Hais txog kev faib cov ntaub ntawv insulating

Muaj ntau ntau hom ntaub ntawv insulating, uas tuaj yeem faib ua peb pawg: roj, kua, thiab khoom. Feem ntau siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj xws li cua, nitrogen, thiab sulfur hexafluoride insulating PC zaj duab xis. Cov ntaub ntawv insulating kua feem ntau suav nrog cov roj ntxhia insulating roj thiab cov roj hluavtaws hluavtaws (silicone roj, dodecylbenzene, polyisobutylene, isopropyl biphenyl, diarylethane, thiab lwm yam). Cov khoom siv insulating tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: organic thiab inorganic. Organic khoom insulating cov ntaub ntawv muaj xws li insulating xim, insulating kua nplaum, insulating ntawv, insulating fiber ntau cov khoom, yas, roj hmab, varnished daim ntaub xim kav thiab insulating impregnated fiber khoom, hluav taws xob films, composite khoom thiab nplaum tapes, thiab hluav taws xob laminates. Inorganic khoom insulating cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau suav nrog mica, iav, ceramics thiab lawv cov khoom. Hauv qhov sib piv, ntau yam khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv muaj qhov xav tau sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv insulating. Rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv siv nyob rau hauv high-voltage hluav taws xob cov cuab yeej xws li high-voltage motors thiab high-voltage cables yuav tsum tau muaj siab tawg zog thiab tsawg dielectric poob. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob siv lub zog, elongation ntawm kev tawg, thiab qib kub ua haujlwm raws li lawv cov kev xav tau tseem ceeb.

Cov khoom macroscopic ntawm insulating cov ntaub ntawv xws li hluav taws xob, thermal zog, mechanical zog, tshuaj tsis haum, kev hloov huab cua tsis kam, thiab corrosion kuj yog ze rau nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov qauv molecular. Inorganic khoom insulating cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm silicon, boron thiab ntau yam hlau oxides, nrog ionic qauv ua lub ntsiab feature. Lub ntsiab feature yog kub kub kuj. Kev ua haujlwm kub yog feem ntau siab dua 180 ℃, ruaj khov zoo, atmospheric aging kuj, thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo thiab kev laus ua haujlwm ntev hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm hluav taws xob; tab sis siab brittleness, tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis kam, siab ua haujlwm siab thiab tsis muaj zog tensile; tsis zoo manufacturability. Organic cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau yog cov polymers nrog qhov nruab nrab molecular hnyav ntawm 104 thiab 106, thiab lawv cov cua sov kuj feem ntau qis dua li cov ntaub ntawv inorganic. Lub tshav kub tsis kam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab, heterocycles thiab cov khoom xws li silicon, titanium, thiab fluorine yog siab dua li cov ntaub ntawv linear polymer.

Cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau dielectric zog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv insulating yog lub zog ntawm molecular polarity thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov polar Cheebtsam. Lub dielectric tas li thiab dielectric poob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polar yog siab dua li ntawm cov khoom tsis-polar, thiab nws yooj yim rau adsorb impurity ions kom nce conductivity thiab txo nws cov dielectric zog. Yog li ntawd, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them rau kev tu thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov khoom siv insulating kom tsis txhob muaj kuab paug. Lub capacitor dielectric yuav tsum muaj lub siab dielectric tas li los txhim kho nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb.