Incazelo yokushiswa kwesithando semuffle incazelo eningiliziwe

Izidingo zezinto ezibonakalayo zama-thermocouples asetshenziswa kakhulu ezithandweni zomlilo

1. Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ububanzi bezilinganiso zokushisa kwesithando somlilo ngokuyinhloko kuncike ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kokushisa kwe-thermoelectrode, okungukuthi, endaweni yokushisa ephezulu, lapho kuzinza khona ngokomzimba nangokwamakhemikhali kwe-thermoelectrode, izinga lokushisa ububanzi bokulinganisa be-thermocouple eyakhiwe yibo Ngokubanzi.

2. Ama-thermocouples amahle wokukhiqiza kabusha asebenzisa izinto ezimbili ezifanayo ze-thermoelectrode adinga ukuthi ukusebenza kwawo kukagesi nokushisa kufane futhi kuzinze. Isithando somlilo esishisayo sehhashi esishisayo singenza ama-thermocouples akhiqizwe ngobuningi futhi abe nokushintshana okuhle;

3. Ukuzwela okuphezulu kanye nobumbano oluhle – Ukwahluka kwamazinga okushisa amandla we-thermoelectric akhiqizwe izithandani ezisebenza ngogesi esithandweni esiphezulu sehhashi elibilayo isithando somlilo sikhulu ngokwanele futhi sinobudlelwano obumugqa nezinga lokushisa;

4. Ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo ezibalulwe ngenhla, isithando somlilo samahhashi asezingeni eliphakeme futhi sinethemba lokuthi ukumelana nokuqina kokushisa kwamazinga okushisa kuncane ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi intengo yayo ishibhile futhi okuphakelayo kwanele.

B. I-thermocouple yesithando somlilo esivuthayo sehhashi eliphakeme kufanele ikhethwe ngokufanele ngokuya ngezidingo lapho uyisebenzisa. Okwamanje, imishini yokubilisa yamahhashi abilayo esetshenziswa kakhulu yilena elandelayo:

1. IPlatinamu rhodium / iplatinamu elishisa kakhulu ihhashi elibilayo isithando somlilo-inombolo yenkomba yayo ingu-S, i-electrode enhle ingxubevange ka-90% weplathinamu kanye no-10% we-rhodium, kanti i-electrode engeyinhle yintambo yeplatinamu emsulwa.

Inzuzo yalolu hlobo lwe-thermocouple ukuthi ingalungisa kalula i-platinum-rhodium alloy ngobumsulwa obuphakeme ngokweqile, ngakho-ke kulula ukuyiphindaphinda futhi inokunemba kwesilinganiso sokushisa okuphezulu. Ingasetshenziswa njenge-thermocouple eyinkomba ebangeni le-630.74-1064.43 ℃ kusikali sokushisa esisebenzayo. Isithando somlilo sinokusimama okuphezulu komzimba namakhemikhali futhi kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa kuma-atmospheres we-oxidizing nongathathi hlangothi; iphuzu layo lokuncibilika liphakeme kakhulu, ngakho-ke umkhawulo ongaphezulu wesilinganiso sokushisa nawo uphezulu. Ngokwesilinganiso sezimboni, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukukala izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-1000 ° C. Isithando somlilo esivuthayo samahhashi asezingeni eliphakeme singasetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo isikhathi eside ngaphansi kuka-1300 ° C, futhi isilinganiso sokushisa sesikhashana esifushane singafinyelela ku-1600 ° C.

Ububi be-platinum rhodium / platinum thermocouples ukuthi ayabiza futhi anamandla aphansi we-thermoelectric. Amalahle abilayo amahhashi asezingeni eliphezulu azosheshe angcoliswe futhi onakale uma esetshenziswa ekwehliseni amagesi, umhwamuko wensimbi, ama-oxide wensimbi, ama-silicon oxides, nama-oxide wesibabule. Kulezi zindawo, kufanele kufakwe umkhono wokuzivikela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kwe-thermoelectric yalesi somlilo esishisa kakhulu se-horse-boiler kuncane kakhulu. Emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, i-thermoelectrode yayo izodlondlobala, ivumele ama-molecule e-rhodium ukuthi angene ku-electrode ye-platinum ukuze ayonakalise. Dala ukuthi amandla we-thermoelectric angazinzi.

2. I-Nickel-chromium / nickel-chromium izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lamahhashi abilayo isithando somlilo-inombolo yayo yenkomba ngu-K, ingxenye eyi-electrode eyi-9-10% chromium, 0.4% silicon, okusele yi-nickel, ingxenye engeyona ye-electrode engu-2.5-3% i-silicon, <0.6% chromium, okunye kwe-nickel.

Inzuzo yalolu hlobo lwesithando somlilo ukuthi inokumelana okuqinile kwe-oxidation nokumelana nokugqwala, okunye ukuzinza kwesayensi, amandla amakhulu we-thermoelectric, nobudlelwano obuhle bomugqa phakathi kwamandla we-thermoelectric kanye nokushisa. Izinto zayo ze-thermoelectrode zishibhile futhi zishisa kakhulu. Isithando somlilo esibilisayo singasetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo isikhathi eside ngaphansi kuka-1000 ℃, futhi isilinganiso sokushisa sesikhashana esifushane singafinyelela ku-1300 ℃.

Ububi be-nickel-chromium / nickel-silicon thermocouples ukuthi bonakaliswe kalula emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-500 ° C nasekunciphiseni imithombo yezindaba, amafutha emfucumfucu nalapho esetshenziswa kuma-atmospheres wesibabule namakhemikhali. Ngakho-ke, kufanele zisetshenziswe lapho kusebenza kulezi zindawo. Ngomkhono ovikelayo, ukunemba kwesilinganiso sokushisa nakho kuphansi kunalokho kwe-platinum rhodium / platinum thermocouple.

3. I-Nickel-chromium / ithusi lokushisa okuphezulu kwehhashi elibilayo isithando somlilo-inombolo yokuthweswa iziqu ngu-E, ukwakheka okuhle kwe-electrode nickel-chromium ngu-9-10% chromium, 0.4% silicon, kanti okunye yi-nickel; ithusi lokuhlola i-electrode elibi lihlukaniswe laba ithusi elingu-56% ne-nickel engama-44%.

Inzuzo enkulu ye-nickel-chromium / ithusi thermocouple amandla ayo amakhulu we-thermoelectric nentengo ephansi. Okubi kwalolu hlobo lwesithando somlilo ukuthi ngeke kusetshenziselwe ukukala izinga lokushisa eliphakeme. Umkhawulo ophezulu wesilinganiso sokushisa ngu-800 ℃. Lapho isetshenziswa isikhathi eside, kukhawulwa kuphela ngaphansi kuka-600 ℃. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoba ingxubevange yethusi ihlanganiswe kalula futhi yonakele, kufanele kusetshenziswe isithando somlilo esivuthayo sehhashi. Faka umkhono wokuzivikela.

4. Isithando somlilo sePlatinum-rhodium 30 / platinum-rhodium — esaziwa njenge-platinum-rhodium thermocouple ephindwe kabili, kanti inombolo yokuthweswa iziqu ngu-B. Ama-electrode akhombisayo futhi amabi ale-thermocouple womabili ayizinsimbi ze-platinum ne-rhodium. Isithando somlilo esiphezulu sehhashi elibilayo sihluka kuphela ngokulingana kokuqukethwe kwe-alloy. I-electrode enhle iqukethe i-30% ye-rhodium kanti i-electrode engemihle iqukethe i-6% ye-rhodium. I-double platinum-rhodium thermocouple inekhono eliqinile lokulwa nokungcola. Kusenokuzinza okuhle lapho izinga lokushisa lilinganiswa ngo-1800 ℃. Ukunemba kwesilinganiso sokushisa kuphezulu, futhi kufanelekile kwimidiya ene-oxidizing nengathathi hlangothi. Isithando somlilo singalinganisa ngokuqhubekayo ukushisa okuphezulu kwe-1400-1600 ℃ isikhathi eside, futhi ukukala kwesikhashana kungafinyelela ku-1800 ℃.

Ukuzwela kwe-double platinum rhodium thermocouple kuphansi, ngakho-ke kufanele ifakwe insimbi yokubonisa ukuzwela okuphezulu uma isetshenziswa. Ukushisa kwesithando somlilo ekamelweni lokushisa kunomthelela omncane kakhulu kumandla we-thermoelectric, ngakho-ke isinxephezelo sokushisa ngokuvamile asidingeki ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.

5. Isithando somlilo seCopper / Constantan Muffle-inombolo yokuthweswa iziqu ngu-T, i-electrode enhle ithusi, kanti i-electrode engeyona i-alloy engu-60% yethusi / 40% ye-nickel.

Incazelo yokushiswa kwesithando semuffle incazelo eningiliziwe

Izidingo zezinto ezibonakalayo zama-thermocouples asetshenziswa kakhulu ezithandweni zomlilo

1. Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ububanzi bezilinganiso zokushisa kwesithando somlilo ngokuyinhloko kuncike ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kokushisa kwe-thermoelectrode, okungukuthi, endaweni yokushisa ephezulu, lapho kuzinza khona ngokomzimba nangokwamakhemikhali kwe-thermoelectrode, izinga lokushisa ububanzi bokulinganisa be-thermocouple eyakhiwe yibo Ngokubanzi.

2. Ama-thermocouples amahle wokukhiqiza kabusha asebenzisa izinto ezimbili ezifanayo ze-thermoelectrode adinga ukuthi ukusebenza kwawo kukagesi nokushisa kufane futhi kuzinze. Isithando somlilo esishisayo sehhashi esishisayo singenza ama-thermocouples akhiqizwe ngobuningi futhi abe nokushintshana okuhle;

3. Ukuzwela okuphezulu kanye nobumbano oluhle – Ukwahluka kwamazinga okushisa amandla we-thermoelectric akhiqizwe izithandani ezisebenza ngogesi esithandweni esiphezulu sehhashi elibilayo isithando somlilo sikhulu ngokwanele futhi sinobudlelwano obumugqa nezinga lokushisa;

4. Ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo ezibalulwe ngenhla, isithando somlilo samahhashi asezingeni eliphakeme futhi sinethemba lokuthi ukumelana nokuqina kokushisa kwamazinga okushisa kuncane ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi intengo yayo ishibhile futhi okuphakelayo kwanele.

B. I-thermocouple yesithando somlilo esivuthayo sehhashi eliphakeme kufanele ikhethwe ngokufanele ngokuya ngezidingo lapho uyisebenzisa. Okwamanje, imishini yokubilisa yamahhashi abilayo esetshenziswa kakhulu yilena elandelayo:

1. IPlatinamu rhodium / iplatinamu elishisa kakhulu ihhashi elibilayo isithando somlilo-inombolo yenkomba yayo ingu-S, i-electrode enhle ingxubevange ka-90% weplathinamu kanye no-10% we-rhodium, kanti i-electrode engeyinhle yintambo yeplatinamu emsulwa.

Inzuzo yalolu hlobo lwe-thermocouple ukuthi ingalungisa kalula i-platinum-rhodium alloy ngobumsulwa obuphakeme ngokweqile, ngakho-ke kulula ukuyiphindaphinda futhi inokunemba kwesilinganiso sokushisa okuphezulu. Ingasetshenziswa njenge-thermocouple eyinkomba ebangeni le-630.74-1064.43 ℃ kusikali sokushisa esisebenzayo. Isithando somlilo sinokusimama okuphezulu komzimba namakhemikhali futhi kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa kuma-atmospheres we-oxidizing nongathathi hlangothi; iphuzu layo lokuncibilika liphakeme kakhulu, ngakho-ke umkhawulo ongaphezulu wesilinganiso sokushisa nawo uphezulu. Ngokwesilinganiso sezimboni, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukukala izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-1000 ° C. Isithando somlilo esivuthayo samahhashi asezingeni eliphakeme singasetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo isikhathi eside ngaphansi kuka-1300 ° C, futhi isilinganiso sokushisa sesikhashana esifushane singafinyelela ku-1600 ° C.

Ububi be-platinum rhodium / platinum thermocouples ukuthi ayabiza futhi anamandla aphansi we-thermoelectric. Amalahle abilayo amahhashi asezingeni eliphezulu azosheshe angcoliswe futhi onakale uma esetshenziswa ekwehliseni amagesi, umhwamuko wensimbi, ama-oxide wensimbi, ama-silicon oxides, nama-oxide wesibabule. Kulezi zindawo, kufanele kufakwe umkhono wokuzivikela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kwe-thermoelectric yalesi somlilo esishisa kakhulu se-horse-boiler kuncane kakhulu. Emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, i-thermoelectrode yayo izodlondlobala, ivumele ama-molecule e-rhodium ukuthi angene ku-electrode ye-platinum ukuze ayonakalise. Dala ukuthi amandla we-thermoelectric angazinzi.

2. I-Nickel-chromium / nickel-chromium izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lamahhashi abilayo isithando somlilo-inombolo yayo yenkomba ngu-K, ingxenye eyi-electrode eyi-9-10% chromium, 0.4% silicon, okusele yi-nickel, ingxenye engeyona ye-electrode engu-2.5-3% i-silicon, <0.6% chromium, okunye kwe-nickel.

Inzuzo yalolu hlobo lwesithando somlilo ukuthi inokumelana okuqinile kwe-oxidation nokumelana nokugqwala, okunye ukuzinza kwesayensi, amandla amakhulu we-thermoelectric, nobudlelwano obuhle bomugqa phakathi kwamandla we-thermoelectric kanye nokushisa. Izinto zayo ze-thermoelectrode zishibhile futhi zishisa kakhulu. Isithando somlilo esibilisayo singasetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo isikhathi eside ngaphansi kuka-1000 ℃, futhi isilinganiso sokushisa sesikhashana esifushane singafinyelela ku-1300 ℃.

Ububi be-nickel-chromium / nickel-silicon thermocouples ukuthi bonakaliswe kalula emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-500 ° C nasekunciphiseni imithombo yezindaba, amafutha emfucumfucu nalapho esetshenziswa kuma-atmospheres wesibabule namakhemikhali. Ngakho-ke, kufanele zisetshenziswe lapho kusebenza kulezi zindawo. Ngomkhono ovikelayo, ukunemba kwesilinganiso sokushisa nakho kuphansi kunalokho kwe-platinum rhodium / platinum thermocouple.

3. I-Nickel-chromium / ithusi lokushisa okuphezulu kwehhashi elibilayo isithando somlilo-inombolo yokuthweswa iziqu ngu-E, ukwakheka okuhle kwe-electrode nickel-chromium ngu-9-10% chromium, 0.4% silicon, kanti okunye yi-nickel; ithusi lokuhlola i-electrode elibi lihlukaniswe laba ithusi elingu-56% ne-nickel engama-44%.

Inzuzo enkulu ye-nickel-chromium / ithusi thermocouple amandla ayo amakhulu we-thermoelectric nentengo ephansi. Okubi kwalolu hlobo lwesithando somlilo ukuthi ngeke kusetshenziselwe ukukala izinga lokushisa eliphakeme. Umkhawulo ophezulu wesilinganiso sokushisa ngu-800 ℃. Lapho isetshenziswa isikhathi eside, kukhawulwa kuphela ngaphansi kuka-600 ℃. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoba ingxubevange yethusi ihlanganiswe kalula futhi yonakele, kufanele kusetshenziswe isithando somlilo esivuthayo sehhashi. Faka umkhono wokuzivikela.

4. Isithando somlilo sePlatinum-rhodium 30 / platinum-rhodium — esaziwa njenge-platinum-rhodium thermocouple ephindwe kabili, kanti inombolo yokuthweswa iziqu ngu-B. Ama-electrode akhombisayo futhi amabi ale-thermocouple womabili ayizinsimbi ze-platinum ne-rhodium. Isithando somlilo esiphezulu sehhashi elibilayo sihluka kuphela ngokulingana kokuqukethwe kwe-alloy. I-electrode enhle iqukethe i-30% ye-rhodium kanti i-electrode engemihle iqukethe i-6% ye-rhodium. I-double platinum-rhodium thermocouple inekhono eliqinile lokulwa nokungcola. Kusenokuzinza okuhle lapho izinga lokushisa lilinganiswa ngo-1800 ℃. Ukunemba kwesilinganiso sokushisa kuphezulu, futhi kufanelekile kwimidiya ene-oxidizing nengathathi hlangothi. Isithando somlilo singalinganisa ngokuqhubekayo ukushisa okuphezulu kwe-1400-1600 ℃ isikhathi eside, futhi ukukala kwesikhashana kungafinyelela ku-1800 ℃.

Ukuzwela kwe-double platinum rhodium thermocouple kuphansi, ngakho-ke kufanele ifakwe insimbi yokubonisa ukuzwela okuphezulu uma isetshenziswa. Ukushisa kwesithando somlilo ekamelweni lokushisa kunomthelela omncane kakhulu kumandla we-thermoelectric, ngakho-ke isinxephezelo sokushisa ngokuvamile asidingeki ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.

5. Isithando somlilo seCopper / Constantan Muffle-inombolo yokuthweswa iziqu ngu-T, i-electrode enhle ithusi, kanti i-electrode engeyona i-alloy engu-60% yethusi / 40% ye-nickel.