Izinto ezifunekayo kwizinto eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ii-thermocouples kwii-muffle furnace

1.Ukuchasana kobushushu obuphezulu, ubungakanani bomlinganiso wobushushu besithando somlilo ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kukusebenza okuphezulu kweqondo lobushushu le-thermoelectrode, oko kukuthi, kubushushu obuphakathi, kuzinzile iipropathi zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali ze-thermoelectrode, iqondo lobushushu Uluhlu lomlinganiso we-thermocouple eyenziwe ngawo ngokubanzi.

2. Ukuzala okuhle-iitermocouples zisebenzisa izixhobo ezifanayo ze-thermoelectrode zifuna ukuba ukusebenza kombane kunye nobushushu kuthelekiswe kwaye kuzinze. Ubushushu obushushu behashe elibilayo bunokwenza ii-thermocouples zivelise ubunzima kwaye zinokutshintshana okuhle;

3. Ubuntununtunu obuphezulu kunye nokuhamba kakuhle- Ukwahluka kobushushu obunokubakho kwi-thermoelectric enokubangelwa sisibini sombane esitshatileyo sokushisa ihashe lesithando somlilo sikhulu ngokwaneleyo kwaye sinolwalamano lomgama kunye neqondo lobushushu;

4. Ukongeza ekuhlangabezeni ezi mfuno zikhankanywe apha ngasentla, isithando somlilo esineqondo lobushushu eliphezulu siyathemba ukuba ukuxhathisa kwayo kunye neqondo lobushushu lokuqina lokumelana nazo zincinci kangangoko, kwaye ixabiso lazo lixabiso eliphantsi kwaye unikezelo lwanele.

B. I-thermocouple yeqondo lobushushu elibushushu besithando somlilo kufuneka ikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo ngokweemfuno xa uyisebenzisa. Okwangoku, iifanitshala ezibilisa ubushushu obuphezulu ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zezi zilandelayo:

1. IPlatinam rhodium / iplatinam ubushushu obuphezulu behashe elibilayo iziko-inombolo yesalathiso ngu-S, i-electrode eyi-alloy ye-90% yeplatinum kunye ne-10% ye-rhodium, kwaye i-electrode engeyiyo yicingo leplatinam elimsulwa.

Uncedo lolu hlobo lwe-thermocouple kukuba inokulungiselela ngokulula i-platinum-rhodium alloy ngobunyulu obuphezulu kakhulu, ke kulula ukuyiphindaphinda kwaye inokuchaneka komlinganiso wobushushu obuphezulu. Ingasetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kwi-thermocouple kuluhlu lwe-630.74-1064.43 ℃ kwisikali sobushushu esisebenzayo. Isithando somlilo sinomzimba ophezulu kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali kwaye kufanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwi-atmospheres ye-oxidizing kunye ne-neutral; Indawo yokunyibilika iphezulu, ke umda ophezulu wokulinganisa ubushushu uphezulu. Kwimilinganiselo yemizi-mveliso, isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubushushu obungaphezulu kwe-1000 ° C. Iziko elibilisa ubushushu obuphezulu lingasetyenziselwa ngokuqhubekayo ixesha elide phantsi kwe-1300 ° C, kwaye ubushushu bexesha elifutshane bufikelela kwi-1600 ° C.

Ukungancedi kweplatinam rhodium / iplatinam thermocouples kukuba zibiza kakhulu kwaye zinamandla ashushu ombane. Ubushushu obuphezulu behashe elibilisayo liza kungcoliseka ngokukhawuleza kwaye lonakaliswe xa lisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iigesi, umphunga wentsimbi, ii-oxides zensimbi, ii-silicon oxides kunye ne-sulfur oxides. Kule mimoya, kufuneka kudityaniswe umkhono okhuselayo. Ukongeza, ukusebenza kwe-thermoelectric yeli ziko liphezulu lobushushu be-boiler-boiler akuhambelani. Kumaqondo aphezulu obushushu, i-thermoelectrode yayo iya kugqitha, ivumela i-rhodium iimolekyuli ukuba zingene kwi-platinum electrode ukuyonakalisa. Yenza ukuba amandla ombane angazinzanga.

2. I-Nickel-chromium / i-nickel-chromium iqondo eliphezulu lobushushu behashe elibilayo iziko-inombolo yesalathiso sayo ngu-K, icandelo le-electrode elungileyo yi-9-10% ye-chromium, i-0.4% yesilicon, enye i-nickel, icandelo le-electrode elibi liyi-2.5-3% i-silicon, <0.6% ye-chromium, eseleyo ye-nickel.

Inzuzo yolu hlobo lwesithando somlilo kukuba inamandla okuxhathisa i-oxidation kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola, olunye uzinzo lwenzululwazi, amandla amakhulu e-thermoelectric, kunye nobudlelwane obuhle phakathi kombane kunye nobushushu. Isixhobo sayo se-thermoelectrode sitshiphu kwaye siphezulu. Iziko elibilisa ihashe linokusetyenziswa ngokuqhubekekayo ixesha elide phantsi kwe-1000 ℃, kwaye ubungakanani bexesha elifutshane lobushushu bunokufikelela kwi-1300 ℃.

Ukungancedi kwe-nickel-chromium / nickel-silicon thermocouples kukuba zonakaliswa ngokulula kumaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwe-500 ° C kunye nasekunciphiseni imithombo yeendaba, iinyibilikisi zomlilo kwaye xa zisetyenziswa kwisulfure nakwimichiza yomoya. Ke ngoko, kufuneka zisetyenziswe xa usebenza kwezi moya. Ngomkhono okhuselayo, ukuchaneka komlinganiso wobushushu nawo usezantsi kuneplatinam rhodium / iplatinam thermocouple.

3. I-Nickel-chromium / ubhedu obushushu obuphezulu behashe elibilayo iziko-inombolo yokuphumelela ngu-E, i-electrode nickel-chromium eyakhiweyo yi-9-10% ye-chromium, i-0.4% ye-silicon, kwaye enye i-nickel; uvavanyo lobhedu lwe-electrode olubi luhlukaniswe ngama-56% obhedu kunye ne-44% ye-nickel.

Olona ncedo lukhulu lwe-nickel-chromium / ithusi thermocouple ngamandla alo amakhulu e-thermoelectric kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Ukungancedi kolu hlobo lwesithando somlilo kukuba akunakusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubushushu obuphezulu. Umda ophezulu womlinganiselo wobushushu ngu-800 ℃. Xa isetyenziselwa ixesha elide, inikwe umda kuphela ngaphantsi kwe-600 ℃. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuba ingxubevange yobhedu i-oxidized ngokulula kwaye iwohloka, kufuneka kusetyenziswe isithando somlilo esibilayo. Faka umkhono okhuselayo.

4. IPlatinam-rhodium 30 / iplatinam-rhodium iziko lesithando somlilo — ekubhekiswa kulo njengeplatinam-rhodium ityhefu yomlilo ephindwe kabini, kwaye inani lokuthweswa izidanga ngu-B.Ii-electrode ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zale thermocouple zombini ziziiplatinamu neerhodium alloys. Ubushushu obuphezulu ihashe elibilayo iziko lahluka kuphela kumlinganiso womxholo wealloy. I-electrode elungileyo iqulethe i-30% ye-rhodium kwaye i-electrode engeyiyo ine-6% ye-rhodium. I-platinum-rhodium thermocouple ezimbini inamandla okulwa nongcoliseko. Isenozinzo olulungileyo xa ubushushu bulinganiswa nge-1800 ℃. Ukuchaneka komlinganiso weqondo lobushushu kuphezulu, kwaye kufanelekile kwimithombo yeendaba ye-oxidizing kunye nokungathathi hlangothi. Iziko elimdaka linokuqhubeka ngokulinganisa ubushushu obuphezulu be-1400-1600 ℃ ixesha elide, kwaye imilinganiselo yexesha elifutshane inokufikelela kwi-1800 ℃.

Ubuntununtunu beplatinam rhodium thermocouple ezimbini zisezantsi, ke kufanele ukuba zixhotyiswe ngesixhobo sokubonisa ubuntununtunu xa zisetyenziswa. Ubushushu besithando somlilo obushushu kwigumbi lobushushu bunefuthe elincinci kakhulu kubushushu be-thermoelectric, ngenxa yoko imbuyekezo yobushushu ayifuneki ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.

5. ICopper / Constantan Muffle Furnace-inombolo yokuthweswa isidanga ngu-T, i-electrode elungileyo ibhedu, kwaye i-electrode engalunganga yi-alloy ye-60% ye-copper / 40% ye-nickel.

Izinto zokufudumeza i-muffle inkcazo eneenkcukacha

A. Izinto ezifunekayo kwizinto eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ii-thermocouples kwii-muffle furnace

1.Ukuchasana kobushushu obuphezulu, ubungakanani bomlinganiso wobushushu besithando somlilo ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kukusebenza okuphezulu kweqondo lobushushu le-thermoelectrode, oko kukuthi, kubushushu obuphakathi, kuzinzile iipropathi zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali ze-thermoelectrode, iqondo lobushushu Uluhlu lomlinganiso we-thermocouple eyenziwe ngawo ngokubanzi.

2. Ukuzala okuhle-iitermocouples zisebenzisa izixhobo ezifanayo ze-thermoelectrode zifuna ukuba ukusebenza kombane kunye nobushushu kuthelekiswe kwaye kuzinze. Ubushushu obushushu behashe elibilayo bunokwenza ii-thermocouples zivelise ubunzima kwaye zinokutshintshana okuhle;

3. Ubuntununtunu obuphezulu kunye nokuhamba kakuhle- Ukwahluka kobushushu obunokubakho kwi-thermoelectric enokubangelwa sisibini sombane esitshatileyo sokushisa ihashe lesithando somlilo sikhulu ngokwaneleyo kwaye sinolwalamano lomgama kunye neqondo lobushushu;

4. Ukongeza ekuhlangabezeni ezi mfuno zikhankanywe apha ngasentla, isithando somlilo esineqondo lobushushu eliphezulu siyathemba ukuba ukuxhathisa kwayo kunye neqondo lobushushu lokuqina lokumelana nazo zincinci kangangoko, kwaye ixabiso lazo lixabiso eliphantsi kwaye unikezelo lwanele.

B. I-thermocouple yeqondo lobushushu elibushushu besithando somlilo kufuneka ikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo ngokweemfuno xa uyisebenzisa. Okwangoku, iifanitshala ezibilisa ubushushu obuphezulu ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zezi zilandelayo:

1. IPlatinam rhodium / iplatinam ubushushu obuphezulu behashe elibilayo iziko-inombolo yesalathiso ngu-S, i-electrode eyi-alloy ye-90% yeplatinum kunye ne-10% ye-rhodium, kwaye i-electrode engeyiyo yicingo leplatinam elimsulwa.

Uncedo lolu hlobo lwe-thermocouple kukuba inokulungiselela ngokulula i-platinum-rhodium alloy ngobunyulu obuphezulu kakhulu, ke kulula ukuyiphindaphinda kwaye inokuchaneka komlinganiso wobushushu obuphezulu. Ingasetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kwi-thermocouple kuluhlu lwe-630.74-1064.43 ℃ kwisikali sobushushu esisebenzayo. Isithando somlilo sinomzimba ophezulu kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali kwaye kufanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwi-atmospheres ye-oxidizing kunye ne-neutral; Indawo yokunyibilika iphezulu, ke umda ophezulu wokulinganisa ubushushu uphezulu. Kwimilinganiselo yemizi-mveliso, isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubushushu obungaphezulu kwe-1000 ° C. Iziko elibilisa ubushushu obuphezulu lingasetyenziselwa ngokuqhubekayo ixesha elide phantsi kwe-1300 ° C, kwaye ubushushu bexesha elifutshane bufikelela kwi-1600 ° C.

Ukungancedi kweplatinam rhodium / iplatinam thermocouples kukuba zibiza kakhulu kwaye zinamandla ashushu ombane. Ubushushu obuphezulu behashe elibilisayo liza kungcoliseka ngokukhawuleza kwaye lonakaliswe xa lisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iigesi, umphunga wentsimbi, ii-oxides zensimbi, ii-silicon oxides kunye ne-sulfur oxides. Kule mimoya, kufuneka kudityaniswe umkhono okhuselayo. Ukongeza, ukusebenza kwe-thermoelectric yeli ziko liphezulu lobushushu be-boiler-boiler akuhambelani. Kumaqondo aphezulu obushushu, i-thermoelectrode yayo iya kugqitha, ivumela i-rhodium iimolekyuli ukuba zingene kwi-platinum electrode ukuyonakalisa. Yenza ukuba amandla ombane angazinzanga.

2. I-Nickel-chromium / i-nickel-chromium iqondo eliphezulu lobushushu behashe elibilayo iziko-inombolo yesalathiso sayo ngu-K, icandelo le-electrode elungileyo yi-9-10% ye-chromium, i-0.4% yesilicon, enye i-nickel, icandelo le-electrode elibi liyi-2.5-3% i-silicon, <0.6% ye-chromium, eseleyo ye-nickel.

Inzuzo yolu hlobo lwesithando somlilo kukuba inamandla okuxhathisa i-oxidation kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola, olunye uzinzo lwenzululwazi, amandla amakhulu e-thermoelectric, kunye nobudlelwane obuhle phakathi kombane kunye nobushushu. Isixhobo sayo se-thermoelectrode sitshiphu kwaye siphezulu. Iziko elibilisa ihashe linokusetyenziswa ngokuqhubekekayo ixesha elide phantsi kwe-1000 ℃, kwaye ubungakanani bexesha elifutshane lobushushu bunokufikelela kwi-1300 ℃.

Ukungancedi kwe-nickel-chromium / nickel-silicon thermocouples kukuba zonakaliswa ngokulula kumaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwe-500 ° C kunye nasekunciphiseni imithombo yeendaba, iinyibilikisi zomlilo kwaye xa zisetyenziswa kwisulfure nakwimichiza yomoya. Ke ngoko, kufuneka zisetyenziswe xa usebenza kwezi moya. Ngomkhono okhuselayo, ukuchaneka komlinganiso wobushushu nawo usezantsi kuneplatinam rhodium / iplatinam thermocouple.

3. I-Nickel-chromium / ubhedu obushushu obuphezulu behashe elibilayo iziko-inombolo yokuphumelela ngu-E, i-electrode nickel-chromium eyakhiweyo yi-9-10% ye-chromium, i-0.4% ye-silicon, kwaye enye i-nickel; uvavanyo lobhedu lwe-electrode olubi luhlukaniswe ngama-56% obhedu kunye ne-44% ye-nickel.

Olona ncedo lukhulu lwe-nickel-chromium / ithusi thermocouple ngamandla alo amakhulu e-thermoelectric kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Ukungancedi kolu hlobo lwesithando somlilo kukuba akunakusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubushushu obuphezulu. Umda ophezulu womlinganiselo wobushushu ngu-800 ℃. Xa isetyenziselwa ixesha elide, inikwe umda kuphela ngaphantsi kwe-600 ℃. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuba ingxubevange yobhedu i-oxidized ngokulula kwaye iwohloka, kufuneka kusetyenziswe isithando somlilo esibilayo. Faka umkhono okhuselayo.

4. IPlatinam-rhodium 30 / iplatinam-rhodium iziko lesithando somlilo — ekubhekiswa kulo njengeplatinam-rhodium ityhefu yomlilo ephindwe kabini, kwaye inani lokuthweswa izidanga ngu-B.Ii-electrode ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zale thermocouple zombini ziziiplatinamu neerhodium alloys. Ubushushu obuphezulu ihashe elibilayo iziko lahluka kuphela kumlinganiso womxholo wealloy. I-electrode elungileyo iqulethe i-30% ye-rhodium kwaye i-electrode engeyiyo ine-6% ye-rhodium. I-platinum-rhodium thermocouple ezimbini inamandla okulwa nongcoliseko. Isenozinzo olulungileyo xa ubushushu bulinganiswa nge-1800 ℃. Ukuchaneka komlinganiso weqondo lobushushu kuphezulu, kwaye kufanelekile kwimithombo yeendaba ye-oxidizing kunye nokungathathi hlangothi. Iziko elimdaka linokuqhubeka ngokulinganisa ubushushu obuphezulu be-1400-1600 ℃ ixesha elide, kwaye imilinganiselo yexesha elifutshane inokufikelela kwi-1800 ℃.

Ubuntununtunu beplatinam rhodium thermocouple ezimbini zisezantsi, ke kufanele ukuba zixhotyiswe ngesixhobo sokubonisa ubuntununtunu xa zisetyenziswa. Ubushushu besithando somlilo obushushu kwigumbi lobushushu bunefuthe elincinci kakhulu kubushushu be-thermoelectric, ngenxa yoko imbuyekezo yobushushu ayifuneki ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.

5. ICopper / Constantan Muffle Furnace-inombolo yokuthweswa isidanga ngu-T, i-electrode elungileyo ibhedu, kwaye i-electrode engalunganga yi-alloy ye-60% ye-copper / 40% ye-nickel.