Muffle furna kudziyisa chinhu chakadzama tsananguro

A. Zvinhu zvinodiwa nezvinowanzoshandiswa thermocouples mune muffle mavira

1. Kupisa kwakanyanya kupisa, iyo tembiricha kuyera huwandu hwemuffle vira kunyanya kunoenderana neyakaipisisa tembiricha mashandiro eiyo thermoelectrode, ndokuti, mune yakanyanya tembiricha svikiro, iyo inogadzikana panyama uye makemikari zvimiro zveiyo thermoelectrode, iyo tembiricha. kuyera huwandu hweiyo thermocouple yakaumbwa nezvayo Iyo yakafara.

2. Kugona kubereka zvakanaka-thermocouples vachishandisa zvakafanana thermoelectrode zvinhu zvinoda yavo yemagetsi uye yekupisa kuita kuti ienzaniswe uye kugadzikana. Iyo yepamusoro tembiricha bhiza rinodzika choto inogona kuita thermocouples kuwanda-kugadzirwa uye kuve nekuchinjana kwakanaka;

3. Kunzwisisa kwakanyanya uye mutsara wakanaka – Iyo tembiricha mutsauko thermoelectric kugona kunoitwa nevemagetsi vaviri veye yakanyanya tembiricha bhiza irikubvira vira yakakura zvakakwana uye ine hukama hwakaenzana netembiricha;

4. Kunze kwekusangana nezvinodiwa zvataurwa pamusoro apa, iyo inopisa-tembiricha bhiza rinobvira rinotarisirawo kuti resistivity uye tembiricha yavo coefficient yekudzivirira idiki sezvinobvira, uye mutengo wayo wakachipa uye kupihwa kwacho kwakakwana.

B. Iyo thermocouple yeiyo yepamusoro tembiricha bhiza rinobvira vira rinofanira kusarudzwa zvine mutsindo zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa kana uchiishandisa. Parizvino, inowanzo shandiswa yepamusoro-tembiricha bhiza inovirisa mavira iri anotevera:

1. Platinum rhodium / platinamu yakakwira-tembiricha bhiza irikubvira vira-yayo indekisi nhamba iri S, iyo yakanaka electrode chiwanikwa che90% platinum uye 10% rhodium, uye yakashata electrode yakachena platinum waya.

Kubatsira kwerudzi urwu rwe thermocouple ndechekuti inogona nyore kugadzirira platinamu-rhodium chiwanikwa nekuchena kwakanyanya, saka zviri nyore kudzokorodza uye ine yakanyanya tembiricha kuyera chaiyo. Inogona kushandiswa sereferensi thermocouple iri pakati pe630.74-1064.43 ℃ mune inoshanda tembiricha chiyero. Iyo muffle vira ine yakakwirira yemuviri uye yemakemikari kugadzikana uye inokodzera kushandiswa mune oxidizing uye kwazvakarerekera mumhepo; poindi yaro yekunyungudika yakanyanya kukwirira, saka muganho wepamusoro wekupisa tembiricha zvakare wakakwirira. Mune kuyerwa kwemaindasitiri, inowanzo shandiswa kuyera tembiricha iri pamusoro pe1000 ° C. Iyo inopisa-tembiricha bhiza rinodzika choto inogona kushandiswa inoenderera kwenguva yakareba pasi pe1300 ° C, uye iyo pfupi-yenguva tembiricha kuyerwa inogona kusvika 1600 ° C.

Izvo zvakashata zveplatinum rhodium / platinum thermocouples ndeyekuti iwo anodhura uye ane yakaderera thermoelectric kugona. Mahwindo anodziya-pisa emabhiza anokurumidza kusvibiswa uye kushatiswa kana uchishandiswa mukuderedza magasi, mweya wesimbi, simbi oxides, silicon oxides, uye sulfur oxides. Mumhepo idzi, ruoko rwokudzivirira runofanira kuwedzerwa. Uye zvakare, iwo thermoelectric mashandiro eiyi yakanyanya-tembiricha bhiza-bhaira vira haina kufanana. Pakutonhora kwakanyanya, iyo thermoelectrode inozokunda, ichibvumira mamorekuru erhodium kuti apinde muplatinum electrode kuti iasvibise. Konzera iyo thermoelectric mikana yekusagadzikana.

2. Nickel-chromium / nickel-chromium yakakwira tembiricha bhiza irikubvira vira-nhamba yacho indekisi K, iyo yakanaka electrode chinhu chiri 9-10% chromium, 0.4% nesilicon, iyo yakasara iri nickel, iyo isina kunaka electrode chikamu chiri 2.5-3% nesilicon, <0.6% chromium, iyo yasara yeNickel.

Iko kunakirwa kwerudzi urwu rwemuffle chiravira ndechekuti ine yakasimba oxidation kuramba uye ngura kuramba, kumwe kugadzikana kwesainzi, yakakura thermoelectric kugona, uye hukama hwakanaka hwehukama pakati pethermoelectric kugona uye tembiricha. Yayo thermoelectrode zvinhu zvakachipa uye zvakanyanya kupisa. Ivira remoto rinobvira rinogona kushandiswa richienderera kwenguva yakareba pasi pe1000 ℃, uye kuyerwa kwetembiricha-pfupi kunogona kusvika 1300 ℃.

Iko kusakosha kweiyo nickel-chromium / nickel-silicon thermocouples ndeyekuti ivo vanogadzirwa nyore nyore patembiricha inopfuura 500 ° C uye mukuderedza midhiya, muffle mavira uye kana ichishandiswa sarufa nemakemikari mumhepo. Naizvozvo, iwo anofanirwa kushandiswa kana uchishanda munzvimbo idzi. Iine ruoko rwokudzivirira, iko kutonhora kwekuyera kwaro kwakadzikirawo kupfuura kweplatinum rhodium / platinum thermocouple.

3. Nickel-chromium / mhangura yakakwira tembiricha bhiza irikubvira vira- nhamba yekupedza kudzidza ndiE, iyo yakanaka electrode nickel-chromium inogadzirwa ndeye 9-10% chromium, 0.4% silicon, uye iyo yese nickel; iyo yakashata electrode bvunzo mhangura yakakamurwa kuita 56% mhangura uye 44% nickel.

Kubatsira kukuru kweiyo nickel-chromium / yemhangura thermocouple ndiyo hombe Thermoelectric kugona uye yakaderera mutengo. Iko kusakosha kwerudzi urwu rwemuffle muvira ndeyekuti haigone kushandiswa kuyera kupisa kwakanyanya. Iyo yepamusoro muganho wekupisa kuyerwa ndeye 800 ℃. Kana ikashandiswa kwenguva yakareba, inongogumira kune pazasi pe600 ℃. Uye zvakare, nekuti iyo yemhangura alloy iri nyore yakasanganiswa uye yakashatiswa, iyo yakanyanya tembiricha bhiza rinobvira vira rinofanira kushandiswa. Isa ruoko runodzivirira.

4. Platinum-rhodium 30 / platinamu-rhodium muffle vhoriyamu – inonzi mbiri platinamu-rhodium thermocouple, uye nhamba yekupedza kudzidza iri B. Iwo akanaka uye asina kunaka ma electrode eiyi thermocouple ese ari maviri platinum uye rhodium alloys. Iyo yepamusoro tembiricha bhiza rinodzika choto chete rinosiyana muchiyero chezvinhu zvealloy zvemukati. Iyo yakanaka electrode ine 30% rhodium uye yakashata electrode ine 6% rhodium. Iyo mbiri platinum-rhodium thermocouple ine yakasimba anti-kusvibisa kugona. Ichine kugadzikana kwakanaka kana tembiricha ichiyerwa pa1800 ℃. Kupisa kwayo kuyerwa kwakaringana kwakakwirira, uye inokodzera midhiya uye isina kwazvakarerekera midhiya. Iyo muffle vira inogona kuenderera ichiyera iyo yakanyanya tembiricha ye1400-1600 ℃ kwenguva yakareba, uye iyo pfupi-yenguva kuyerwa inogona kusvika 1800 ℃.

Iko kunzwisisika kweiyo mbiri platinamu rhodium thermocouple yakaderera, saka inofanirwa kuve yakagadzirirwa neakakwira-kunzwisa kuratidza chiridzwa kana ichishandiswa. Iyo tembiricha yeiyo muffle vira pakamuri tembiricha ine zvishoma zvishoma mhedzisiro pane thermoelectric kugona, saka tembiricha muripo kazhinji haidiwe panguva yekushandiswa.

5. Mhangura / Constantan Muffle Furnace-nhamba yekupedza kudzidza ndiT, iyo yakanaka electrode imhangura, uye yakashata electrode chiwanikwa che60% mhangura / 40% nickel.

Muffle furna kudziyisa chinhu chakadzama tsananguro

A. Zvinhu zvinodiwa nezvinowanzoshandiswa thermocouples mune muffle mavira

1. Kupisa kwakanyanya kupisa, iyo tembiricha kuyera huwandu hwemuffle vira kunyanya kunoenderana neyakaipisisa tembiricha mashandiro eiyo thermoelectrode, ndokuti, mune yakanyanya tembiricha svikiro, iyo inogadzikana panyama uye makemikari zvimiro zveiyo thermoelectrode, iyo tembiricha. kuyera huwandu hweiyo thermocouple yakaumbwa nezvayo Iyo yakafara.

2. Kugona kubereka zvakanaka-thermocouples vachishandisa zvakafanana thermoelectrode zvinhu zvinoda yavo yemagetsi uye yekupisa kuita kuti ienzaniswe uye kugadzikana. Iyo yepamusoro tembiricha bhiza rinodzika choto inogona kuita thermocouples kuwanda-kugadzirwa uye kuve nekuchinjana kwakanaka;

3. Kunzwisisa kwakanyanya uye mutsara wakanaka – Iyo tembiricha mutsauko thermoelectric kugona kunoitwa nevemagetsi vaviri veye yakanyanya tembiricha bhiza irikubvira vira yakakura zvakakwana uye ine hukama hwakaenzana netembiricha;

4. Kunze kwekusangana nezvinodiwa zvataurwa pamusoro apa, iyo inopisa-tembiricha bhiza rinobvira rinotarisirawo kuti resistivity uye tembiricha yavo coefficient yekudzivirira idiki sezvinobvira, uye mutengo wayo wakachipa uye kupihwa kwacho kwakakwana.

B. Iyo thermocouple yeiyo yepamusoro tembiricha bhiza rinobvira vira rinofanira kusarudzwa zvine mutsindo zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa kana uchiishandisa. Parizvino, inowanzo shandiswa yepamusoro-tembiricha bhiza inovirisa mavira iri anotevera:

1. Platinum rhodium / platinamu yakakwira-tembiricha bhiza irikubvira vira-yayo indekisi nhamba iri S, iyo yakanaka electrode chiwanikwa che90% platinum uye 10% rhodium, uye yakashata electrode yakachena platinum waya.

Kubatsira kwerudzi urwu rwe thermocouple ndechekuti inogona nyore kugadzirira platinamu-rhodium chiwanikwa nekuchena kwakanyanya, saka zviri nyore kudzokorodza uye ine yakanyanya tembiricha kuyera chaiyo. Inogona kushandiswa sereferensi thermocouple iri pakati pe630.74-1064.43 ℃ mune inoshanda tembiricha chiyero. Iyo muffle vira ine yakakwirira yemuviri uye yemakemikari kugadzikana uye inokodzera kushandiswa mune oxidizing uye kwazvakarerekera mumhepo; poindi yaro yekunyungudika yakanyanya kukwirira, saka muganho wepamusoro wekupisa tembiricha zvakare wakakwirira. Mune kuyerwa kwemaindasitiri, inowanzo shandiswa kuyera tembiricha iri pamusoro pe1000 ° C. Iyo inopisa-tembiricha bhiza rinodzika choto inogona kushandiswa inoenderera kwenguva yakareba pasi pe1300 ° C, uye iyo pfupi-yenguva tembiricha kuyerwa inogona kusvika 1600 ° C.

Izvo zvakashata zveplatinum rhodium / platinum thermocouples ndeyekuti iwo anodhura uye ane yakaderera thermoelectric kugona. Mahwindo anodziya-pisa emabhiza anokurumidza kusvibiswa uye kushatiswa kana uchishandiswa mukuderedza magasi, mweya wesimbi, simbi oxides, silicon oxides, uye sulfur oxides. Mumhepo idzi, ruoko rwokudzivirira runofanira kuwedzerwa. Uye zvakare, iwo thermoelectric mashandiro eiyi yakanyanya-tembiricha bhiza-bhaira vira haina kufanana. Pakutonhora kwakanyanya, iyo thermoelectrode inozokunda, ichibvumira mamorekuru erhodium kuti apinde muplatinum electrode kuti iasvibise. Konzera iyo thermoelectric mikana yekusagadzikana.

2. Nickel-chromium / nickel-chromium yakakwira tembiricha bhiza irikubvira vira-nhamba yacho indekisi K, iyo yakanaka electrode chinhu chiri 9-10% chromium, 0.4% nesilicon, iyo yakasara iri nickel, iyo isina kunaka electrode chikamu chiri 2.5-3% nesilicon, <0.6% chromium, iyo yasara yeNickel.

Iko kunakirwa kwerudzi urwu rwemuffle chiravira ndechekuti ine yakasimba oxidation kuramba uye ngura kuramba, kumwe kugadzikana kwesainzi, yakakura thermoelectric kugona, uye hukama hwakanaka hwehukama pakati pethermoelectric kugona uye tembiricha. Yayo thermoelectrode zvinhu zvakachipa uye zvakanyanya kupisa. Ivira remoto rinobvira rinogona kushandiswa richienderera kwenguva yakareba pasi pe1000 ℃, uye kuyerwa kwetembiricha-pfupi kunogona kusvika 1300 ℃.

Iko kusakosha kweiyo nickel-chromium / nickel-silicon thermocouples ndeyekuti ivo vanogadzirwa nyore nyore patembiricha inopfuura 500 ° C uye mukuderedza midhiya, muffle mavira uye kana ichishandiswa sarufa nemakemikari mumhepo. Naizvozvo, iwo anofanirwa kushandiswa kana uchishanda munzvimbo idzi. Iine ruoko rwokudzivirira, iko kutonhora kwekuyera kwaro kwakadzikirawo kupfuura kweplatinum rhodium / platinum thermocouple.

3. Nickel-chromium / mhangura yakakwira tembiricha bhiza irikubvira vira- nhamba yekupedza kudzidza ndiE, iyo yakanaka electrode nickel-chromium inogadzirwa ndeye 9-10% chromium, 0.4% silicon, uye iyo yese nickel; iyo yakashata electrode bvunzo mhangura yakakamurwa kuita 56% mhangura uye 44% nickel.

Kubatsira kukuru kweiyo nickel-chromium / yemhangura thermocouple ndiyo hombe Thermoelectric kugona uye yakaderera mutengo. Iko kusakosha kwerudzi urwu rwemuffle muvira ndeyekuti haigone kushandiswa kuyera kupisa kwakanyanya. Iyo yepamusoro muganho wekupisa kuyerwa ndeye 800 ℃. Kana ikashandiswa kwenguva yakareba, inongogumira kune pazasi pe600 ℃. Uye zvakare, nekuti iyo yemhangura alloy iri nyore yakasanganiswa uye yakashatiswa, iyo yakanyanya tembiricha bhiza rinobvira vira rinofanira kushandiswa. Isa ruoko runodzivirira.

4. Platinum-rhodium 30 / platinamu-rhodium muffle vhoriyamu – inonzi mbiri platinamu-rhodium thermocouple, uye nhamba yekupedza kudzidza iri B. Iwo akanaka uye asina kunaka ma electrode eiyi thermocouple ese ari maviri platinum uye rhodium alloys. Iyo yepamusoro tembiricha bhiza rinodzika choto chete rinosiyana muchiyero chezvinhu zvealloy zvemukati. Iyo yakanaka electrode ine 30% rhodium uye yakashata electrode ine 6% rhodium. Iyo mbiri platinum-rhodium thermocouple ine yakasimba anti-kusvibisa kugona. Ichine kugadzikana kwakanaka kana tembiricha ichiyerwa pa1800 ℃. Kupisa kwayo kuyerwa kwakaringana kwakakwirira, uye inokodzera midhiya uye isina kwazvakarerekera midhiya. Iyo muffle vira inogona kuenderera ichiyera iyo yakanyanya tembiricha ye1400-1600 ℃ kwenguva yakareba, uye iyo pfupi-yenguva kuyerwa inogona kusvika 1800 ℃.

Iko kunzwisisika kweiyo mbiri platinamu rhodium thermocouple yakaderera, saka inofanirwa kuve yakagadzirirwa neakakwira-kunzwisa kuratidza chiridzwa kana ichishandiswa. Iyo tembiricha yeiyo muffle vira pakamuri tembiricha ine zvishoma zvishoma mhedzisiro pane thermoelectric kugona, saka tembiricha muripo kazhinji haidiwe panguva yekushandiswa.

5. Mhangura / Constantan Muffle Furnace-nhamba yekupedza kudzidza ndiT, iyo yakanaka electrode imhangura, uye yakashata electrode chiwanikwa che60% mhangura / 40% nickel.