Opanga zitoliro za epoxy amafotokoza mawonekedwe azinthu zosiyanasiyana zotchingira:

Pali mitundu yambiri ya zipangizo zotetezera, yomwe ingagawidwe m’magulu atatu: gasi, madzi ndi olimba. Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikiza mpweya, nitrogen, ndi sulfure hexafluoride insulating PC mafilimu. Zida zotsekera zamadzimadzi zimaphatikizanso mafuta otsekera amchere ndi mafuta opangira mafuta (silicone mafuta, dodecylbenzene, polyisobutylene, isopropyl biphenyl, diarylethane, etc.). Zida zotetezera zolimba zitha kugawidwa m’magulu awiri: organic ndi inorganic. Zida zomangira zolimba za organic zimaphatikizapo utoto wotsekera, zomatira zomatira, mapepala otsekera, zotchingira ulusi, mapulasitiki, mphira, mapaipi opaka vanishi ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi ulusi, mafilimu amagetsi, zinthu zamagulu ndi zomatira, zomatira zamagetsi, ndi zina zambiri. Zida zomangira zolimba kwambiri za Inorganic olimba kwambiri monga mica, galasi, zoumba ndi mankhwala awo. Mosiyana ndi izi, zida zomangira zolimba ndizosiyanasiyana komanso zofunika kwambiri.

Zida zamagetsi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zotetezera. Zida zopangira zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zotsika kwambiri monga ma motors okwera kwambiri komanso zingwe zothamanga kwambiri zimafunikira kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu zosweka kwambiri komanso kuchepa kwa dielectric. Otsika-voteji zipangizo zamagetsi kutenga mphamvu mawotchi, elongation pa yopuma, kutentha kukana kalasi, etc. monga zofunika zazikulu.

Ma macroscopic azinthu zoteteza monga magetsi, kutentha, makina, kukana kwamankhwala, kukana kwanyengo, kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi zinthu zina ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi kapangidwe kake. Inorganic olimba insulating zipangizo makamaka wopangidwa ndi pakachitsulo, boron ndi zitsulo zosiyanasiyana okusayidi, makamaka ayoni dongosolo, mbali yaikulu ndi mkulu kutentha kukana, kutentha ntchito zambiri kuposa 180 ℃, bata wabwino, kukana kukalamba mumlengalenga, kukana Good mankhwala katundu ndi kukalamba kwa nthawi yayitali pansi pa ntchito ya magetsi; koma brittleness mkulu, mphamvu otsika mphamvu, kuthamanga kukana ndi kutsika kumakanika mphamvu; kusagwira bwino ntchito. Zida zakuthupi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ma polima okhala ndi kulemera kwa ma molekyulu pakati pa 104 ndi 106, ndipo kukana kwawo kutentha kumakhala kotsika poyerekeza ndi zinthu zakuthupi. Kutentha kwazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mphete zonunkhira, ma heterocycles ndi zinthu monga silikoni, titaniyamu, ndi fluorine ndizokwera kuposa zida za polima wamba.

Zinthu zofunika zomwe zimakhudza dielectric katundu wa insulating zipangizo ndi mphamvu ya molecular polarity ndi zili mu zigawo polar. Kutayika kosalekeza kwa dielectric ndi dielectric kwa zida za polar ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa zomwe sizikhala ndi polar, ndipo ndizosavuta kuyitanitsa ma ion onyansa kuti awonjezere ma conductivity ndikuchepetsa ma dielectric ake. Choncho, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa ku ukhondo popanga njira zopangira insulating pofuna kupewa kuipitsa. Ma dielectrics a capacitor amafunikira ma dielectric constants kuti apititse patsogolo mawonekedwe awo enieni.