Banyere nhazi nke ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi

Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị ihe mkpuchi, nke enwere ike kewaa nke ọma ụzọ atọ: gas, mmiri mmiri na siri ike. Ihe mkpuchi gas a na-ejikarị gụnyere ikuku, nitrogen, na sọlfọ hexafluoride na-ekpuchi ihe nkiri PC. Ihe mkpuchi mmiri na-agụnyekarị mmanụ mkpuchi ịnweta na mmanụ sịntetik (mmanụ silicone, dodecylbenzene, polyisobutylene, isopropyl biphenyl, diarylethan, wdg). Enwere ike kewaa ihe mkpuchi siri ike ụzọ abụọ: organic na inorganic. Ihe mkpuchi siri ike nke Organic na-agụnye agba mkpuchi mkpuchi, gluu mkpuchi, akwụkwọ mkpuchi, ngwaahịa eriri, rọba, rọba, ọkpọkọ agba akwa varnish na ngwaahịa fiber na-egbochi ihe, ihe nkiri eletrik, ngwaahịa ngwakọta na teepu nrapado, na laminates eletrik. Ihe mkpuchi siri ike nke inorganic gụnyere mica, iko, ceramik na ngwaahịa ha. N’ụzọ dị iche, ụdị ihe mkpuchi siri ike dị iche iche bụkwa ihe kachasị mkpa.

Ngwá ọrụ eletrik dị iche iche nwere ihe dị iche iche chọrọ na arụmọrụ nke ihe mkpuchi. Ihe mkpuchi ihe eji eme ihe na ngwa eletriki eletrik dị elu dị ka moto voltaji na eriri voltaji dị elu chọrọ ka ọ nwee ike nkwụsịtụ dị elu na ọnwụ dielectric dị ala. Ngwa eletriki dị ala na-eji ike arụ ọrụ, elongation na nkwụsịtụ, na ọkwa nguzogide okpomọkụ dị ka isi ihe ha chọrọ.

Ngwongwo macroscopic nke ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi dị ka ihe ọkụ eletrik, ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ, ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe, nguzogide kemịkalụ, nguzogide mgbanwe ihu igwe, na nguzogide corrosion nwere njikọ chiri anya na ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ ya na usoro ihe omimi ya. Ihe mkpuchi siri ike nke inorganic bụ silicon, boron na ọtụtụ oxides metal dị iche iche, yana usoro ionic dị ka isi ihe mejupụtara ya. Isi ihe dị na ya bụ oke okpomọkụ na-eguzogide. The arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ bụ n’ozuzu ukwuu karịa 180 ℃, ezi nkwụsi ike, ikuku ịka nká na-eguzogide, na Good chemical Njirimara na ogologo oge ịka nká arụmọrụ n’okpuru edinam nke electric ubi; ma elu brittleness, obere mmetụta na-eguzogide, elu nrụgide na-eguzogide na ala tensile ike; adịghị mma nrụpụta. Ihe ndị e kere eke na-abụkarị polymers nwere nkezi molekụla ịdị arọ n’etiti 104 na 106, na nguzogide okpomọkụ ha na-adịkarị ala karịa nke ihe inorganic. Nguzogide okpomọkụ nke ihe nwere mgbanaka aromatic, heterocycles na ihe ndị dị ka silicon, titanium, na fluorine dị elu karịa nke ihe polymer linear general.

Ihe ndị dị mkpa na-emetụta ihe ndị dị na dielectric nke ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi bụ ike nke polarity molecular na ọdịnaya nke polar components. The dielectric mgbe nile na dielectric ọnwụ nke pola ihe dị elu karịa nke ndị na-abụghị polar ihe, na ọ dị mfe adsorb adịghị ọcha ion ka mụbaa conductivity na ibelata dielectric Njirimara. Ya mere, ekwesịrị ịṅa ntị na nhicha n’oge a na-emepụta ihe ndị na-ekpuchi ihe iji gbochie mmetọ. The capacitor dielectric chọrọ dielectric dị elu mgbe niile iji melite njirimara ya.