Uphuhliso lwakutsha nje lweMathiriyeli yokugquma

Izinto zokuqala zokugquma ezazisetyenziswa yayizimveliso zendalo ezifana nomqhaphu, isilika, imica, kunye nerabha. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, i imveliso eyenziweyo iplastiki ye-phenolic resin yaqala yaphuma, enezinto ezilungileyo zombane kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu. Emva kwexesha, iireyini ze-urea-formaldehyde kunye ne-alkyd resins ezinomsebenzi ongcono zavela enye emva kwenye. Ukuvela kweoli ye-trichlorobiphenyl synthetic insulating oil yenze umtsi kwiimpawu ezithile ze-capacitors zamandla (kodwa iye yanqunyanyiswa kuba iyingozi kwimpilo yabantu). I-Sulfur hexafluoride nayo yenziwa ngexesha elifanayo.

Ukususela kwi-1930s, izinto zokwenziwa kwe-insulating ziphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza, ngokukodwa kubandakanywa i-acetal resin, i-neoprene, i-polyvinyl chloride, i-rabha ye-styrene-butadiene, i-polyamide, i-melamine, i-polyethylene kunye ne-polytetrafluoroethylene, ebizwa ngokuba yinkosi yeeplastiki kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Yima. Ukuvela kwezi zixhobo zokwenziwa kuye kwadlala indima enkulu ekuphuhliseni iteknoloji yombane. Ngokomzekelo, i-acetal enameled wire isetyenziswe kwi-motor ukuphucula ubushushu bokusebenza kunye nokuthembeka, ngelixa umthamo kunye nobunzima bemoto buyancipha kakhulu. Uphuhliso oluyimpumelelo lwefiber yeglasi kunye nebhanti yalo ephothiweyo kunye ne-synthesis ye-silicone resin yongeze inqanaba lokumelana nobushushu beklasi ye-H kwi-motor insulation.

Emva kweminyaka yee-1940, ipolyester engafakwanga kunye ne-epoxy resin yaphuma. Ukubonakala kwephepha le-powder mica kwenza ukuba abantu balahle ubunzima bokunqongophala kwemithombo ye-sheet mica.

Ukusukela ngeminyaka yee-1950s, izixhobo ezitsha ezisekwe kwiireyini zokwenziwa ziye zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi, njengepolyester engafakwanga kunye ne-epoxy insulating insulating for impregnation of high-voltage motor coil. Iimveliso zothotho lwePolyester zisetyenziswa kwi-motor slot lining insulation insulation, i-enameled wire kunye nokumilisela ivanishi, kunye ne-E-class kunye ne-B-class low-voltage motor insulation iye yaphuhliswa, ethi icuthe ngakumbi umthamo kunye nobunzima bemoto. I-Sulfur hexafluoride yaqala ukusetyenziswa kwizixhobo zombane ezine-voltage ephezulu, kwaye yenza ukuba iphuhlisele kwi-miniaturization yomthamo omkhulu. I-air insulation ye-circuit breakers kunye ne-oyile kunye ne-insulation yephepha ye-transformers ithathelwe indawo nge-sulphur hexafluoride.

Ngeminyaka yee-1960, iireyini ezikwazi ukumelana nobushushu eziqulethe i-heterocyclic kunye nezangqa ezinuka kamnandi ziye zaphuhliswa kakhulu, ezifana ne-polyimide, i-polyaramide, i-polyarylsulfone, i-polyphenylene sulfide kunye nezinye izinto ezikwinqanaba le-H kunye namabakala aphezulu amelana nobushushu. Ukudityaniswa kwezi zixhobo zokumelana nobushushu kudale iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuphuhliswa kwe-F-class kunye ne-H-class motors kwixesha elizayo. Iifilimu zePolypropylene zisetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwii-capacitors zamandla ngeli xesha.

Ukusukela ngeminyaka yee-1970s, bekukho uphando oluncinci malunga nokuphuhliswa kwezinto ezintsha. Ngeli xesha, uhlengahlengiso olwahlukeneyo lwenziwa ikakhulu kwizinto ezikhoyo kwaye ububanzi besicelo bandiswa. Ioyile yokugquma izimbiwa zisulungekiswa ngeendlela ezintsha zokunciphisa ilahleko yazo; I-epoxy mica insulation yenze uphuculo oluninzi ekuphuculeni iimpawu zayo zomatshini kunye nokufezekisa akukho zithuba zomoya ukuphucula iimpawu zayo zombane. Inguqu ye-capacitors yamandla ukusuka kwi-paper-film composite structure ukuya kwisakhiwo esipheleleyo sefilimu. Iintambo zamandla ze-1000 kV UHV zaqala ukufunda ukutshintshwa kwephepha lemveli lefiber yendalo ngokugqunywa kwamaphepha okwenziwa. Izinto zokugquma ezingangcolisiyo ziphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1970, ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwe-isopropyl ephakathi kwe-isopropyl kunye ne-oyile ye-ester endaweni enetyhefu ephakathi kwe-biphenyl, kunye nokwandiswa kwepeyinti engenazinyibilikisi. Ngokuxhaphaka kwezixhobo zekhaya, iingozi ezinkulu zomlilo zivame ukuvela ngenxa yomlilo wezinto zabo zokukhusela, ngoko ke uphando kwizinto ezithintela ilangabi ziye zatsala ingqalelo.