Tsis ntev los no kev txhim kho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv insulating

Cov khoom siv insulating ntxov tshaj plaws yog cov khoom siv ntuj xws li paj rwb, silk, mica, thiab roj hmab. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub industrial hluavtaws yas phenolic resin thawj zaug tawm, uas muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo thiab ua haujlwm kub. Tom qab ntawd, urea-formaldehyde resins thiab alkyd resins nrog kev ua tau zoo dua tshwm sim ib zaug. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm trichlorobiphenyl hluavtaws insulating roj tau ua rau dhia hauv cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm lub hwj chim capacitors (tab sis nws tau raug tso tseg vim nws muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv). Sulfur hexafluoride kuj tau tsim nyob rau tib lub sijhawm.

Txij li thaum xyoo 1930s, cov khoom siv hluavtaws tau tsim sai heev, feem ntau suav nrog acetal resin, neoprene, polyvinyl chloride, styrene-butadiene roj hmab, polyamide, melamine, polyethylene thiab polytetrafluoroethylene, uas yog hu ua huab tais ntawm plastics nrog kev ua tau zoo. Tos. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws no tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov tshuab hluav taws xob. Piv txwv li, acetal enameled hlau yog siv rau hauv lub cev muaj zog los txhim kho nws cov kev ua haujlwm kub thiab kev ntseeg tau, thaum lub ntim thiab qhov hnyav ntawm lub cev muaj zog txo qis heev. Txoj kev vam meej ntawm cov iav fiber ntau thiab nws txoj siv braided thiab cov synthesis ntawm silicone resin tau ntxiv qhov kub tsis kam ntawm H chav kawm rau lub cev muaj zog.

Tom qab xyoo 1940, tsis muaj polyester thiab epoxy resin tuaj tawm. Cov tsos ntawm hmoov mica ntawv ua rau tib neeg tau tshem ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm daim ntawv mica.

Txij li thaum xyoo 1950, cov ntaub ntawv tshiab raws li cov khoom siv hluavtaws tau siv dav, xws li tsis muaj polyester thiab epoxy insulating adhesives rau impregnation ntawm high-voltage motor coils. Polyester series cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv lub cev muaj zog qhov hauv ob sab phlu rwb thaiv tsev, enameled hlau thiab impregnating kua roj vanish, thiab E-chav kawm thiab B-chav kawm ntawv uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob lub cev muaj zog rwb thaiv tsev tau tsim, uas ntxiv txo qhov ntim thiab hnyav ntawm lub cev muaj zog. Sulfur hexafluoride tau pib siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob high-voltage, thiab ua rau nws txhim kho mus rau qhov muaj peev xwm loj me me. Cov cua rwb thaiv tsev ntawm Circuit Court breakers thiab cov roj thiab ntawv rwb thaiv tsev ntawm transformers yog ib nrab hloov los ntawm sulfur hexafluoride.

Nyob rau xyoo 1960, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob uas muaj heterocyclic thiab cov nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab tau tsim zoo heev, xws li polyimide, polyaramide, polyarylsulfone, polyphenylene sulfide thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv uas yog H-theem thiab siab dua cov qib kub-resistant. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv cua sov no tau tsim cov xwm txheej zoo rau kev txhim kho F-chav kawm thiab H-class motors yav tom ntej. Polypropylene zaj duab xis kuj tau ua tiav siv lub hwj chim capacitors thaum lub sijhawm no.

Txij li xyoo 1970s, muaj qee qhov kev tshawb fawb txog kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, ntau yam kev hloov kho feem ntau yog ua rau cov ntaub ntawv uas twb muaj lawm thiab qhov kev thov tau nthuav dav. Mineral insulating roj yog refined los ntawm txoj kev tshiab los txo lawv cov kev poob; epoxy mica rwb thaiv tsev tau ua ntau yam kev txhim kho hauv kev txhim kho nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab ua tiav tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm huab cua los txhim kho nws cov khoom hluav taws xob. Fais fab capacitors hloov ntawm daim ntawv-film composite qauv mus rau tag nrho-film qauv. 1000 kV UHV fais fab cables pib kawm txog kev hloov cov ntaub ntawv ntuj fiber ntau nrog cov ntaub ntawv hluavtaws. Cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj kuab paug tsis muaj pov thawj kuj tau tsim sai heev txij li xyoo 1970, xws li kev siv cov tshuaj tsis muaj tshuaj lom nruab nrab isopropyl biphenyl thiab ester roj los hloov cov tshuaj lom nruab nrab chlorinated biphenyl, thiab nthuav tawm cov xim tsis muaj kuab lom. Nrog rau qhov nrov ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, kev sib tsoo hluav taws loj feem ntau tshwm sim vim qhov hluav taws kub ntawm lawv cov ntaub ntawv insulating, yog li kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau nyiam.