Abavelisi bemibhobho ye-epoxy bachaza iimpawu zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokugquma:

Nazi iintlobo ezininzi zezinto zokugquma, ezinokuthi zihlulwe zibe ngamacandelo amathathu: igesi, ulwelo kunye neqinile. Izixhobo zokugquma igesi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka umoya, initrogen, kunye neefilim zePC zesulphur hexafluoride. Izinto zokugquma ulwelo ikakhulu ziquka i-oyile ye-mineral insulating oil kunye ne-synthetic insulating oil (ioli ye-silicone, i-dodecylbenzene, i-polyisobutylene, i-isopropyl biphenyl, i-diarylethane, njl.). Izinto zokugquma eziqinileyo zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amabini: eziphilayo kunye ne-inorganic. Izinto eziphilayo eziqinileyo zokugquma zibandakanya ipeyinti yokugquma, iglu, iphepha lokugquma, iimveliso zefiber, iiplastiki, irabha, imibhobho evanisiweyo enevanishi kunye neemveliso zefiber ezifakwe ngaphakathi, iifilimu zombane, iimveliso ezidityanisiweyo kunye neeteyiphu zokuncamathelisa, izixhobo zombane eziqinileyo, njl. ziquka imica, iglasi, iiseramikhi kunye neemveliso zabo. Ngokwahlukileyo, izinto zokukhusela eziqinileyo zihlukeneyo kwaye zibaluleke kakhulu.

Izixhobo zombane ezahlukeneyo zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kwezixhobo zokugquma. Izixhobo zokufakelwa kwezixhobo zombane eziphezulu ze-voltage ezifana ne-high-voltage motors kunye ne-high-voltage cables zifunekayo ukuba zibe namandla aphezulu okuphuka kunye nokulahlekelwa kwe-dielectric ephantsi. Izixhobo zombane ezine-voltage ephantsi zithatha amandla omatshini, ukunyuswa ngexesha lekhefu, ibakala lokumelana nobushushu, njl njl njengeemfuno eziphambili.

Iimpawu ze-macroscopic zezinto zokukhusela ezifana nezixhobo zombane, iipropati zokushisa, iimpawu zomatshini, ukuchasana kweekhemikhali, ukumelana nemozulu, ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nezinye iimpawu zihambelana ngokusondeleyo nokwakhiwa kweekhemikhali kunye nesakhiwo se-molecular. Izinto zokugquma eziqinileyo ze-inorganic zibandakanya i-silicon, i-boron kunye nee-oxide zetsimbi ezahlukeneyo, ubukhulu becala ubume be-ionic, eyona nto iphambili kukuxhathisa ubushushu obuphezulu, ubushushu bokusebenza bungaphezulu kwe-180 ℃, ukuzinza okuhle, ukuxhathisa ukuguga okusemoyeni, ukuxhathisa iipropati ezintle zeekhemikhali kunye ixesha elide lokuguga ukusebenza phantsi kwesenzo sentsimi yombane; kodwa i-brittleness ephezulu, amandla empembelelo ephantsi, ukuxhathisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye namandla aphantsi obunzima; umsebenzi wobugcisa obuthathaka. Izinto ze-Organic zidla ngokuba ziipolima ezinobunzima obuphakathi kwe-104 kunye ne-106, kwaye ukuxhathisa ubushushu buhlala buphantsi kunoko bezinto ezingaphiliyo. Ukuxhathisa ubushushu bezinto eziqulethe amakhonkco amnandi, i-heterocycles kunye nezinto ezifana ne-silicon, i-titanium, kunye ne-fluorine iphezulu kunemathiriyeli ye-polymer eqhelekileyo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela iipropathi ze-dielectric ze-insulating materials zinamandla e-molecular polarity kunye nomxholo wamacandelo e-polar. I-dielectric eqhubekayo kunye nokulahlekelwa kwe-dielectric yezinto ze-polar ziphezulu kunezo ze-non-polar materials, kwaye kulula ukubhengeza i-ion zokungcola ukunyusa i-conductivity kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu zayo ze-dielectric. Ngoko ke, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekucocekeni kwindlela yokuvelisa izinto zokukhusela ukukhusela ukungcola. I-Dielectrics ye-capacitors ifuna i-dielectric constants ephezulu ukuphucula iimpawu zabo ezithile.