Ponena za gulu la insulating zipangizo

Pali mitundu yambiri ya zipangizo zotetezera, zomwe zingathe kugawidwa m’magulu atatu: gasi, madzi, ndi olimba. Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mpweya, nayitrogeni, ndi sulfure hexafluoride insulating PC film. Zida zotsekera zamadzimadzi zimaphatikizanso mafuta otsekera amchere ndi mafuta opangira mafuta (silicone mafuta, dodecylbenzene, polyisobutylene, isopropyl biphenyl, diarylethane, etc.). Zida zotetezera zolimba zitha kugawidwa m’mitundu iwiri: organic ndi inorganic. Zida zomangira zolimba za organic zimaphatikizapo utoto wotsekera, zomatira zomatira, mapepala otsekereza, zinthu zotsekera, mapulasitiki, mphira, mapaipi opaka utoto wa vanishi ndi zinthu zotsekera, makanema amagetsi, zinthu zophatikizika ndi matepi omatira, ndi malawi amagetsi. Inorganic zolimba zotetezera makamaka mica, galasi, zitsulo zadothi ndi mankhwala awo. Mosiyana ndi izi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zolimba zolimba ndizofunikanso kwambiri.

Zida zamagetsi zosiyana zimakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyana pa ntchito ya zipangizo zotetezera. Zida zotetezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zamagetsi zothamanga kwambiri monga ma motor-voltage motors ndi zingwe zothamanga kwambiri zimafunika kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu zowonongeka komanso kuchepa kwa dielectric. Zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zotsika kwambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamakina, kutalika kwa nthawi yopuma, komanso kukana kutentha monga zofunikira zawo zazikulu.

Ma macroscopic azinthu zotsekereza monga magetsi, kutentha, makina, kukana kwamankhwala, kukana kusintha kwa nyengo, komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi kapangidwe kake. Inorganic zolimba zotchingira zinthu zimapangidwa makamaka ndi pakachitsulo, boron ndi zosiyanasiyana zitsulo oxides, ndi kapangidwe ayoni monga mbali yaikulu. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kukana kutentha kwakukulu. Kutentha kwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa 180 ℃, kukhazikika bwino, kukana kukalamba kwamlengalenga, ndi katundu wabwino wamankhwala komanso magwiridwe antchito anthawi yayitali pansi pamagetsi; koma brittleness mkulu, kukana otsika, kukana kuthamanga kwambiri ndi kutsika kwamphamvu mphamvu; kusapangana bwino. Zida zakuthupi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ma polima okhala ndi kulemera kwa ma molekyulu pakati pa 104 ndi 106, ndipo kukana kwawo kutentha kumakhala kotsika kwambiri kuposa kwazinthu zakuthupi. Kutentha kwazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mphete zonunkhira, ma heterocycles ndi zinthu monga silikoni, titaniyamu, ndi fluorine ndizokwera kuposa zida za polima wamba.

Zinthu zofunika zomwe zimakhudza dielectric katundu wa insulating zipangizo ndi mphamvu ya molecular polarity ndi zili mu zigawo polar. Kutayika kwa dielectric kosalekeza ndi dielectric kwa zida za polar ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa zomwe sizikhala ndi polar, ndipo ndizosavuta kutsatsa ma ion odetsedwa kuti awonjezere ma conductivity ndikuchepetsa ma dielectric ake. Choncho, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa pa kuyeretsa panthawi yopangira zida zotetezera kuti zisawonongeke. The capacitor dielectric imafuna dielectric yokhazikika kuti isinthe mawonekedwe ake enieni.