Mabapi le ho hlophisoa ha thepa ea ho itšireletsa

Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa tse sireletsang mocheso, tse ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e meraro: khase, metsi le tse tiileng. Lisebelisuoa tse sireletsang khase tse sebelisoang hangata li kenyelletsa moea, naetrojene, le sulfur hexafluoride insulating PC film. Lisebelisoa tse sireletsang metsi haholo-holo li kenyelletsa oli e sireletsang liminerale le oli ea maiketsetso (oli ea silicone, dodecylbenzene, polyisobutylene, isopropyl biphenyl, diarylethane, joalo-joalo). Lisebelisoa tse tiileng tsa insulating li ka aroloa ka mefuta e ‘meli: organic le inorganic. Lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho tse tiileng tsa insulate li kenyelletsa pente e sireletsang, sekhomaretsi se sireletsang, pampiri e sireletsang, lihlahisoa tsa fiber tse sireletsang, lipolasetiki, rabara, lipeipi tsa pente ea lesela le nang le li-varnish le lihlahisoa tsa fiber tse kentsoeng, lifilimi tsa motlakase, lihlahisoa tse kopantsoeng le litheipi tse khomarelang, le laminate tsa motlakase. Thepa ea inorganic solid solid insulating haholo-holo e kenyelletsa mica, likhalase, lirafshoa le lihlahisoa tsa tsona. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa tse tiileng tsa ho tiisa le tsona ke tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa.

Lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa motlakase li na le litlhoko tse fapaneng mabapi le ts’ebetso ea lisebelisoa tsa insulating. Lisebelisoa tse sireletsang tse sebelisoang ka thepa ea motlakase ea matla a phahameng joalo ka li-motor tse nang le matla a phahameng le likhoele tse matla haholo li hlokahala hore li be le matla a ho senya le tahlehelo e tlase ea dielectric. Lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse nang le matla a tlase li sebelisa matla a mochini, bolelele nakong ea khefu, le boemo ba ho hanyetsa mocheso joalo ka litlhoko tsa tsona tsa mantlha.

Thepa ea macroscopic ea thepa e sireletsang joalo ka thepa ea motlakase, thepa ea mocheso, thepa ea mochini, khanyetso ea lik’hemik’hale, khanyetso ea phetoho ea maemo a leholimo le ho hanyetsa kutu li amana haholo le sebopeho sa eona sa lik’hemik’hale le sebopeho sa limolek’hule. Lisebelisoa tsa inorganic solid insulating li entsoe haholo ka silicon, boron le mefuta e fapaneng ea li-oxide tsa tšepe, tse nang le sebopeho sa ionic e le tšobotsi ea mantlha. Ntho e ka sehloohong ke ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng. Thempereichara ea ho sebetsa ka kakaretso e kholo ho feta 180 ℃, botsitso bo botle, ho hanyetsa botsofali ba sepakapaka, le thepa e ntle ea lik’hemik’hale le ts’ebetso ea nako e telele ea botsofali tlas’a ts’ebetso ea tšimo ea motlakase; empa brittleness e phahameng, ho hanyetsa tšusumetso e tlaase, ho hanyetsa khatello e phahameng le matla a tlaase a matla; bofokodi ba tlhahiso. Lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho hangata ke li-polymers tse nang le boima ba molek’hule pakeng tsa 104 le 106, ‘me mocheso oa tsona o hanyetsa mocheso hangata o tlase ho feta oa thepa ea tlhaho. Ho hanyetsa mocheso oa thepa e nang le mehele e nkhang hamonate, li-heterocycles le likarolo tse kang silicon, titanium, le fluorine e phahame ho feta ea lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa polymer.

Lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse amang thepa ea dielectric ea thepa ea ho itšireletsa ke matla a polarity ea molek’hule le likarolo tsa likarolo tsa polar. Tahlehelo ea kamehla ea dielectric le dielectric ea thepa ea polar e phahame ho feta ea lisebelisoa tse seng tsa polar, ‘me ho bonolo ho adsorb li-ion tse litšila ho eketsa conductivity le ho fokotsa thepa ea eona ea dielectric. Ka hona, tlhokomelo e lokela ho lefshoa ho hloekisa nakong ea ts’ebetso ea tlhahiso ea thepa e sireletsang ho thibela tšilafalo. The capacitor dielectric e hloka hore ho be le dielectric e phahameng kamehla ho ntlafatsa litšobotsi tsa eona tse khethehileng.