Momwe mungazindikire SCR?

Chikawa is the abbreviation for silicon controlled rectifier. There are several types of SCRs: one-way, two-way, turn-off and light-controlled. It has the advantages of small size, light weight, high efficiency, long life, convenient control, etc. It is widely used in various automatic control and high-power electric energy conversion occasions such as controllable rectification, voltage regulation, inverter, and non-contact switch. .

SCR conduction mikhalidwe: imodzi ndi yakuti voliyumu yakutsogolo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa anode ndi cathode ya thyristor, ndipo ina ndikuti voteji yakutsogolo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi owongolera. Zomwe zili pamwambazi ziyenera kukumana nthawi imodzi, thyristor idzakhala ikuyendetsa. Kuonjezera apo, pamene thyristor imatsegulidwa, ngakhale mphamvu ya chipata imachepetsedwa kapena magetsi a chipata achotsedwa, thyristor imatsegulidwabe. SCR zimitsani zinthu: kuchepetsa kapena kuchotsa voteji kutsogolo pakati SCR anode ndi cathode, kuti anode panopa ndi zosakwana yokonza osachepera.

1. Makhalidwe a thyristor:

Thyristor imagawidwa mu njira imodzi ya thyristor ndi njira ziwiri.

Unidirectional thyristor ili ndi zikhomo zitatu zotsogola: anode A, cathode K, ndi electrode G.

The triac ali woyamba anode A1 (T1), yachiwiri anode A2 (T2), ndi control elekitirodi G atatu kutsogolera zikhomo.

Pokhapokha pamene voteji zabwino umagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa unidirectional SCR anode A ndi cathode K, ndi chofunika kutsogolo choyambitsa voteji umagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa ulamuliro elekitirodi G ndi cathode, akhoza zinayambitsa kuchita. Panthawi imeneyi, pali otsika kukana conduction boma pakati A ndi K, ndi voteji dontho pakati anode A ndi cathode K ndi za 1V. Pambuyo pa njira imodzi ya SCR imayatsidwa, ngakhale wolamulira G ataya mphamvu yamagetsi, malinga ngati voteji yabwino imasungidwa pakati pa anode A ndi cathode K, njira imodzi ya SCR ikupitirizabe kukana. dziko conduction. Pokhapokha pamene anode A voteji amachotsedwa kapena voteji polarity pakati anode A ndi cathode K kusinthidwa (AC ziro kuwoloka), ndi thyristor unidirectional kusintha otsika kukana conduction boma kuti mkulu-kukana odulidwa boma. Kamodzi thyristor unidirectional anadulidwa, ngakhale voteji zabwino reapplied pakati anode A ndi cathode K, zabwino choyambitsa voteji ayenera reapplied pakati pa ulamuliro elekitirodi G ndi cathode K kuti anayatsa. Kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa SCR ya njira imodzi ndikofanana ndi kuyatsa ndi kutseka kwa switch, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga chosinthira chosalumikizana.

Pakati pa anode yoyamba A1 ndi yachiwiri anode A2 wa bidirectional thyristor, mosasamala kanthu kuti voteji yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo, malinga ngati choyambitsa voteji chokhala ndi zosiyana zabwino ndi zoipa polarity chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa ulamuliro elekitirodi G ndi anode woyamba. A1, itha kukhala The trigger conduction is in the low-impedance state. Pakadali pano, kutsika kwamagetsi pakati pa A1 ndi A2 kulinso pafupifupi 1V. Ma triac akayatsidwa, amatha kupitiliza kuyatsa ngakhale magetsi atayika. Pokhapokha pamene anode woyamba A1 ndi anode wachiwiri A2 amachepetsa ndipo ndi zosakwana yokonza panopa kapena pamene voteji polarity pakati A1 ndi A2 kusintha ndipo palibe choyambitsa voteji, triac adzadulidwa. Panthawi imeneyi, mphamvu ya trigger imatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kuchititsa.

2. Kuzindikira njira imodzi ya SCR:

Multimeter imasankha kukana R * 1Ω, ndipo zoyeserera zofiira ndi zakuda zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kukana pakati pa mapini awiri aliwonse mpaka ma pini okhala ndi kuwerenga kwa makumi a ohms apezeka. Panthawiyi, pini ya kutsogolera kwa mayesero akuda ndi electrode yolamulira G , Pini ya mayesero ofiira ofiira ndi cathode K, ndi pini ina yaulere ndi anode A. Panthawiyi, gwirizanitsani mayeso akuda kukutsogolerani. anaweruza anode A, ndi mayeso ofiira amatsogolera ku cathode K. Cholozera cha multimeter sichiyenera kusuntha panthawiyi. Gwiritsani ntchito waya waufupi kuti mugwirizane nthawi yomweyo anode A ndi kuwongolera electrode G. Panthawiyi, cholozera chotchinga chamagetsi cha multimeter chiyenera kupatulidwa kumanja, ndipo kuwerengera kukana kuli pafupi 10 ohms. Ngati anode A ikugwirizana ndi chiwongolero chakuda chakuda ndipo cathode K ikugwirizana ndi chiwongolero chofiira, cholozera cha multimeter chidzasokoneza, kusonyeza kuti SCR ya njira imodzi yathyoledwa ndikuwonongeka.

3. Kuzindikira kwa Triac:

Gwiritsani ntchito chipika cha multimeter resistance R * 1Ω, gwiritsani ntchito zolembera zofiira ndi zakuda kuti muyese kukana kwabwino ndi koyipa pakati pa mapini awiri aliwonse, ndipo zotsatira za ma seti awiriwa ndizopanda malire. Ngati seti imodzi ili makumi a ohms, zikhomo ziwiri zolumikizidwa ku mawotchi ofiira ndi akuda ndi anode A1 yoyamba ndi electrode G, ndipo pini ina yaulere ndi yachiwiri anode A2. Pambuyo pozindikira mitengo ya A1 ndi G, yesani mosamalitsa kukaniza kwabwino ndi kubweza pakati pa mitengo ya A1 ndi G. Pini yolumikizidwa ndi chiwongolero choyesa chakuda ndikuwerengera pang’ono ndi anode A1 woyamba, ndipo pini yolumikizidwa ndi chiwongolero chofiira ndi Control pole G. Lumikizani mayeso akuda kutsogolere ku anode yachiwiri yotsimikizika A2 ndipo mayeso ofiira amatsogolera ku anode woyamba A1. Panthawiyi, cholozera cha multimeter sichiyenera kupatulidwa, ndipo mtengo wotsutsa ulibe malire. Kenako gwiritsani ntchito waya waifupi kuti mufupikitse mitengo ya A2 ndi G nthawi yomweyo, ndikuyika voteji yabwino pa G pole. Kukana pakati pa A2 ndi A1 kuli pafupifupi 10 ohms. Kenako chotsani waya wamfupi pakati pa A2 ndi G, ndipo kuwerenga kwa ma multimeter kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 10 ohms. Kusinthana zoyeserera zofiira ndi zakuda, kulumikiza mayeso ofiira ku anode yachiwiri A2, ndipo mayeso akuda amatsogolera ku anode A1 yoyamba. Mofananamo, cholozera cha multimeter sichiyenera kupatulidwa, ndipo kukana kuyenera kukhala kosatha. Gwiritsani ntchito waya waifupi kuti muzungulirenso mitengo ya A2 ndi G nthawi yomweyo, ndikuyika voteji ya G pole. Kukana pakati pa A1 ndi A2 kulinso pafupifupi 10 ohms. Kenako chotsani waya wamfupi pakati pa mitengo ya A2 ndi G, ndipo kuwerenga kwa ma multimeter kuyenera kukhala kosasinthika pafupifupi 10 ohms. Mogwirizana ndi malamulo omwe ali pamwambawa, amasonyeza kuti triac yoyesedwa siiwonongeka ndipo polarity ya zikhomo zitatu imaweruzidwa molondola.

Mukazindikira ma SCR amphamvu kwambiri, batire yowuma ya 1.5V iyenera kulumikizidwa motsatizana ndi cholembera chakuda cha multimeter kuti muwonjezere mphamvu yoyambitsa.

4. Chizindikiro cha pini cha thyristor (SCR):

Chiweruzo cha zikhomo za thyristor chikhoza kuchitidwa motere: Choyamba, yesani kukana pakati pa zikhomo zitatu ndi multimeter R * 1K. Zikhomo ziwiri zokhala ndi kukana zing’onozing’ono ndi electrode yolamulira ndi cathode, ndipo pini yotsalira ndi anode. Kenaka ikani multimeter mu chipika cha R * 10K, sungani anode ndi mwendo wina ndi zala zanu, ndipo musalole kuti mapazi awiri agwire, gwirizanitsani kuyesa kwakuda ku anode, ndipo kuyesa kofiira kumatsogolera mwendo wotsalira. Ngati singano ikugwedezeka kumanja, imatanthauza chiwongolero chofiira Cholumikizidwa ngati cathode, ngati sichikugwedezeka, ndi electrode yolamulira.

Unidirectional thyristor imapangidwa ndi zida zitatu za PN junction semiconductor, ndipo mawonekedwe ake, chizindikiro ndi dera lofananira zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1.

Thyristor ili ndi ma elekitirodi atatu: anode (A), cathode (K) ndi electrode yowongolera (G). Kuchokera kumalo ofananirako ozungulira, anode (A) ndi electrode yolamulira (G) ndi magawo awiri a PN omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi ma polarities osiyana, ndi electrode yolamulira (G) ndi cathode (K) ndi PN mphambano. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a unidirectional conductivity a PN mp1, sankhani fayilo yoyenera ya pointer multimeter, ndikuyesa kukana kwabwino ndi koyipa pakati pa mitengo (mitengo iwiri yomweyi, sinthani milingo iwiri yokana yoyesedwa ndi cholembera choyesera) . Kwa thyristor wamba, G Kukaniza kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo pakati pa G ndi K ndizosiyana kwambiri; kutsutsa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo pakati pa G ndi K ndi A ndizochepa kwambiri, ndipo kukana kwawo ndi kwakukulu kwambiri. Zotsatira za mayesowa ndizopadera, ndipo polarity ya thyristor ikhoza kutsimikiziridwa potengera izi. Gwiritsani ntchito ma multimeter kuti muyese kutsutsa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo pakati pa ma electrode a SCR mu fayilo ya R × XNUMXK, ndikusankha maelekitirodi awiri omwe ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Kwa electrode yowongolera (G), chowongolera choyezera chofiira chimalumikizidwa ndi cathode (K), ndipo chotsaliracho ndi anode (A). Poweruza polarity ya thyristor, khalidwe la thyristor likhoza kutsimikiziridwa bwino. Ngati kusiyana pakati pa kukana kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa mizati iwiri iliyonse muyeso ndi yaying’ono kwambiri, ndipo kukana ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, zimasonyeza kuti pali vuto lotseguka pakati pa G ndi K; ngati kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kukaniza pakati pa mitengo iwiriyi ndi yaying’ono kwambiri ndipo ikuyandikira Pa zero, pali vuto la inter-electrode lalifupi-circuit mkati mwa SCR.

Njira imodzi ya SCR kuyambitsa mayeso:

The one-way thyristor is the same in that both have unidirectional conductivity, but the difference is that the conduction of the thyristor is also controlled by the voltage of the gate. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, zinthu ziwiri ziyenera kukumana kuti thyristor iyatse: voteji yabwino iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa anode (A) ndi cathode (K), ndipo magetsi a kutsogolo ayeneranso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa electrode yolamulira. G) ndi cathode (K) . Pamene thyristor yatsegulidwa, electrode yolamulira imataya ntchito yake. Njira yoyendetsera unidirectional thyristor ikhoza kuwonetsedwa ndi dera lofanana lomwe likuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2: The emitter ya PNP chubu ndi ofanana ndi anode ya thyristor (A), ndipo emitter ya NPN chubu ndi ofanana ndi cathode wa thyristor (K) , Wosonkhanitsa chubu ya PNP amalumikizidwa kumunsi kwa chubu cha NPN, chomwe chili chofanana ndi electrode yolamulira (G) ya thyristor. Pamene magetsi ovomerezeka akugwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa A ndi K, machubu awiriwa sangayendetse. Panthawiyi, pamene magetsi akutsogolo akugwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa G ndi K, maziko a magetsi omwe akuyenda mu V2 ​​amapangidwa, ndi zina zotero. Mpaka machubu awiriwo atalumikizidwa kwathunthu. Mukayatsidwa, ngakhale Ig = O, chifukwa V2 ili ndi maziko apano ndipo ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa Ig, machubu awiriwa amayatsidwa. Kuti conductive thyristor adulidwe, voteji yakutsogolo ya A ndi K iyenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala mtengo wake, kapena kusinthidwa, kapena kulumikizidwa. According to the conductive characteristics of the SCR, the resistance file of a multimeter can be used for testing. For low-power thyristor, connect the circuit as shown in Figure 3(a), connect a touch switch between thyristor A and G (for ease of operation), use the R×1Ω gear of the multimeter, and connect the black test lead. A pole, the red test lead is connected to K. Panthawiyi, mpweya wabwino umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa thyristor (kudzera mu batri yowuma yomwe imayikidwa pa multimeter). The pointer of the multimeter does not move and the thyristor does not conduct. Pamene kusinthaku kukanikizidwa, A, G Pamene magetsi oyambitsa magetsi akugwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa G ndi K, thyristor imatsegulidwa, ndipo pointer ya multimeter imasokoneza ndikulozera ku mtengo wochepa; pamene G ndi A achotsedwa, mphamvu yolamulira imatayika. Ngati cholozera cha multimeter Ngati malo akadali osasinthika, thyristor akadali mumkhalidwe wochititsa, kusonyeza kuti zoyambitsa makhalidwe a thyristor ndi zabwino. Ngati G ndi A achotsedwa, cholozera cha multimeter chidzapatutsidwa ndikuloza ku ∞. Ndiko kuti, ngati thyristor sakuyendetsa, zimasonyeza kuti choyambitsa khalidwe la thyristor si chabwino kapena chawonongeka. Kwa ma thyristors omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, chifukwa cha kutsika kwakukulu kwa magetsi, kukonzanso kwamakono kumakhala kovuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti conduction ikhale yosauka. Panthawiyi, batire yowuma iyenera kulumikizidwa motsatizana ndi anode (A) ya thyristor, monga momwe tawonetsera pachithunzichi. Dera lomwe likuwonetsedwa mu 3 (b) liyenera kuyesedwa kuti lipewe kuganiziridwa molakwika. Kwa thyristor yamphamvu kwambiri, selo lowuma liyenera kulumikizidwa motsatizana pa dera la Chithunzi 3 (b) kuti zotsatira zoyesa ziwonekere. Nthawi zambiri, poyesa ma SCR a njira imodzi pansi pa 10A, gwiritsani ntchito dera lolumikizira lomwe likuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 3 (a); kwa 10A-100A SCRs, gwiritsani ntchito dera lolumikizana lomwe likuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 3 (b) kuyesa njira imodzi yowongoleredwa pamwamba pa 100A.

Pamaziko a kuyesa njira imodzi ya thyristors, mitundu ina ya thyristors imathanso kuyesedwa ndi multimeter malinga ndi kapangidwe kawo koyambira.