Haɓaka Kwanan nan na Kayan Kayayyakin Kaya

Na farko kayan da aka yi amfani da su na rufe fuska sune samfuran halitta kamar su auduga, siliki, mica, da roba. A farkon karni na 20, da masana’antu roba filastik phenolic resin ya fara fitowa, wanda ke da kyawawan kaddarorin lantarki da juriya mai zafi. Daga baya, urea-formaldehyde resins da alkyd resins tare da mafi kyawun aiki sun bayyana daya bayan daya. Bayyanar trichlorobiphenyl roba insulating mai ya yi tsalle a cikin takamaiman halaye na ikon capacitors (amma an daina shi tun yana da illa ga lafiyar ɗan adam). Sulfur hexafluoride kuma an haɗa shi a lokaci guda.

Tun daga shekarun 1930s, kayan haɗin gwiwar roba sun haɓaka cikin sauri, galibi sun haɗa da resin acetal, neoprene, polyvinyl chloride, styrene-butadiene roba, polyamide, melamine, polyethylene da polytetrafluoroethylene, wanda ake kira sarkin robobi tare da kyakkyawan aiki. jira Samuwar wadannan kayan da ake hadawa ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa fasahar lantarki. Misali, ana amfani da waya mai enameled acetal a cikin motar don inganta yanayin aiki da amincinsa, yayin da girma da nauyin motar ke raguwa sosai. Nasarar ci gaban fiber gilashin da bel ɗin da aka yi masa waƙa da kuma haɗakar da guduro na silicone sun ƙara matakin juriya na zafi na ajin H zuwa rufin motar.

Bayan shekarun 1940, polyester mara saturated da resin epoxy sun fito. Bayyanar takarda mica na foda yana sa mutane su kawar da halin da ake ciki na ƙarancin albarkatun mica.

Tun daga shekarun 1950, an yi amfani da sabbin kayan da suka dogara da resins na roba ko’ina, kamar su polyester da ba su da tushe da mannen insulating na epoxy don shigar da manyan na’urori masu ƙarfin lantarki. Ana amfani da samfuran jerin samfuran polyester a cikin rufin rufin motar motar, waya mai enameled da varnish mai lalata, da kuma E-class da B-class low-voltage motor insulation an ɓullo da shi, wanda ke ƙara rage girma da nauyin motar. Sulfur hexafluoride ya fara amfani da shi a cikin kayan aikin lantarki mai ƙarfi, kuma ya sanya shi haɓaka zuwa ƙaramin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. An maye gurbin daɗaɗɗen iska na masu rarraba da’ira da man fetur da takarda na masu canji da sulfur hexafluoride.

A cikin 1960s, resins masu tsayayya da zafi waɗanda ke ɗauke da heterocyclic da zoben aromatic sun haɓaka sosai, irin su polyimide, polyaramide, polyarylsulfone, polyphenylene sulfide da sauran kayan da ke cikin matakin H da manyan matakan zafi. Haɗin waɗannan kayan da ke da zafi ya haifar da yanayi mai kyau don haɓaka injin F-class da H-class a nan gaba. Hakanan an yi nasarar amfani da fina-finan polypropylene a cikin masu ƙarfin wutar lantarki a wannan lokacin.

Tun daga shekarun 1970, an sami ɗan ƙaramin bincike kan haɓaka sabbin kayan aiki. A cikin wannan lokacin, an yi gyare-gyare iri-iri ga kayan da ake da su kuma an faɗaɗa iyakar aikace-aikacen. Ana tace mai masu hana ma’adinai ta hanyar sabbin hanyoyi don rage asarar su; Epoxy mica insulation ya yi gyare-gyare da yawa wajen inganta kayan aikin injinsa da kuma samun rashin gibin iska don inganta kayan lantarki. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana canzawa daga tsarin haɗin gwiwar takarda-fim zuwa cikakken tsarin fim. 1000 kV UHV igiyoyin wutar lantarki sun fara nazarin maye gurbin takarda na fiber na al’ada tare da rufin takarda na roba. Abubuwan da ba su da gurɓata gurɓatawa suma sun haɓaka cikin sauri tun cikin shekarun 1970, kamar amfani da matsakaicin isopropyl biphenyl mara guba da man ester don maye gurbin chlorinated biphenyl matsakaici mai guba, da faɗaɗa fenti mara ƙarfi. Tare da yawaitar kayan aikin gida, manyan hadurran gobara sukan faru ne sakamakon gobarar kayan da suke amfani da su, don haka bincike kan abubuwan da ke hana wuta ya jawo hankali.