Momwe mungamangire njerwa zapamwamba za alumina?

Zingwe za njerwa zapamwamba za alumini zimagawidwa m’magulu anayi molingana ndi kukula kwa njerwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito yabwino. Gulu ndi kukula kwa njerwa zolumikizira ndi motsatana: Ⅰ ≤0.5mm; Ⅱ ≤1mm; Ⅲ ≤2mm; Ⅳ ≤3 mm. Dothi lamoto liyenera kudzaza m’magulu amatope a njerwa, ndipo njerwa zamkati ndi kunja kwa zigawo zakumwamba ndi zapansi ziyenera kugwedezeka.

Mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kutsatiridwa pokonzekera matope omangira njerwa.

2.1 Asanamange njerwa, ma slurries osiyanasiyana okana ayenera kuyesedwa kale ndikumangidwiratu kuti adziwe nthawi yomangira, nthawi yokhazikitsa, kusasinthasintha komanso kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amitundu yosiyanasiyana.

2.2 Zida zosiyanasiyana ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza matope osiyanasiyana ndikutsukidwa munthawi yake.

2.3 Madzi aukhondo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza matope amtundu wosiyana, kuchuluka kwa madzi ayenera kuyezedwa molondola, ndi kusakaniza kukhala kofanana, ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati pakufunika. Dothi la hydraulic ndi mpweya wouma lomwe lakonzedwa sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madzi, komanso matope omwe adayikidwa poyamba sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

2.4 Pokonza matope omangidwa ndi phosphate, onetsetsani nthawi yomwe mwatchera msampha, ndikusintha momwe mukugwiritsira ntchito. Matope okonzeka sayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi mwachisawawa. Chifukwa cha kuwononga kwake, matopewa sayenera kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi chipolopolo chachitsulo.

Malowa ayenera kuyang’aniridwa bwino ndi kuyeretsedwa nsanja ya njerwa isanamangidwe.

Kumanga njerwa kusanamangidwe, mzerewo uyenera kuikidwa, ndipo kukula ndi kukwera kwa gawo lililonse la zomangamanga ziyenera kufufuzidwa molingana ndi zojambula zojambula.

Zofunikira pakumanga njerwa ndi izi: njerwa zolimba ndi njerwa, zolumikizira njerwa zowongoka, zozungulira zowongoka bwino, njerwa zotsekera, malo abwino, osagwedera ndi kukhetsa, ndipo zomanga zimayenera kukhala zathyathyathya komanso zoyima. Njerwa za aluminiyamu zapamwamba ziyenera kuyikidwa m’malo olumikizirana. Matope a m’mphambano za njerwa zomangira njerwa ayenera kukhala odzaza ndi pamwamba pake alumikizane.

Kukonzekera kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njerwa zapamwamba za alumina kumayendetsedwa molingana ndi dongosolo la mapangidwe. Mukayala njerwa, kudzaza kwa matope amoto kumafunika kupitirira 95%, ndipo zolumikizira za njerwa zapansi ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi slurry yoyambirira, koma matope ochulukirapo pamiyala ya njerwa ayenera kuchotsedwa munthawi yake.

Poyala njerwa, zida zosinthika monga nyundo zamatabwa, nyundo za mphira kapena nyundo zolimba za pulasitiki ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Nyundo zachitsulo zisagwiritsidwe ntchito, njerwa siziyenera kudulidwa pamiyala, ndipo zisamenyedwe kapena kukonzedwa matope atalimba.

M`pofunika mosamalitsa kusankha njerwa. Njerwa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ziyenera kupatulidwa mosamalitsa, ndipo njerwa zamtundu womwewo ndi mtundu ziyenera kusankhidwa ndi kutalika kofanana.

Kukhuthala kwa mbale yachitsulo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyanika nthawi zambiri ndi 1 mpaka 1.2mm, ndipo imayenera kukhala yosalala, osati yopindika, yosapindika, komanso yopanda ma burrs. M’lifupi mwa slab aliyense sayenera kuchepera m’lifupi mwa njerwa ndi pafupifupi 10mm. Chitsulo chachitsulo sichidzapitirira mbali ya njerwa pa nthawi ya zomangamanga, ndipo chodabwitsa cha zitsulo zachitsulo chowomba ndi kumangirira sizidzachitika. Chipinda chimodzi chokha chachitsulo chimaloledwa mumsoko uliwonse. Mimba yopapatiza yachitsulo yosinthira iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pang’ono momwe mungathere. Makatoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito powonjezera mafupa ayenera kuikidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe kake.

Potseka njerwa, njerwa zophwathika ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsekera njerwa, ndipo kukonzedwa bwino kuyenera kuchitidwa. Misewu ya njerwa yoyandikana nayo iyenera kugwedezeka ndi njerwa 1 mpaka 2. Ndizoletsedwa kutseka njerwa ndi zoponyedwa zokha, koma zoponyera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonza njerwa yomaliza.

Mavuto otsatirawa akuyenera kupewedwa pomanga zomangira zosagwira moto komanso zotchingira kutentha.

11.1 Dislocation: ndiye, kusalingana pakati pa zigawo ndi midadada.

11.2 Oblique: Ndiko kuti, silathyathyathya kumbali yopingasa.

11.3 Zosiyana za imvi zosakanikirana: ndiko kuti, m’lifupi mwake, m’lifupi mwake ndi zosiyana, zomwe zingathe kusinthidwa posankha njerwa moyenera.

11.4 Kukwera: ndiko kuti, chodabwitsa cha kusagwirizana nthawi zonse pamwamba pa khoma loyang’ana, lomwe liyenera kuyendetsedwa mkati mwa 1mm.

11.5 Kupatukana ndi pakati: ndiko kuti, mphete ya njerwa siimakhazikika ndi chipolopolo muzomangamanga zooneka ngati arc.

11.6 Kumanganso: ndiko kuti, phulusa lapamwamba ndi lapansi limayikidwa pamwamba, ndipo msoko umodzi wokha wa phulusa umaloledwa pakati pa zigawo ziwirizo.

11.7 Kupyolera mu msoko: ndiko kuti, mikwingwirima ya imvi yamkati ndi yakunja yopingasa yopingasa imaphatikizidwa, ndipo ngakhale chipolopolocho chimawonekera, chomwe sichiloledwa.

11.8 Kutsegula: zolumikizira matope pamiyala yopindika ndi zazing’ono mkati ndi zazikulu kunja.

11.9 Chopanda: ndiko kuti, matope sakhala odzaza pakati pa zigawo, pakati pa njerwa ndi pakati pa chipolopolo, ndipo sichiloledwa muzitsulo zazitsulo zosasunthika.

11.10 Zolumikizira zaubweya: zolumikizira njerwa sizimangika ndikupukutidwa, komanso makomawo ndi osayera.

11.11 Snaking: ndiko kuti, zozungulira zazitali, zozungulira zozungulira kapena zopingasa zopingasa sizowongoka, koma zopindika.

11.12 Masonry bulge: Zimayamba chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa zida, ndipo gawo loyenera la zida liyenera kusalala panthawi yomanga. Pamene nsanjika ziwiri zimamangidwa, chotchingiracho chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwongolera.

11.13 Dothi losakanikirana: Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika slurry sikuloledwa.

Chingwe chopanda moto komanso choteteza kutentha kwa zida zomangira chimamangidwa m’magawo ndi magawo, ndipo ndizoletsedwa kumanga ndi matope osakanizika. Chipinda chotchingira kutentha kwamiyala chiyeneranso kudzazidwa ndi grout. Mukakumana ndi mabowo ndi ma riveting ndi kuwotcherera mbali, njerwa kapena mbale ziyenera kukonzedwa, ndipo mipata iyenera kudzazidwa ndi matope. Kupalasa mopanda tsankho, kusiya mipata paliponse kapena kusagwiritsa ntchito matope ndikoletsedwa. Muzitsulo zotsekemera zotentha, njerwa zapamwamba za alumini ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga pansi pa njerwa za nangula, kumbuyo kwa njerwa za arch-foot, kuzungulira mabowo ndi kukhudzana ndi kukulitsa.

Zowonjezera zowonjezera muzitsulo za njerwa zapamwamba za alumini ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe kake ndipo sizidzasiyidwa. M’lifupi mwa zimfundo zowonjezera sikuyenera kukhala ndi kulolerana koyipa, palibe zinyalala zolimba ziyenera kusiyidwa m’malo olumikizirana mafupa, ndipo zolumikizira ziyenera kudzazidwa ndi ulusi wotsutsa kuti mupewe zochitika zakudzaza komanso zopanda pake. Nthawi zambiri, sipafunikanso zolumikizira zowonjezera mugawo la insulation yamafuta.

Mzere wa magawo ofunikira ndi magawo omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ovuta ayenera kuikidwa poyamba. Pa zomangira zomangika zovuta kwambiri komanso kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa njerwa, lingalirani zosintha kukhala zomangira.

Zigawo zachitsulo zomwe zatsala muzitsulo za njerwa, kuphatikizapo bolodi lothandizira njerwa, bolodi losungira njerwa, ndi zina zotero, ziyenera kusindikizidwa ndi njerwa zooneka ngati zapadera, zoponyedwa kapena ulusi wonyezimira, ndipo sizidzawonetsedwa mwachindunji ndi mpweya woyaka moto panthawiyi. ntchito.

Njerwa za nangula ndi njerwa zomangidwa ndi zomangamanga, zomwe ziyenera kusungidwa motsatira malamulo apangidwe ndipo siziyenera kusiyidwa. Musagwiritse ntchito njerwa zong’aluka kuzungulira mabowowo. Zokowera zachitsulo ziyenera kuikidwa pansi ndi kupachikidwa mwamphamvu. Mabowo olendewera ndi mbedza sizingatsekeke, kusiyana komwe kumanzere kungathe kudzazidwa ndi ulusi wa refractory.

Pomanga njerwa zomangira, njerwa zophatikizika ndi njerwa zopindika, ngati njerwa zoyambirira sizingakwaniritse zofunikira zomata, njerwa ziyenera kumalizidwa ndi wodula njerwa m’malo mwa njerwa zomangidwa ndi manja. Kukula kwa njerwa zokonzedwa: njerwa za capping siziyenera kukhala zosachepera 70% za njerwa zoyambirira; mu njerwa zophatikizika zophatikizika ndi njerwa zopindika, zisakhale zosachepera 1/2 ya njerwa zoyambilira. Ikhale yokhoma ndi njerwa zoyambirira. Malo ogwirira ntchito a njerwa amaletsedwa kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito. The processing pamwamba njerwa sayenera kuyang’ana ng’anjo, ntchito pamwamba kapena kukulitsa olowa.