- 09
- Feb
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a njerwa zopepuka zotenthetsera matenthedwe?
Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a njerwa zopepuka zotenthetsera matenthedwe?
Njerwa zonyezimira zopepuka zamafuta zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta komanso malo ogwirira ntchito movutikira, ndipo zinthu zambiri zimakhudza momwe amatenthera. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimakhudzana ndipo zimagwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kusanthula ndi kufufuza kukhala kovuta kuchita. Komabe, pakati pa zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza, kapangidwe kazinthu ndi kapangidwe kake, kukwanira kwa mpweya ndi kuthekera kwa mpweya, kachulukidwe wochuluka ndi kutentha kwa njerwa zopepuka zotenthetsera matenthedwe ndi zifukwa zazikulu.
Kapangidwe kazinthu ndi kapangidwe kake Kapangidwe kake kamchere ndi kapangidwe ka crystalline kazinthuzo ndizinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza matenthedwe a njerwa zonyezimira zopepuka. Nthawi zambiri, mawonekedwe a kristalo a njerwa opepuka otchinjiriza, m’pamene amatsitsa matenthedwe ake. Gawo lolimba la chinthu likhoza kugawidwa kukhala gawo la crystalline ndi gawo la galasi. Chifukwa cha kugwedezeka ndi kugundana, ma atomu (ma ion) amasamutsa mphamvu ya kinetic kuchokera ku maatomu (mayoni) okhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya kinetic kupita ku ma atomu ena (mayoni) okhala ndi mphamvu yotsika ya kinetic, ndipo ma atomu (mayoni) omwe ali mugawo lagalasi amakonzedwa mwadongosolo. kotero Kukaniza komwe kumakumana nako pakuyenda ndikwapamwamba kuposa dongosolo ladongosolo la magawo a kristalo. Choncho, kutentha kwa gawo la galasi ndi kochepa kuposa gawo la crystalline. Komabe, kutentha kukafika pamlingo wina, kukhuthala kwa gawo lagalasi kumachepa, kukana kusuntha kwa ma atomu (mayoni) kumachepa, ndikuwonjezera kutentha kwa gawo lagalasi. Koma gawo la crystalline ndilosiyana. Kutentha kumakwera, mphamvu ya kinetic ya ma atomu (mayoni) imawonjezeka ndipo kugwedezeka kumawonjezeka, kotero kuti njira yaulere imafupikitsidwa ndipo kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kumachepa. Mu mawonekedwe amkati a njerwa zowunikira kuwala, gawo lolimba limasiyanitsidwa ndi ma pores ambiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo kusamutsa kokhazikika kokhazikika sikungapangidwe potengera kutentha. Kutengerapo kutentha kwa gawo la gasi kumalowa m’malo ambiri agawo lolimba lotengera kutentha, kotero kuwongolera kutentha The coefficient ndi yotsika kwambiri.
The porosity ndi porosity wa refractories ndi pore makhalidwe ndi inversely molingana ndi matenthedwe madutsidwe coefficient, ndi matenthedwe madutsidwe coefficient amakwera linearly ndi kuwonjezeka porosity. Panthawi imeneyi, ntchito ya njerwa zopepuka zotchinjiriza ndizodziwika kwambiri. Koma pamene porosity ndi yofanana, ang’onoang’ono pore kukula, yunifolomu kugawa, ndipo m’munsi matenthedwe conductivity. M’mabowo ang’onoang’ono, mpweya wa pores umalowa m’makoma a pore, kutentha kwa matenthedwe mu pores kumachepetsedwa, ndipo kutentha kwa mawotchi kumachepa. Komabe, kukula kwa dzenje la mpweya kumawonjezeka, kutentha kwa mpweya pa khoma lamkati la dzenje la mpweya ndi kutentha kwa mpweya mu mpweya wa mpweya kumawonjezeka, ndipo matenthedwe amatenthedwe amawonjezeka. Malinga ndi mabuku oyenera, pamene kutentha kwa kutentha kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, makamaka pamene pores yaitali amapangidwa mu njira ya jet, ma pores ang’onoang’ono nthawi zambiri amatulutsa zotsatira za kutentha. Nthawi zina, kutentha kwa chinthu chimodzi cha pore ndipamwamba kuposa cha mankhwala omwe ali ndi pores. Chochitika cha kukhala chotentha. The matenthedwe madutsidwe pores chatsekedwa ndi ang’onoang’ono kuposa lotseguka pores.
The matenthedwe madutsidwe njerwa matenthedwe kutchinjiriza ndi opepuka chochuluka kachulukidwe ali ndi liniya ubale ndi chochuluka kachulukidwe, ndiye kuti, monga chochuluka kachulukidwe kuchulukana, ndi matenthedwe madutsidwe amachulukirachulukira. Kuchulukana kwa voliyumu kumawonetseratu porosity yamkati ya njerwa yopepuka yotchinjiriza. Kuchepa kwapang’onopang’ono kumasonyeza kuti pali ma pores ambiri mkati mwa mankhwala, malo okhudzana pakati pa tinthu tating’onoting’ono tating’onoting’ono amachepetsedwa, gawo lolimba la kutentha kwapakati limachepetsedwa, ndipo kutentha kwapakati kumachepetsedwa.
The matenthedwe madutsidwe wa kuwala-kutentha kutentha kutchinjiriza njerwa ali liniya ubale ndi kutentha, ndiko kuti, madutsidwe matenthedwe kumawonjezera ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha. Poyerekeza ndi wandiweyani refractory zipangizo, matenthedwe madutsidwe njerwa opepuka kutchinjiriza amachepetsa ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha. Chifukwa chake n’chakuti zowuma zowuma kwambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito kutentha mugawo lolimba. Kutentha kumakwera, kusuntha kwamafuta kwa mamolekyu azinthu kumakulirakulira, ndipo kutulutsa kwamafuta kumawonjezeka. Kapangidwe ka njerwa zopepuka zotchinjiriza zimayendetsedwa ndi gawo la gasi (65 ~ 78%). Kutentha kumakwera, kusintha kwa kutentha kwa matenthedwe kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi gawo lolimba.