Game da rarrabuwa na insulating kayan

Akwai nau’ikan kayan rufewa da yawa, waɗanda za’a iya karkasu kusan kashi uku: iskar gas, ruwa, da ƙarfi. Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su na rufe gas sun haɗa da iska, nitrogen, da sulfur hexafluoride mai hana fim ɗin PC. Abubuwan da ke hana ruwa ruwa sun haɗa da mai mai hana ma’adinai da mai mai hana ruwa (man siliki, dodecylbenzene, polyisobutylene, isopropyl biphenyl, diarylethan, da sauransu). Za a iya raba ƙaƙƙarfan kayan rufewa zuwa nau’i biyu: Organic da inorganic. Kayayyakin daɗaɗɗen insulating na Organic sun haɗa da fenti, insulating manne, insulating paper, insulating fiber kayayyakin, robobi, roba, varnished zanen fenti da insulating impregnated fiber kayayyakin, lantarki fina-finan, hadaddun kayayyakin da m tef, da lantarki laminates. Inorganic insulating kayan sun haɗa da mica, gilashi, yumbu da samfuran su. Sabanin haka, iri-iri na daskararrun kayan rufewa kuma shine mafi mahimmanci.

Kayan aikin lantarki daban-daban suna da buƙatu daban-daban akan aikin kayan rufewa. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin kayan aikin lantarki masu ƙarfin lantarki irin su na’urori masu ƙarfin lantarki da ƙananan igiyoyi suna buƙatar samun ƙarfin rushewa da ƙananan asarar dielectric. Na’urorin lantarki masu ƙarancin ƙarfi suna amfani da ƙarfin injina, haɓakawa a lokacin hutu, da ƙimar juriya na zafi azaman babban buƙatun su.

Abubuwan macroscopic na kayan rufewa kamar kayan lantarki, kaddarorin thermal, kaddarorin inji, juriya na sinadarai, juriya na canjin yanayi, da juriya na lalata suna da alaƙa da haɗin gwiwar sinadarai da tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta. Inorganic m insulating kayan an yafi hada da silicon, boron da iri-iri na karfe oxides, tare da ionic tsarin a matsayin babban siffa. Babban fasalin shine babban juriya na zafi. The aiki zafin jiki ne kullum mafi girma fiye da 180 ℃, mai kyau kwanciyar hankali, yanayi tsufa juriya, da kuma Good sinadaran Properties da dogon lokacin da tsufa yi a karkashin aikin lantarki filin; amma high brittleness, low tasiri juriya, high matsa lamba juriya da low tensile ƙarfi; matalauta masana’antu. Kayayyakin halitta gabaɗaya polymers ne tare da matsakaicin nauyin kwayoyin halitta tsakanin 104 da 106, kuma juriyar zafinsu gabaɗaya ƙasa da na kayan da ba a haɗa su ba. Juriya na zafi na kayan da ke dauke da zoben kamshi, heterocycles da abubuwa kamar silicon, titanium, da fluorine ya fi na kayan polymer na gabaɗaya.

Mahimman abubuwan da ke shafar kaddarorin dielectric na kayan rufewa sune ƙarfin polarity na kwayoyin halitta da abun ciki na sassan polar. A dielectric akai-akai da dielectric asarar iyakacin duniya kayan ne mafi girma fiye da na wadanda ba iyakacin duniya kayan, da kuma yana da sauki adsorb najasa ions ƙara conductivity da kuma rage dielectric Properties. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a ba da hankali ga tsaftacewa yayin aikin masana’anta na kayan da aka rufe don hana gurbatawa. The capacitor dielectric na bukatar babban dielectric akai don inganta takamaiman halaye.