Indlela ukukhetha izitini ezikhanyisayo ingxenye ngayinye yesithando somlilo?

I-blast furnace iyisithando somlilo esikhulu se-pyrometallurgical esebenzisa i-coke ukunciphisa insimbi encibilikisiwe. Izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, izakhiwo zomzimba kanye namakhemikhali kanye nezimo zokusebenza ezinzima zolwelwesi ezindaweni eziphakeme ezihlukene zesithando somlilo zihlukile. Ngakho-ke, indlela kanye nezimo zokuhluleka kwe-lining nazo zihlukile, futhi ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphikisayo kuhlukile ngokwemvelo.

① Umphimbo Wokuvutha

i-blast furnace throat umphimbo wesithando somlilo, owonakaliswa kalula umthelela nokungqubuzana phakathi nenqubo yokuvala. I-masonry ngokuvamile yakhiwa ngobulukhuni obuphezulu, izitini eziphezulu ze-aluminium, futhi ivikelwe onogada bensimbi abangagugi.

②Umzimba wesitofu

Umzimba wesithando somlilo uyingxenye esuka emphinjeni womlilo kuze kube maphakathi okhalweni lwesithando somlilo, ohlukaniswe ezindaweni ezintathu: phezulu, phakathi nendawo nangaphansi. Ulwelwesi oluphakathi nendawo olungaphezulu lwelayini lwesithando somlilo lugqokwa futhi ludliwe yizinto eziwayo kanye nokugeleza komoya okuqukethe uthuli olukhuphukayo, futhi umonakalo ulula uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, izitini zobumba ezikhethekile, izitini zobumba eziminyene, nezitini eziphakeme ze-alumina ezinokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-Fe2O3 yamahhala nazo zingasebenzisa i-clay amorphous refractories. Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba wesithando somlilo inokushisa okuphezulu futhi kwakhiwa inani elikhulu le-slag. I-slag ithintana ngqo nobuso bendwangu yesithando somlilo, futhi uhlaka lwesithando somlilo lonakaliswa ngokushesha. I-Masonry ngokuvamile ikhetha izitini zobumba ezihlangene ezisezingeni eliphezulu noma izitini eziphakeme ze-alumina ezinokumelana okuhle nomlilo, ukumelana ne-slag, amandla esakhiwo okushisa aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqoka. Ingxenye engezansi yomgodi omkhulu wesithando somlilo isebenzisa izitini eziphakeme ze-alumina, izitini ze-corundum, izitini ze-carbon noma izitini ze-silicon carbide.

③Okhalo lwesithando somlilo

Ukhalo luyingxenye ebanzi kakhulu yesithando somlilo esiqhumayo. Ukuguguleka kwamakhemikhali e-slag, umhwamuko wensimbi ye-alkali, ukungqubuzana nokuguga kwe-coke engenalutho kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphakeme phezu kolayini lwesithando kubi kakhulu, okuyenza ibe enye yezingxenye ezisengozini kakhulu zesithando somlilo esiqhumayo. Iziqhumiso eziqhumayo ezimaphakathi nezincane zingasebenzisa izitini zobumba eziminyene zekhwalithi ephezulu, izitini eziphakeme ze-alumina, nezitini ze-corundum; izindawo ezinkulu zesimanje eziqhumayo ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izitini eziphakeme ze-alumina, izitini ze-corundum noma izitini ze-silicon carbide, nezitini ze-carbon nazo zingasetshenziselwa ukwakha.

④Isisu sesitofu

Isisu sesithando somlilo sitholakala ngezansi okhalo lwesithando somlilo futhi sinesimo sekhoni ehlanekezelwe. Ngokuvamile, isithando somlilo esiqhumayo sicishe sonakaliswe ngokuphelele ngemva nje kokuvulwa. Ngakho-ke, izitini eziphezulu ze-alumina (Al2O3<70%) nezitini ze-corundum zisetshenziswa eziko. Izitini zekhabhoni, i-graphite petroleum coke, i-graphite anthracite nezinye izitini ze-semi-graphite zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezithandweni zokuqhuma ezinkulu zesimanje.

⑤ Iziko

Iziko lithinteka kakhulu ukuguguleka kwamakhemikhali, ukuguguleka nokuguguleka kwe-alkali kwe-slag encibilikisiwe nensimbi encibilikisiwe. Phansi kwesithando somlilo, insimbi encibilikisiwe ingena emifantwini yezitini, ibangele ukuba into ephikisayo intante futhi ilimale. I-masonry ngokuvamile isebenzisa izitini ze-carbon ezinokumelana nomlilo ophezulu, amandla aphezulu okushisa aphezulu, ukumelana okuhle kwe-slag, ukuqhutshwa kokushisa okuqinile, ukuminyana kwenqwaba kanye nokuzinza kwevolumu enhle.