Muffle rauv cua sov caij kom ntxaws piav qhia

A. Cov khoom siv rau feem ntau siv cov thermocouples hauv cov qhov cub tawg

1. Kev tiv thaiv kub siab, ntsuas kub ntau ntawm cov cua sov muffle feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov thermoelectrode, uas yog hais, hauv qhov kub nruab nrab, qhov ruaj khov dua ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov thermoelectrode, qhov kub ntsuas ntau ntawm cov thermocouple muaj los ntawm nws Qhov dav dua.

2. Cov khoom tsim tawm tau zoo-thermocouples siv tib ob lub thermoelectrode cov ntaub ntawv xav tau lawv cov hluav taws xob thiab cov cua sov ua kom zoo sib xws thiab ruaj khov. Qhov kub kub ua kom sov lub cub tawg tuaj yeem ua cov thermocouples huab hwm coj tsim thiab muaj kev sib pauv tau zoo;

3. Kev nkag siab siab thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo – Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thermoelectric muaj peev xwm tsim los ntawm ob peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm lub ntsuas kub kub npau npau rauv yog qhov loj txaus thiab muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog qhov kub;

4. Ntxiv rau qhov ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau hais los saum toj no, lub tshuab kub kub ua kom sov lub cub tawg kuj tseem cia siab tias nws qhov kev tiv taus thiab qhov kub thiab txias coefficient ntawm kev tiv taus yog me me li sai tau, thiab nws tus nqi pheej yig thiab cov khoom txaus.

B. Lub thermocouple rau cua kub nees rhaub cua sov yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li qhov xav tau thaum siv nws. Tam sim no, feem ntau siv kub kub rhaub rhaub cub tawg yog raws li hauv qab no:

1. Platinum rhodium/platinum kub-kub nees ua kom sov-nws cov lej ntsuas yog S, cov hluav taws xob zoo yog cov hlau sib xyaw ntawm 90% platinum thiab 10% rhodium, thiab cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo yog cov hlau platinum ntshiab.

Qhov zoo ntawm hom thermocouple no yog tias nws tuaj yeem npaj tau yooj yim platinum-rhodium alloy nrog kev ua kom huv siab heev, yog li nws yooj yim dua thiab muaj qhov ntsuas kub siab qhov tseeb. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua tus ntsuas cua sov hauv qhov ntau ntawm 630.74-1064.43 ℃ hauv qhov ntsuas kub ntsuas. Cov cua sov muffle muaj lub cev ruaj khov thiab tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov thiab tsim nyog siv rau hauv qhov chaw oxidizing thiab nruab nrab; nws cov ntsiab lus melting yog qhov siab, yog li qhov txwv qis tshaj ntawm kev ntsuas kub kuj tseem siab. Hauv kev ntsuas ntsuas, feem ntau yog siv los ntsuas qhov kub siab tshaj 1000 ° C. Lub ntsuas cua kub kub npau npau tuaj yeem siv tsis tu ncua ntev li ntawm 1300 ° C, thiab ntsuas kub lub sijhawm luv tuaj yeem mus txog 1600 ° C.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm platinum rhodium/platinum thermocouples yog tias lawv kim heev thiab muaj lub peev xwm hluav taws xob tsawg. Cov cua kub uas kub kub ua kom kub sai sai yuav kis tau thiab ua rau tsis zoo thaum siv los txo cov pa roj, cov pa pa, cov hlau hlau, cov tshuaj silicon oxides, thiab cov tshuaj sulfur. Hauv cov huab cua no, yuav tsum muaj lub tes tsho tiv thaiv ntxiv. Ib qho ntxiv, qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias lub cub tawg rauv yog qhov tsis sib xws. Thaum kub siab, nws cov thermoelectrode yuav zoo tshaj, tso cai rau cov rhodium molecules nkag mus rau hauv cov platinum electrode kom ua kom tsis huv. Ua rau lub peev xwm thermoelectric tsis ruaj khov.

2. Npib tsib xee-chromium/npib tsib xee-chromium kub kub nees rhaub cua sov-nws tus lej ntsuas yog K, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo yog 9-10% chromium, 0.4% silicon, tus so yog npib tsib xee, qhov tsis zoo electrode tivthaiv yog 2.5-3% silicon, <0.6% chromium, tus so Rau npib tsib xee.

Qhov zoo ntawm hom cua sov muffle no yog tias nws muaj zog oxidation tsis kam thiab tiv taus xeb, lwm yam kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb, muaj peev xwm thermoelectric loj, thiab muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov thermoelectric muaj peev xwm thiab kub. Nws cov khoom siv thermoelectrode yog pheej yig thiab kub. Tus nees rhaub rhaub tuaj yeem siv tsis tu ncua ntev li 1000 ℃, thiab ntsuas ntsuas kub lub sijhawm luv tuaj yeem mus txog 1300 ℃.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm npib tsib xee-chromium/npib tsib xee-silicon thermocouples yog tias lawv tau yooj yim corroded ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 500 ° C thiab hauv kev txo cov xov xwm, lub qhov cub muffle thiab thaum siv hauv cov leej faj thiab tshuaj lom cua. Yog li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum raug siv thaum ua haujlwm hauv cov huab cua no. Nrog lub tes tsho tiv thaiv, ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm nws kuj tseem qis dua li ntawm platinum rhodium/platinum thermocouple.

3. Nickel-chromium/tooj liab kub nees kub ua kom sov-tus lej kawm tiav yog E, qhov zoo electrode nickel-chromium muaj pes tsawg leeg yog 9-10% chromium, 0.4% silicon, thiab tus so yog nickel; qhov tsis zoo electrode kuaj tooj liab tau muab faib ua 56% tooj liab thiab 44% npib tsib xee.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm nickel-chromium/tooj liab thermocouple yog nws lub peev xwm loj thermoelectric thiab tus nqi qis. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm hom cua sov muffle no yog qhov nws siv tsis tau los ntsuas qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov txwv siab tshaj ntawm qhov ntsuas kub yog 800 ℃. Thaum siv ntev, nws tsuas yog txwv rau qis dua 600 ℃. Ib qho ntxiv, vim tias tooj liab hlau tau yooj yim oxidized thiab tsis zoo, yuav tsum tau siv lub tshuab kub kub kub kom kub. Nruab ib lub tes tsho tiv thaiv.

4. Platinum-rhodium 30/platinum-rhodium muffle rauv-hu ua ob platinum-rhodium thermocouple, thiab tus lej kawm tiav yog B. Qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo ntawm cov thermocouple no yog ob qho tib si platinum thiab rhodium. Qhov kub kub nees rhaub cua sov tsuas yog sib txawv hauv qhov sib piv ntawm cov ntsiab lus hlau. Qhov hluav taws xob zoo muaj 30% rhodium thiab qhov tsis zoo electrode muaj 6% rhodium. Ob lub platinum-rhodium thermocouple muaj lub zog muaj zog tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob. Nws tseem muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo thaum ntsuas kub ntawm 1800 ℃. Nws qhov ntsuas ntsuas qhov ntsuas tau siab, thiab nws haum rau oxidizing thiab nruab nrab xov xwm. Cov cua sov muffle tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov kub siab ntawm 1400-1600 ℃ ntev, thiab ntsuas lub sijhawm luv tuaj yeem mus txog 1800 ℃.

Qhov rhiab heev ntawm ob platinum rhodium thermocouple yog qhov tsawg, yog li nws yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub ntsuas qhov ntsuas siab thaum siv. Qhov kub ntawm cov cua sov muffle ntawm chav sov muaj qhov cuam tshuam me me rau lub peev xwm thermoelectric, yog li qhov ntsuas kub feem ntau tsis xav tau thaum siv.

5. Copper/Constantan Muffle Rauv-tus lej kawm tiav yog T, qhov hluav taws xob zoo yog tooj liab, thiab cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo yog hlau alloy ntawm 60% tooj liab/40% npib tsib xee.

Muffle rauv cua sov caij kom ntxaws piav qhia

A. Cov khoom siv rau feem ntau siv cov thermocouples hauv cov qhov cub tawg

1. Kev tiv thaiv kub siab, ntsuas kub ntau ntawm cov cua sov muffle feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov thermoelectrode, uas yog hais, hauv qhov kub nruab nrab, qhov ruaj khov dua ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov thermoelectrode, qhov kub ntsuas ntau ntawm cov thermocouple muaj los ntawm nws Qhov dav dua.

2. Cov khoom tsim tawm tau zoo-thermocouples siv tib ob lub thermoelectrode cov ntaub ntawv xav tau lawv cov hluav taws xob thiab cov cua sov ua kom zoo sib xws thiab ruaj khov. Qhov kub kub ua kom sov lub cub tawg tuaj yeem ua cov thermocouples huab hwm coj tsim thiab muaj kev sib pauv tau zoo;

3. Kev nkag siab siab thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo – Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thermoelectric muaj peev xwm tsim los ntawm ob peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm lub ntsuas kub kub npau npau rauv yog qhov loj txaus thiab muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog qhov kub;

4. Ntxiv rau qhov ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau hais los saum toj no, lub tshuab kub kub ua kom sov lub cub tawg kuj tseem cia siab tias nws qhov kev tiv taus thiab qhov kub thiab txias coefficient ntawm kev tiv taus yog me me li sai tau, thiab nws tus nqi pheej yig thiab cov khoom txaus.

B. Lub thermocouple rau cua kub nees rhaub cua sov yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li qhov xav tau thaum siv nws. Tam sim no, feem ntau siv kub kub rhaub rhaub cub tawg yog raws li hauv qab no:

1. Platinum rhodium/platinum kub-kub nees ua kom sov-nws cov lej ntsuas yog S, cov hluav taws xob zoo yog cov hlau sib xyaw ntawm 90% platinum thiab 10% rhodium, thiab cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo yog cov hlau platinum ntshiab.

Qhov zoo ntawm hom thermocouple no yog tias nws tuaj yeem npaj tau yooj yim platinum-rhodium alloy nrog kev ua kom huv siab heev, yog li nws yooj yim dua thiab muaj qhov ntsuas kub siab qhov tseeb. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua tus ntsuas cua sov hauv qhov ntau ntawm 630.74-1064.43 ℃ hauv qhov ntsuas kub ntsuas. Cov cua sov muffle muaj lub cev ruaj khov thiab tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov thiab tsim nyog siv rau hauv qhov chaw oxidizing thiab nruab nrab; nws cov ntsiab lus melting yog qhov siab, yog li qhov txwv qis tshaj ntawm kev ntsuas kub kuj tseem siab. Hauv kev ntsuas ntsuas, feem ntau yog siv los ntsuas qhov kub siab tshaj 1000 ° C. Lub ntsuas cua kub kub npau npau tuaj yeem siv tsis tu ncua ntev li ntawm 1300 ° C, thiab ntsuas kub lub sijhawm luv tuaj yeem mus txog 1600 ° C.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm platinum rhodium/platinum thermocouples yog tias lawv kim heev thiab muaj lub peev xwm hluav taws xob tsawg. Cov cua kub uas kub kub ua kom kub sai sai yuav kis tau thiab ua rau tsis zoo thaum siv los txo cov pa roj, cov pa pa, cov hlau hlau, cov tshuaj silicon oxides, thiab cov tshuaj sulfur. Hauv cov huab cua no, yuav tsum muaj lub tes tsho tiv thaiv ntxiv. Ib qho ntxiv, qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias lub cub tawg rauv yog qhov tsis sib xws. Thaum kub siab, nws cov thermoelectrode yuav zoo tshaj, tso cai rau cov rhodium molecules nkag mus rau hauv cov platinum electrode kom ua kom tsis huv. Ua rau lub peev xwm thermoelectric tsis ruaj khov.

2. Npib tsib xee-chromium/npib tsib xee-chromium kub kub nees rhaub cua sov-nws tus lej ntsuas yog K, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo yog 9-10% chromium, 0.4% silicon, tus so yog npib tsib xee, qhov tsis zoo electrode tivthaiv yog 2.5-3% silicon, <0.6% chromium, tus so Rau npib tsib xee.

Qhov zoo ntawm hom cua sov muffle no yog tias nws muaj zog oxidation tsis kam thiab tiv taus xeb, lwm yam kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb, muaj peev xwm thermoelectric loj, thiab muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov thermoelectric muaj peev xwm thiab kub. Nws cov khoom siv thermoelectrode yog pheej yig thiab kub. Tus nees rhaub rhaub tuaj yeem siv tsis tu ncua ntev li 1000 ℃, thiab ntsuas ntsuas kub lub sijhawm luv tuaj yeem mus txog 1300 ℃.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm npib tsib xee-chromium/npib tsib xee-silicon thermocouples yog tias lawv tau yooj yim corroded ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 500 ° C thiab hauv kev txo cov xov xwm, lub qhov cub muffle thiab thaum siv hauv cov leej faj thiab tshuaj lom cua. Yog li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum raug siv thaum ua haujlwm hauv cov huab cua no. Nrog lub tes tsho tiv thaiv, ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm nws kuj tseem qis dua li ntawm platinum rhodium/platinum thermocouple.

3. Nickel-chromium/tooj liab kub nees kub ua kom sov-tus lej kawm tiav yog E, qhov zoo electrode nickel-chromium muaj pes tsawg leeg yog 9-10% chromium, 0.4% silicon, thiab tus so yog nickel; qhov tsis zoo electrode kuaj tooj liab tau muab faib ua 56% tooj liab thiab 44% npib tsib xee.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm nickel-chromium/tooj liab thermocouple yog nws lub peev xwm loj thermoelectric thiab tus nqi qis. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm hom cua sov muffle no yog qhov nws siv tsis tau los ntsuas qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov txwv siab tshaj ntawm qhov ntsuas kub yog 800 ℃. Thaum siv ntev, nws tsuas yog txwv rau qis dua 600 ℃. Ib qho ntxiv, vim tias tooj liab hlau tau yooj yim oxidized thiab tsis zoo, yuav tsum tau siv lub tshuab kub kub kub kom kub. Nruab ib lub tes tsho tiv thaiv.

4. Platinum-rhodium 30/platinum-rhodium muffle rauv-hu ua ob platinum-rhodium thermocouple, thiab tus lej kawm tiav yog B. Qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo ntawm cov thermocouple no yog ob qho tib si platinum thiab rhodium. Qhov kub kub nees rhaub cua sov tsuas yog sib txawv hauv qhov sib piv ntawm cov ntsiab lus hlau. Qhov hluav taws xob zoo muaj 30% rhodium thiab qhov tsis zoo electrode muaj 6% rhodium. Ob lub platinum-rhodium thermocouple muaj lub zog muaj zog tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob. Nws tseem muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo thaum ntsuas kub ntawm 1800 ℃. Nws qhov ntsuas ntsuas qhov ntsuas tau siab, thiab nws haum rau oxidizing thiab nruab nrab xov xwm. Cov cua sov muffle tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov kub siab ntawm 1400-1600 ℃ ntev, thiab ntsuas lub sijhawm luv tuaj yeem mus txog 1800 ℃.

Qhov rhiab heev ntawm ob platinum rhodium thermocouple yog qhov tsawg, yog li nws yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub ntsuas qhov ntsuas siab thaum siv. Qhov kub ntawm cov cua sov muffle ntawm chav sov muaj qhov cuam tshuam me me rau lub peev xwm thermoelectric, yog li qhov ntsuas kub feem ntau tsis xav tau thaum siv.

5. Copper/Constantan Muffle Rauv-tus lej kawm tiav yog T, qhov hluav taws xob zoo yog tooj liab, thiab cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo yog hlau alloy ntawm 60% tooj liab/40% npib tsib xee.