Indlela yokukhetha izitena ezikhanyelayo kwindawo nganye yeziko eliqhumayo?

i-blast furnace yi-pyrometallurgical furnace enkulu esebenzisa i-coke ukunciphisa i-iron ore ukunyibilikisa isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo. Iqondo lokushisa, uxinzelelo, iipropati ezibonakalayo kunye neekhemikhali kunye neemeko ezinzima zokusebenza kwe-lining kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezahlukeneyo zesithando somlilo zihluke. Ngoko ke, indlela kunye neemeko zokungaphumeleli kwe-lining nazo zihluke, kwaye ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphikisayo kuhluke ngokwemvelo.

① Umqala wesithando somlilo

blast furnace throat ngumqala wesithando somlilo, sonakaliswa lula yimpembelelo kunye nokukhuhlana ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvala. I-Masonry ngokuqhelekileyo yakhiwe ngobunzima obuphezulu, izitena eziphezulu ze-aluminiyam, kwaye zikhuselwe ngoonogada bentsimbi abangagugiyo.

②Umzimba wesitovu

Umzimba wesithando somlilo yinxalenye evela kumqala wesithando ukuya phakathi kwesinqe somlilo, esahlulwe kwiindawo ezintathu: phezulu, phakathi nangaphantsi. Umgangatho ophakathi kunye nophezulu we-lining yesithando somlilo ugqitywe kwaye ugqweswe yimpahla ewelayo kunye nokunyuka kwe-air-containing flow flow, kwaye umonakalo ulula. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, izitena ezikhethekileyo zodongwe, izitena zodongwe ezixineneyo, kunye nezitena eziphezulu ze-alumina kunye nomxholo ophantsi we-Fe2O3 wamahhala unokusebenzisa kwakhona i-amorphous refractories yodongwe. Inxalenye engezantsi yomzimba wesithando somlilo inokushisa okuphezulu kwaye inani elikhulu le-slag lenziwa. I-slag idibanisa ngokuthe ngqo kunye nomgangatho wesithando somlilo, kwaye i-furnace lining yonakaliswa ngokukhawuleza. I-Masonry ngokubanzi ikhetha izitena zodongwe ezihlangeneyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu okanye izitena eziphezulu ze-alumina ezinokumelana nomlilo okulungileyo, ukuxhathisa kwe-slag, amandla okushisa aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba. Inxalenye engezantsi yeshaft enkulu yesithando somlilo isebenzisa izitena eziphezulu ze-alumina, izitena ze-corundum, izitena zekhabhoni okanye izitena ze-silicon carbide.

③Iziko esinqeni

Isinqe yeyona ndawo ibanzi yesithando somlilo. Ukhukuliseko lweekhemikhali ze-slag, umphunga wesinyithi we-alkali, kunye nokukhuhlana kunye nokunxiba kwe-blanking kunye nobushushu obuphezulu be-coke kumphezulu we-lining yesithando somlilo kubi kakhulu, okwenza kube yenye yezona ndawo zisengozini yesithando somlilo. Amaziko aphakathi kunye namancinci aqhumayo anokusebenzisa izitena zodongwe ezixineneyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, izitena eziphezulu ze-alumina, kunye nezitena zecorundum; Izitena ezinkulu zanamhlanje eziqhumayo zihlala zisebenzisa izitena eziphezulu ze-alumina, izitena ze-corundum okanye izitena ze-silicon carbide, kunye nezitena zekhabhoni nazo zinokusetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa.

④Isisu sesitovu

Isisu sesithando somlilo sifumaneka ngaphantsi kwesinqe sesithando somlilo kwaye sinemilo ye-cone eguqulweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isithando somlilo siphantse sonakaliswe ngokupheleleyo emva kokuba sivulwe. Ngoko ke, izitena eziphezulu ze-alumina (Al2O3<70%) kunye nezitena ze-corundum zisetyenziswa kwiziko. Izitena zekhabhoni, i-graphite petroleum coke, i-graphite anthracite kunye nezinye izitena ze-semi-graphite zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiziko elikhulu langoku lokuqhushumba.

⑤ Iziko

Iziko lichatshazelwa kakhulu lukhukuliseko lwekhemikhali, ukhukuliseko kunye nokhukuliseko lwealkali lwe-slag etyhidiweyo kunye nentsimbi etyhidiweyo. Emazantsi eziko, intsimbi enyibilikisiweyo ingena kwiintanda zezitena, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isixhobo esiphikisayo sidadayo kwaye sonakaliswe. I-masonry ngokubanzi isebenzisa izitena zekhabhoni ezinokumelana nomlilo ophezulu, amandla aphezulu obushushu obuphezulu, ukuxhathisa okulungileyo kwe-slag, i-conductivity eyomeleleyo ye-thermal, ubuninzi obukhulu kunye nokuzinza kwevolumu elungileyo.