Indlela yokwakha izitena eziphezulu ze-alumina?

Izitena zezitena eziphezulu ze-alumina zihlulwe zibe ziindidi ezine ngokobukhulu bezitena ezidibeneyo kunye nomgangatho wokusebenza kakuhle. Udidi kunye nobukhulu bezitena ezidibeneyo ngokulandelanayo: Ⅰ ≤0.5mm; Ⅱ ≤1mm; Ⅲ ≤2mm; Ⅳ ≤3mm. Udaka lomlilo kufuneka lugcwale kumalungu odaka lwezitena ezihlangeneyo, kwaye izitena ezidibeneyo zemigangatho yangaphakathi nangaphandle yemigangatho ephezulu nangaphantsi kufuneka iphazamiseke.

Le migaqo ilandelayo kufuneka ilandelwe xa kulungiselelwa udaka oluxhathisayo lokwakha izitena.

2.1 Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwezitena, ii-slurries ezahlukeneyo ze-refractory kufuneka zihlolwe kwangaphambili kwaye zakhiwe kwangaphambili ukumisela ixesha lokudibanisa, ixesha lokuqala lokumisela, ukuhambelana kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwi-slurries eyahlukeneyo.

2.2 Kufuneka kusetyenziswe izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ukulungisa udaka olwahlukeneyo kwaye zicocwe kwangethuba.

2.3 Amanzi acocekileyo afanele asetyenziselwe ukulungiswa kodaka olusemgangathweni olwahlukeneyo, ubungakanani bamanzi kufuneka bulinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye ukuxuba kufanele kufane, kwaye kusetyenziswe njengoko kufuneka. Udaka lwehydraulic kunye nokuqina komoya olulungisiweyo akufunekanga lusetyenziswe ngamanzi, kwaye udaka olubekwe ekuqaleni akufanele lusetyenziswe.

2.4 Xa ulungisa udaka olubotshwe yi-phosphate, qinisekisa ixesha elichaziweyo lokubambisa, kwaye ulungelelanise njengoko ulisebenzisa. Udaka olulungisiweyo aluyi kuxutywa ngamanzi ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ngenxa yobume bayo bokugqwala, olu daka akufunekanga ludibane ngqo neqokobhe lesinyithi.

Isiza kufuneka sihlolwe ngokucokisekileyo kwaye sicocwe phambi kokuba kwakhiwe udonga lwezitena.

Ngaphambi kokuba kwakhiwe umgca wezitena, umgca kufuneka ubekwe, kwaye ubungakanani kunye nokuphakama kwendawo nganye yobuchwephesha kufuneka kuhlolwe ngokwemizobo yokuyila.

Iimfuno ezisisiseko zokwenza izitena zezi: izitena eziqinileyo kunye nezitena, izitena ezidibeneyo ezithe ngqo, isangqa esichanekileyo esinqamlezayo, izitena zokutshixa, indawo efanelekileyo, akukho ukugoba kunye nokukhupha, kwaye i-masonry kufuneka igcinwe ithe tyaba kwaye ithe nkqo. Izitena eziphezulu ze-alumina kufuneka zibekwe kwiindawo ezidibeneyo. Udaka kwiindawo ezidibeneyo zezitena zobumba kufuneka zizaliswe kwaye umphezulu kufuneka udibanise.

Uyilo lokusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezitena eziphezulu ze-alumina ziphunyezwa ngokwesicwangciso soyilo. Xa ubeka umgca wezitena, ukugcwala kodaka lomlilo kuyadingeka ukuba kufikelele ngaphezu kwe-95%, kunye nezitena ezingaphezulu kufuneka zidibaniswe ne-slurry yasekuqaleni, kodwa udaka olungaphezulu kwinqanaba le-itena kufuneka lichithwe ngexesha.

Xa ubeka izitena, izixhobo eziguquguqukayo ezifana neehamile zomthi, iihamile zerabha okanye iihamile zeplastiki eziqinileyo kufuneka zisetyenziswe. Izando zentsimbi akufanele zisetyenziswe, izitena akufanele zinqunyulwe kwi-masonry, kwaye i-masonry akufanele ibethelwe okanye ilungiswe emva kokuba udaka luqinile.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukhethe ngokungqongqo izitena. Izitena zezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo kufuneka zihlulwe ngokungqongqo, kwaye izitena zomgangatho ofanayo kunye nohlobo kufuneka zikhethwe ngobude obufanayo.

Ubukhulu beplate yentsimbi edibeneyo esetyenziselwa ukubekeka okomileyo ngokuqhelekileyo i-1 ukuya kwi-1.2mm, kwaye ifunwa ukuba ibe tyaba, ingabi crimped, ingajijwa, kwaye ingabi naburrs. Ububanzi be-slab nganye kufuneka bube ngaphantsi kobubanzi besitena malunga ne-10mm. Isitya sensimbi asiyi kudlula icala lesitena ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwe-masonry, kwaye i-phenomenon yentsimbi yentsimbi yokukhala kunye ne-bridging ayiyi kwenzeka. Inye kuphela ipleyiti yentsimbi evumelekileyo kumthungo ngamnye. Iipleyiti zetsimbi ezinqamlekileyo zohlengahlengiso kufuneka zisetyenziswe kancinci kangangoko. Ikhadibhodi esetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ukwandiswa kufuneka ibekwe ngokuhambelana noyilo.

Xa uvala izitena, izitena ezisicaba kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukuvala izitena, kwaye ukulungiswa kakuhle kufuneka kwenziwe. Iindlela zezitena ezikufutshane kufuneka zixutywe yi-1 ukuya kwi-2 izitena. Akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukutshixa izitena kunye ne-castable yodwa, kodwa i-castables ingasetyenziselwa ukulungisa isitena sokugqibela sokutshixa.

Ezi ngxaki zilandelayo ziqhelekileyo kufuneka zigwenywe xa kwakhiwa i-lining-resistant kunye ne-heat-insulating linings.

11.1 Ukushenxiswa: oko kukuthi, ukungalingani phakathi kweeleya kunye neebhloko.

11.2 I-Oblique: Oko kukuthi, ayikho tyaba kwicala elithe tye.

11.3 I-gray seams engalinganiyo: oko kukuthi, ububanzi bee-gray seams buhluke, obunokulungiswa ngokukhetha izitena ngokufanelekileyo.

11.4 Ukunyuka: oko kukuthi, into eyenzekayo yokungalingani rhoqo kwindawo yodonga olujongene nayo, ekufuneka ilawulwe ngaphakathi kwe-1mm.

11.5 Ukwahlula phakathi kwiziko: oko kukuthi, iringi yezitena ayigxininisi kunye negobolondo kwi-masonry efana ne-arc.

11.6 Ukuphinda uthunge: oko kukuthi, i-ash seams ephezulu nangaphantsi ibekwe phezulu, kwaye i-ash seam enye kuphela evumelekileyo phakathi kwezi zimbini.

11.7 Ngokusebenzisa i-seam: oko kukuthi, i-grey seams ye-horizontal yangaphakathi nangaphandle ye-horizontal layers idityanisiwe, kwaye iqokobhe liyavezwa, elingavumelekanga.

11.8 Ukuvulwa: amalungu odaka kwimasonry egobileyo mancinci ngaphakathi kwaye makhulu ngaphandle.

11.9 I-Void: oko kukuthi, udaka alugcwali phakathi kweengqimba, phakathi kwezitena naphakathi kwegobolondo, kwaye akuvumelekanga kwi-lining yesixhobo esingenakushukunyiswa.

11.10 Iindibaniselwano ezinoboya: iindawo ezidibeneyo zezitena azixutywanga kwaye azisulwa, kwaye iindonga azicocekanga.

11.11 Ukunyoka: oko kukuthi, i-longitudinal seams, i-seams yesetyhula okanye i-horizontal seams ayithanga tye, kodwa i-wavy.

11.12 I-Masonry bulge: Ibangelwa kukuguqulwa kwesixhobo, kwaye umgangatho ofanelekileyo wesixhobo kufuneka ugudiswe ngexesha lokwakhiwa. Xa i-double-layer lining yakhiwe, i-insulation layer ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa.

11.13 Udaka oluxutyiweyo: Ukusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga koludaka akuvumelekanga.

Umbane ochasene nomlilo kunye nokushisa ukufudumala kwezixhobo ze-masonry ziya kwakhiwa ngokwemigangatho kunye namacandelo, kwaye kunqatshelwe ngokungqongqo ukwakha ngodaka oluxubileyo. I-masonry heat insulation lining kufuneka izaliswe ngegrout. Xa udibana nemingxuma kunye ne-riveting kunye ne-welding parts, izitena okanye iiplate kufuneka zicutshungulwe, kwaye izithuba kufuneka zizaliswe ngodaka. Ukuhamba ngendlela engafanelekanga, ukushiya izikhewu kuyo yonke indawo okanye ukusebenzisa udaka akuvumelekanga. Kwi-thermal insulation layer, izitena eziphezulu ze-alumina kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwi-masonry phantsi kwezitena ze-anchor, emva kwezitena ze-arch-foot, ezijikeleze imingxuma kunye nokudibanisa nokwandiswa.

Amalungu okwandisa kwi-high-alumina izitena zombane kufuneka zibekwe ngokuhambelana noyilo kwaye aziyi kushiywa. Ububanzi bokwandiswa kwamalungu akufanele bube nokunyamezela okubi, akukho nkunkuma enzima kufuneka ishiywe kwiindawo ezidibeneyo, kwaye amajoyina kufuneka azaliswe ngeentambo eziphikisayo ukuphepha ukwenzeka kokuzala kunye nokungabi nanto. Ngokuqhelekileyo, akukho mfuneko yokwandiswa kwamalungu kwi-thermal insulation layer.

I-lining yamacandelo abalulekileyo kunye neengxenye ezinemilo enzima kufuneka zibekwe kwangaphambili. Kwi-linings enezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunye nomthamo omkhulu wokulungiswa kwezitena, cinga ukutshintsha kwi-linings enokuchithwa.

Iindawo zentsimbi eziveziweyo ezishiywe kungqameko lwezitena, kubandakanywa nebhodi exhasa izitena, ibhodi yokugcina izitena, njl. njl., ziya kutywinwa ngezitena ezinokwakheka okukhethekileyo, izinto ezityhidiweyo okanye iifiber eziqhankqalazayo, kwaye aziyi kuboniswa ngokuthe ngqo kwirhasi yesibane eshushu ngexesha. sebenzisa.

Izitena ze-Anchor zizitena zesakhiwo sobume, ekufuneka zigcinwe ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yoyilo kwaye akufanele zishiywe. Akukho zitena eziqhekekileyo ze-ankile ziya kusetyenziswa ukujikeleza imingxunya ejingayo. Izikhonkwane zetsimbi kufuneka zibekwe phantsi kwaye zixhonywe ngokuqinileyo. Imingxuma yokuxhoma kunye neegwegwe azikwazi ukubambelela, isithuba esishiywe singagcwaliswa ngefiber refractory.

Xa ukwakhiwa izitena ze-capping, izitena ezidibeneyo kunye nezitena ezigobileyo, ukuba izitena zangaphambili azikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokutywinwa, izitena kufuneka zigqitywe kunye nomsiki wezitena endaweni yezitena ezenziwe ngesandla. Ubungakanani bezitena ezicwangcisiweyo: izitena ze-capping akufanele zibe ngaphantsi kwe-70% yezitena zokuqala; kwizitena ezidibeneyo kunye nezitena ezigobileyo, akufanele zibe ngaphantsi kwe-1/2 yezitena zokuqala. Kufuneka itshixwe ngezitena zokuqala. Indawo yokusebenza yesitena inqatshelwe ngokungqongqo ekusebenzeni. Umphezulu wokucubungula isitena akufanele ubhekane nesithando somlilo, indawo yokusebenza okanye idibaniso yokwandisa.