Kutentha kwamoto kwamatope kumafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane

A. Zofunikira pazogwiritsa ntchito ma thermocouples omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m’ma ng’anjo

1. Kutentha kwakukulu, kutentha kwa ng’anjo yamoto makamaka kumadalira kutentha kwapamwamba kwa thermoelectrode, kutanthauza kuti, pakatenthedwe kotentha, kulimba kwa thupi ndi mankhwala a thermoelectrode, kutentha mulingo woyeserera wa thermocouple wopangidwa nawo Kutalika.

2. Kuberekanso kwabwino-ma thermocouples ogwiritsa ntchito zida ziwiri zofananira zama thermoelectrode amafuna kuti magwiridwe antchito amagetsi ndi matenthedwe akhale ofanana komanso okhazikika. Ng’anjo yotentha yamahatchi yotentha imatha kupanga ma thermocouples opangidwa ndi misala ndikukhala osinthana kwabwino;

3. Kutengeka kwakukulu ndi kulumikizana kwabwino-Kusiyanitsa kwa kutentha kwa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi magetsi awiri otentha otentha ng’anjo yayikulu ndikokwanira ndipo imakhala yolumikizana bwino ndi kutentha;

4. Kuphatikiza pakukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zatchulidwazi, ng’anjo yotentha kwambiri ya akavalo ikuyembekezeranso kuti kuyimitsidwa kwake ndi kutentha kwake kotsika kumakhala kochepa momwe zingathere, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika mtengo komanso kupezeka kwake ndikokwanira.

B. Thermocouple wa ng’anjo yotentha kwambiri ya akavalo ayenera kusankhidwa moyenera malinga ndi zofunikira mukamagwiritsa ntchito. Pakadali pano, ng’anjo yotentha kwambiri yomwe mahatchi amaotcha ndi awa:

1. Platinamu rhodium / platinamu wotentha kwambiri kavalo-nambala yake ndi S, maelekitirodi abwino ndi 90% ya platinamu ndi 10% rhodium, ndipo ma elekitirodi olakwika ndi waya wa platinamu wangwiro.

Ubwino wa mtundu uwu wa thermocouple ndikuti imatha kukonzekera pulatinamu-rhodium alloy ndi chiyero chokwera kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndikosavuta kutengera mobwerezabwereza ndipo imakhala yolondola kwambiri. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thermocouple yonena za 630.74-1064.43 ℃ pamlingo wotentha. Ng’anjo yamoto imakhala yolimba mwakuthupi ndi mankhwala ndipo ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma oxidizing komanso osalowerera ndale; malo ake osungunuka ndi okwera kwambiri, chifukwa chake malire apamwamba oyesera kutentha amakhalanso okwera. Muyeso yamafuta, imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kutentha pamwamba pa 1000 ° C. Ng’anjo yotentha yamahatchi amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza kwa nthawi yayitali pansi pa 1300 ° C, ndipo kuyeza kwakanthawi kochepa kumatha kufikira 1600 ° C.

Zoyipa za platinamu rhodium / platinamu ma thermocouples ndikuti ndiokwera mtengo komanso amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zamagetsi. Ng’ombe zotentha kwambiri zamahatchi zimawonongeka mwachangu komanso zimawonongeka zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa mpweya, nthunzi zachitsulo, ma oxide achitsulo, ma oxide a silicon, ndi oxide a sulfure. M’mlengalenga, malaya oteteza ayenera kuwonjezeredwa. Kuphatikiza apo, magwiridwe antchito amagetsi otentha ndi ng’anjo yotentha kwambiri ndi mahatchi si ofanana. Kutentha kwambiri, ma thermoelectrode ake amapambana, kulola mamolekyulu a rhodium kuti alowe mu elekitirodi ya platinamu kuti iwonongeke. Pangani mphamvu yamagetsi kuti ikhale yosakhazikika.

2. Nickel-chromium / faifi tambala-chromium kutentha kwambiri kavalo wotentha ng’anjo-nambala yake ndi K, gawo labwino la ma elekitirodi ndi 9-10% chromium, 0.4% silicon, yotsalayo ndi nikeli, gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi ndi 2.5-3% pakachitsulo, <0.6% chromium, ena onse faifi tambala.

Ubwino wamtunduwu wamng’anjo yamoto ndikuti umakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni komanso kukana kutentha kwa dzimbiri, kukhazikika kwina kwasayansi, kuthekera kwakukulu kwamagetsi, komanso ubale wabwino pakati pa kuthekera kwamagetsi ndi kutentha. Zipangizo zake zamagetsi ndizotsika mtengo komanso zotentha kwambiri. Ng’anjo yotentha yamahatchi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza kwa nthawi yayitali pansi pa 1000 ℃, ndipo kuyeza kwakanthawi kochepa kumatha kufikira 1300 ℃.

Kuipa kwa ma nickel-chromium / nickel-silicon thermocouples ndikuti amatha kuwonongeka pamatenthedwe opitilira 500 ° C ndikuchepetsa ma media, maofesi osakanikirana komanso akagwiritsidwa ntchito mumlengalenga wa sulfure ndi mankhwala. Chifukwa chake, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mukamagwira ntchito m’malo awa. Ndi malaya otetezera, kulondola kwa muyeso wa kutentha kwake kumakhalanso kotsika kuposa kwa platinamu rhodium / platinamu thermocouple.

3. Nickel-chromium / mkuwa wotentha kavalo woyaka ng’anjo-nambala yomaliza maphunziro ndi E, mawonekedwe abwino a elekitirodi-chromium ndi 9-10% chromium, 0.4% silicon, ndipo inayo ndi nickel; mkuwa woyeserera wamagetsi wamagetsi wagawika 56% zamkuwa ndi 44% faifi tambala.

Ubwino waukulu wa nickel-chromium / mkuwa thermocouple ndimphamvu yake yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi mtengo wotsika. Kuipa kwa ng’anjo yamtunduwu ndikuti sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza kutentha kwakukulu. Malire apamwamba oyesa kutentha ndi 800 ℃. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, imangokhala yochepera 600 ℃. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa aloyi wamkuwa sachedwa kusungunuka komanso kuwonongeka, ng’anjo yotentha yamahatchi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ikani malaya oteteza.

4. Platinum-rhodium 30 / platinamu-rhodium muffle ng’anjo-yotchedwa double platinum-rhodium thermocouple, ndipo nambala yomaliza maphunziro ndi B. Maelekitirodi abwino ndi olakwika a thermocouple onsewa ndi platinamu ndi ma aloyi a rhodium. Ng’anjo yotentha yamahatchi yotentha imangosiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu za aloyi. Maelekitirodi abwino ali ndi 30% ya rhodium ndipo ma elekitirodi olakwika ali ndi 6% ya rhodium. Dongosolo la platinamu-rhodium thermocouple lili ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi kuipitsidwa. Imakhalabe yolimba pomwe kutentha kumayeza mu 1800 ℃. Kulondola kwake kwayeso kutentha ndikokwera, ndipo kuli koyenera kutulutsa nkhani zosakhudzana ndi ndale. Ng’anjo yamoto imatha kuyeza kutentha kwa 1400-1600 ℃ kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo kuyeza kwakanthawi kochepa kumatha kufikira 1800 ℃.

Kutha chidwi kwa pulatinamu iwiri ya rhodium thermocouple ndiyotsika, chifukwa chake kuyenera kukhala ndi chida chowonetsera chomvekera bwino mukamagwiritsa ntchito. Kutentha kwa ng’anjo yamoto mu firiji sikumakhudza kwenikweni mphamvu zamagetsi, chifukwa chake kutentha sikofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito.

5. Mkuwa / Constantan Muffle Yamoto-nambala yomaliza maphunziro ndi T, ma elekitirodi abwino ndi mkuwa, ndipo ma elekitirodi olakwika ndi aloyi wa 60% mkuwa / 40% faifi tambala.

Kutentha kwamoto kwamatope kumafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane

A. Zofunikira pazogwiritsa ntchito ma thermocouples omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m’ma ng’anjo

1. Kutentha kwakukulu, kutentha kwa ng’anjo yamoto makamaka kumadalira kutentha kwapamwamba kwa thermoelectrode, kutanthauza kuti, pakatenthedwe kotentha, kulimba kwa thupi ndi mankhwala a thermoelectrode, kutentha mulingo woyeserera wa thermocouple wopangidwa nawo Kutalika.

2. Kuberekanso kwabwino-ma thermocouples ogwiritsa ntchito zida ziwiri zofananira zama thermoelectrode amafuna kuti magwiridwe antchito amagetsi ndi matenthedwe akhale ofanana komanso okhazikika. Ng’anjo yotentha yamahatchi yotentha imatha kupanga ma thermocouples opangidwa ndi misala ndikukhala osinthana kwabwino;

3. Kutengeka kwakukulu ndi kulumikizana kwabwino-Kusiyanitsa kwa kutentha kwa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi magetsi awiri otentha otentha ng’anjo yayikulu ndikokwanira ndipo imakhala yolumikizana bwino ndi kutentha;

4. Kuphatikiza pakukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zatchulidwazi, ng’anjo yotentha kwambiri ya akavalo ikuyembekezeranso kuti kuyimitsidwa kwake ndi kutentha kwake kotsika kumakhala kochepa momwe zingathere, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika mtengo komanso kupezeka kwake ndikokwanira.

B. Thermocouple wa ng’anjo yotentha kwambiri ya akavalo ayenera kusankhidwa moyenera malinga ndi zofunikira mukamagwiritsa ntchito. Pakadali pano, ng’anjo yotentha kwambiri yomwe mahatchi amaotcha ndi awa:

1. Platinamu rhodium / platinamu wotentha kwambiri kavalo-nambala yake ndi S, maelekitirodi abwino ndi 90% ya platinamu ndi 10% rhodium, ndipo ma elekitirodi olakwika ndi waya wa platinamu wangwiro.

Ubwino wa mtundu uwu wa thermocouple ndikuti imatha kukonzekera pulatinamu-rhodium alloy ndi chiyero chokwera kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndikosavuta kutengera mobwerezabwereza ndipo imakhala yolondola kwambiri. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thermocouple yonena za 630.74-1064.43 ℃ pamlingo wotentha. Ng’anjo yamoto imakhala yolimba mwakuthupi ndi mankhwala ndipo ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma oxidizing komanso osalowerera ndale; malo ake osungunuka ndi okwera kwambiri, chifukwa chake malire apamwamba oyesera kutentha amakhalanso okwera. Muyeso yamafuta, imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kutentha pamwamba pa 1000 ° C. Ng’anjo yotentha yamahatchi amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza kwa nthawi yayitali pansi pa 1300 ° C, ndipo kuyeza kwakanthawi kochepa kumatha kufikira 1600 ° C.

Zoyipa za platinamu rhodium / platinamu ma thermocouples ndikuti ndiokwera mtengo komanso amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zamagetsi. Ng’ombe zotentha kwambiri zamahatchi zimawonongeka mwachangu komanso zimawonongeka zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa mpweya, nthunzi zachitsulo, ma oxide achitsulo, ma oxide a silicon, ndi oxide a sulfure. M’mlengalenga, malaya oteteza ayenera kuwonjezeredwa. Kuphatikiza apo, magwiridwe antchito amagetsi otentha ndi ng’anjo yotentha kwambiri ndi mahatchi si ofanana. Kutentha kwambiri, ma thermoelectrode ake amapambana, kulola mamolekyulu a rhodium kuti alowe mu elekitirodi ya platinamu kuti iwonongeke. Pangani mphamvu yamagetsi kuti ikhale yosakhazikika.

2. Nickel-chromium / faifi tambala-chromium kutentha kwambiri kavalo wotentha ng’anjo-nambala yake ndi K, gawo labwino la ma elekitirodi ndi 9-10% chromium, 0.4% silicon, yotsalayo ndi nikeli, gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi ndi 2.5-3% pakachitsulo, <0.6% chromium, ena onse faifi tambala.

Ubwino wamtunduwu wamng’anjo yamoto ndikuti umakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni komanso kukana kutentha kwa dzimbiri, kukhazikika kwina kwasayansi, kuthekera kwakukulu kwamagetsi, komanso ubale wabwino pakati pa kuthekera kwamagetsi ndi kutentha. Zipangizo zake zamagetsi ndizotsika mtengo komanso zotentha kwambiri. Ng’anjo yotentha yamahatchi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza kwa nthawi yayitali pansi pa 1000 ℃, ndipo kuyeza kwakanthawi kochepa kumatha kufikira 1300 ℃.

Kuipa kwa ma nickel-chromium / nickel-silicon thermocouples ndikuti amatha kuwonongeka pamatenthedwe opitilira 500 ° C ndikuchepetsa ma media, maofesi osakanikirana komanso akagwiritsidwa ntchito mumlengalenga wa sulfure ndi mankhwala. Chifukwa chake, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mukamagwira ntchito m’malo awa. Ndi malaya otetezera, kulondola kwa muyeso wa kutentha kwake kumakhalanso kotsika kuposa kwa platinamu rhodium / platinamu thermocouple.

3. Nickel-chromium / mkuwa wotentha kavalo woyaka ng’anjo-nambala yomaliza maphunziro ndi E, mawonekedwe abwino a elekitirodi-chromium ndi 9-10% chromium, 0.4% silicon, ndipo inayo ndi nickel; mkuwa woyeserera wamagetsi wamagetsi wagawika 56% zamkuwa ndi 44% faifi tambala.

Ubwino waukulu wa nickel-chromium / mkuwa thermocouple ndimphamvu yake yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi mtengo wotsika. Kuipa kwa ng’anjo yamtunduwu ndikuti sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza kutentha kwakukulu. Malire apamwamba oyesa kutentha ndi 800 ℃. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, imangokhala yochepera 600 ℃. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa aloyi wamkuwa sachedwa kusungunuka komanso kuwonongeka, ng’anjo yotentha yamahatchi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ikani malaya oteteza.

4. Platinum-rhodium 30 / platinamu-rhodium muffle ng’anjo-yotchedwa double platinum-rhodium thermocouple, ndipo nambala yomaliza maphunziro ndi B. Maelekitirodi abwino ndi olakwika a thermocouple onsewa ndi platinamu ndi ma aloyi a rhodium. Ng’anjo yotentha yamahatchi yotentha imangosiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu za aloyi. Maelekitirodi abwino ali ndi 30% ya rhodium ndipo ma elekitirodi olakwika ali ndi 6% ya rhodium. Dongosolo la platinamu-rhodium thermocouple lili ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi kuipitsidwa. Imakhalabe yolimba pomwe kutentha kumayeza mu 1800 ℃. Kulondola kwake kwayeso kutentha ndikokwera, ndipo kuli koyenera kutulutsa nkhani zosakhudzana ndi ndale. Ng’anjo yamoto imatha kuyeza kutentha kwa 1400-1600 ℃ kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo kuyeza kwakanthawi kochepa kumatha kufikira 1800 ℃.

Kutha chidwi kwa pulatinamu iwiri ya rhodium thermocouple ndiyotsika, chifukwa chake kuyenera kukhala ndi chida chowonetsera chomvekera bwino mukamagwiritsa ntchito. Kutentha kwa ng’anjo yamoto mu firiji sikumakhudza kwenikweni mphamvu zamagetsi, chifukwa chake kutentha sikofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito.

5. Mkuwa / Constantan Muffle Yamoto-nambala yomaliza maphunziro ndi T, ma elekitirodi abwino ndi mkuwa, ndipo ma elekitirodi olakwika ndi aloyi wa 60% mkuwa / 40% faifi tambala.