Uyibona njani i-SCR?

I-Thyristor sisishunqulelo sesilicon elawulwayo isilungisi. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-SCRs: indlela enye, indlela ezimbini, ukucima kunye nokulawulwa kokukhanya. Inoncedo lobungakanani obuncinci, ubunzima obukhanyayo, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, ubomi obude, ulawulo olulungeleyo, njl. njl. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kulawulo oluzenzekelayo oluzenzekelayo kunye nezihlandlo zokuguqula amandla ombane aphezulu njengokulungiswa okulawulekayo, ukulawulwa kwamandla ombane, inverter, kunye nokungaguqukiyo. -contact switch. .

Iimeko zokuqhuba i-SCR: enye kukuba i-voltage yangaphambili kufuneka isetyenziswe phakathi kwe-anode kunye ne-cathode ye-thyristor, kwaye enye kukuba i-voltage yangaphambili kufuneka isetyenziswe kwi-electrode yokulawula. Iimeko ezimbini ezingentla kufuneka zidibene ngexesha elifanayo, i-thyristor iya kuba kwimeko yokuqhuba. Ukongezelela, xa i-thyristor ivuliwe, nokuba i-voltage yesango iyancitshiswa okanye i-voltage yesango isusiwe, i-thyristor isavuliwe. Iimeko zokucima i-SCR: ukunciphisa okanye ukususa i-voltage yangaphambili phakathi kwe-anode ye-SCR kunye ne-cathode, ukwenzela ukuba i-anode yangoku ingaphantsi kobuncinci bokugcinwa kwangoku.

1. Iimpawu zethyristor:

I-thyristor ihlulwe ibe yindlela enye ye-thyristor kunye ne-thyristor yeendlela ezimbini.

I-thyristor ye-unidirectional inezikhonkwane ezintathu zokukhokela: i-anode A, i-cathode K, kunye ne-electrode yokulawula u-G.

I-triac ine-anode yokuqala ye-A1 (T1), i-anode yesibini ye-A2 (T2), kunye ne-electrode yokulawula i-G izikhonkwane ezintathu ezihamba phambili.

Kuphela xa i-voltage echanekileyo isetyenziswe phakathi kwe-anode ye-SCR engabonakaliyo A kunye ne-cathode K, kwaye i-voltage ye-trigger efunekayo ngaphambili isetyenziswe phakathi kwe-electrode yokulawula i-G kunye ne-cathode, inokuvuswa ukuba iqhube. Ngeli xesha, kukho i-low-resistance conduction state phakathi kwe-A kunye ne-K, kunye nokuhla kombane phakathi kwe-anode A kunye ne-cathode K malunga ne-1V. Emva kokuba i-SCR yendlela enye ivuliwe, nokuba umlawuli we-G ulahlekelwa yi-voltage ye-trigger, okoko nje i-voltage echanekileyo igcinwe phakathi kwe-anode A kunye ne-cathode K, i-SCR yendlela enye iyaqhubeka ikwi-low-resistance. imeko yokuqhuba. Kuphela xa i-anode A yombane isusiwe okanye i-voltage polarity phakathi kwe-anode A kunye ne-cathode K itshintshiwe (i-AC zero crossing), i-thyristor ye-unidirectional iya kutshintsha ukusuka kwi-low-resistance conduction state ukuya kwi-high-resistance cut-off state. Emva kokuba i-thyristor ye-unidirectional inqunyulwe, nokuba i-voltage e-positive iphinda isetyenziswe phakathi kwe-anode A kunye ne-cathode K, i-voltage ye-trigger efanelekileyo kufuneka iphinde ifakwe phakathi kwe-electrode yolawulo G kunye ne-cathode K ukuze ivulwe. Imeko yokuvula kunye nokuvala i-SCR yendlela enye ilingana nokuvula kunye nokucima isimo sokutshintsha, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza utshintsho olungadibaniyo.

Phakathi kwe-anode yokuqala ye-A1 kunye neyesibini i-anode A2 ye-bidirectional thyristor, kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-voltage polarity esetyenzisiweyo ihamba phambili okanye ibuya umva, nje ukuba i-voltage ye-trigger ene-polarity eyahlukileyo eyahlukileyo kunye ne-negative isetyenziswa phakathi kwe-electrode G kunye ne-anode yokuqala. I-A1, ingaba I-trigger conduction ikwimeko ephantsi-impedance. Ngeli xesha, ukuhla kwamandla ombane phakathi kwe-A1 kunye ne-A2 nayo malunga ne-1V. Nje ukuba i-triac ivuliwe, inokuqhubeka ivulwa nokuba i-voltage yetrigger ilahlekile. Kuphela xa okwangoku i-anode yokuqala ye-A1 kunye neyesibini i-anode i-A2 iyancipha kwaye ingaphantsi kokugcinwa kwangoku okanye xa i-voltage polarity phakathi kwe-A1 kunye ne-A2 itshintsha kwaye akukho mbane wokubangela, i-triac iya kunqunyulwa. Ngeli xesha, i-voltage ye-trigger inokuphinda isetyenziswe kwakhona. Ukuqhuba.

2. Ukuchongwa kwe-SCR yendlela enye:

I-multimeter ikhetha ukuchasana kwe-R * 1Ω, kwaye i-red and black test lead isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuchasana kwangaphambili kunye nokubuyisela umva phakathi kwazo naziphi na izikhonkwane ezimbini kuze kufumaneke iperi yezikhonkwane ngokufunda amashumi e-ohms. Ngeli xesha, ipini yovavanyo olumnyama olukhokelela kulawulo lwe-electrode G , Ipini yovavanyo olubomvu yi-cathode K, kunye nenye ipini yamahhala yi-anode A. Ngeli xesha, qhagamshela uvavanyo olumnyama olukhokelela igwetywe i-anode A, kwaye uvavanyo olubomvu lukhokelela kwi-cathode K. Isalathisi se-multimeter akufanele sihambe ngeli xesha. Sebenzisa ucingo olufutshane ngokukhawuleza ukudibanisa i-anode A kunye nokulawula i-electrode G. Ngeli xesha, i-multimeter yokuthintela umbane kufuneka iguqulwe ngakwesokudla, kwaye ukufundwa kokumelana malunga ne-10 ohms. Ukuba i-anode A ixhunywe kwi-black test lead kunye ne-cathode K ixhunywe kwi-red test lead, i-pointer ye-multimeter iya kuphambuka, ebonisa ukuba i-SCR yendlela enye iye yaphulwa kwaye yonakaliswa.

3. Ukufunyanwa kweTriac:

Sebenzisa i-multimeter yokumelana ne-R * 1Ω ibhloko, sebenzisa iipeni zemitha ezibomvu nezimnyama ukulinganisa ukuchasana okuhle kunye nokubi phakathi kwazo naziphi na izikhonkwane ezimbini, kwaye iziphumo zeeseti ezimbini zokufunda azinasiphelo. Ukuba iseti enye ingamashumi ohms, izikhonkwane ezibini eziqhagamshelwe kwiseti yeewotshi ezibomvu nezimnyama ziyi-anode yokuqala ye-A1 kunye ne-electrode yolawulo G, kunye nenye iphini yasimahla yeyesibini i-anode A2. Emva kokumisela izibonda ze-A1 kunye ne-G, ukulinganisa ngokucophelela ukuchasana okulungileyo kunye nokubuyisela umva phakathi kwe-A1 kunye ne-G. Iphini eliqhagamshelwe kuvavanyo olumnyama olukhokelela ekufundweni okuncinci yi-anode yokuqala ye-A1, kunye nephini eliqhagamshelwe kwisikhokelo sovavanyo olubomvu yi-Control pole G. Qhagamshela uvavanyo olumnyama olukhokelela kwi-anode yesibini emiselweyo kunye novavanyo olubomvu olukhokelela i anode yokuqala A2. Ngeli xesha, i-pointer ye-multimeter ayifanele iguqulwe, kwaye ixabiso lokumelana lingenasiphelo. Emva koko sebenzisa ucingo olufutshane ukuze ufinyeze iipali ze-A1 kunye ne-G ngokukhawuleza, kwaye usebenzise i-voltage ye-trigger efanelekileyo kwi-G pole. Ukuchasana phakathi kwe-A2 kunye ne-A2 malunga ne-1 ohms. Emva koko unqamle ucingo olufutshane phakathi kwe-A10 kunye ne-G, kwaye ukufundwa kwe-multimeter kufuneka kugcine malunga ne-2 ohms. Ukutshintshana okukhokelela kuvavanyo olubomvu nolumnyama, qhagamshela uvavanyo olubomvu olukhokelela kwi-anode yesibini ye-A10, kwaye uvavanyo olumnyama lukhokelela kwi-anode yokuqala ye-A2. Ngokufanayo, i-pointer ye-multimeter ayifanele iguqulwe, kwaye ukuchasana kufuneka kungapheli. Sebenzisa ucingo olufutshane ukujikeleza iipali ze-A1 kunye ne-G kwakhona ngokukhawuleza, kwaye usebenzise i-voltage yetrigger engalunganga kwi-G pole. Ukuchasana phakathi kwe-A2 kunye ne-A1 kwakhona malunga ne-2 ohms. Emva koko unqamule ucingo olufutshane phakathi kweepali ze-A10 kunye ne-G, kwaye ukufundwa kwe-multimeter kufuneka kuhlale kungatshintshi malunga ne-2 ohms. Ngokuhambelana nale migaqo ingentla, ibonisa ukuba i-triac evavanyiweyo ayibonakali kwaye i-polarity yezikhonkwane ezintathu igwetywe ngokuchanekileyo.

Xa ufumanisa ii-SCRs ezinamandla aphezulu, ibhetri eyomileyo ye-1.5V kufuneka idibaniswe ngokulandelelana kunye nepeni emnyama ye-multimeter ukunyusa i-trigger voltage.

4. Ukuchongwa kwephini ye-thyristor (SCR):

Isigwebo sezikhonkwane ze-thyristor sinokwenziwa ngeendlela ezilandelayo: Okokuqala, ukulinganisa ukuchasana phakathi kweepini ezintathu nge-multimeter R * 1K. Izikhonkwane ezimbini ezinokumelana okuncinci yi-electrode yokulawula kunye ne-cathode, kunye nepini eseleyo yi-anode. Emva koko faka i-multimeter kwibhloko ye-R * 10K, cinezela i-anode kunye nomnye umlenze ngeminwe yakho, kwaye ungavumeli iinyawo zombini zithinte, qhagamshela uvavanyo olumnyama olukhokelela kwi-anode, kwaye uvavanyo olubomvu lukhokelela emlenzeni oseleyo. Ukuba inaliti ijingi ukuya ngasekunene, oko kuthetha ukhokelo lovavanyo olubomvu Idityaniswe njenge-cathode, ukuba ayijingi, yi-electrode yokulawula.

I-thyristor ye-unidirectional yenziwe ngezinto ezintathu ze-PN ze-junction semiconductor, kunye nesakhiwo sayo esisisiseko, isimboli kunye nesekethe elinganayo iboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.

I-Thyristor inee-electrode ezintathu: i-anode (A), i-cathode (K) kunye ne-electrode yokulawula (G). Ukususela kwinqanaba elilinganayo lesiphaluka sokujonga, i-anode (A) kunye ne-electrode yokulawula (G) zimbini ze-PN ezidibeneyo ezidityaniswe ngokulandelelana kunye ne-polarities echaseneyo, kunye ne-electrode yokulawula (G) kunye ne-cathode (K) yi-PN junction. Ngokweempawu ze-unidirectional conductivity ze-PN junction, khetha ifayile yokumelana efanelekileyo ye-pointer multimeter, kwaye uvavanye ukuchasana okulungileyo kunye nokubi phakathi kweepali (izibonda ezimbini ezifanayo, utshintshise amaxabiso amabini okumelana alinganiswa ngosiba lovavanyo) . Kwi-thyristor eqhelekileyo, G Ukuchasana phambili kunye nokubuyisela umva phakathi kwe-G kunye no-K kwahluke kakhulu; Ukuchasa phambili kunye nokubuyisela umva phakathi kwe-G kunye ne-K kunye no-A kuncinci kakhulu, kwaye amaxabiso abo okumelana makhulu kakhulu. Esi siphumo sovavanyo siyingqayizivele, kwaye i-polarity ye-thyristor inokumiselwa ngokusekelwe kule nto ekhethekileyo. Sebenzisa i-multimeter ukulinganisa ukuchasana kwangaphambili kunye nokubuyisela umva phakathi kwe-electrode ye-SCR kwifayile ye-R × 1K, kwaye ukhethe ii-electrode ezimbini ezinomahluko omkhulu phambili kunye nokumelana nomva. Kwi-electrode yokulawula (G), i-red test lead lead ixhunywe kwi-cathode (K), kwaye i-electrode eseleyo yi-anode (A). Ngokugweba i-polarity ye-thyristor, umgangatho we-thyristor unokumiselwa ngokomgangatho. Ukuba umahluko phakathi kokuchasana kwangaphambili kunye nokubuyisela umva kwazo naziphi na izibonda ezimbini kuvavanyo zincinci kakhulu, kwaye amaxabiso okumelana makhulu kakhulu, oko kubonisa ukuba kukho impazamo yesekethe evulekileyo phakathi kwe-G kunye ne-K; ukuba ukuchasana kwangaphambili kunye nokubuyisela umva phakathi kwezibonda ezimbini kuncinci kakhulu kwaye kusondela Kwi-zero, kukho i-inter-electrode impazamo yesiphaluka esifutshane ngaphakathi kwe-SCR.

Indlela enye ye-SCR yenza uvavanyo lweempawu:

Indlela enye ye-thyristor iyafana nokuba zombini zine-conductivity engabonakaliyo, kodwa umahluko kukuba ukuqhutyelwa kwe-thyristor kulawulwa ngumbane wesango. Oko kukuthi, iimeko ezimbini kufuneka zihlangane ukuze i-thyristor ivulwe: i-voltage efanelekileyo kufuneka isetyenziswe phakathi kwe-anode (A) kunye ne-cathode (K), kunye ne-voltage yangaphambili kufuneka isetyenziswe phakathi kwe-electrode yokulawula ( G) kunye necathode (K) . Xa i-thyristor ivuliwe, i-electrode yokulawula ilahlekelwa umsebenzi wayo. Inkqubo yokuqhuba i-thyristor ye-unidirectional ingabonakaliswa ngumjikelezo olinganayo oboniswe kuMzobo 2: I-emitter ye-tube ye-PNP ilingana ne-anode ye-thyristor (A), kunye ne-emitter ye-tube ye-NPN ilingana ne-cathode i-thyristor (K) , Umqokeleli we-tube ye-PNP ixhunyiwe kwisiseko sombhobho we-NPN, olingana ne-electrode yokulawula (G) ye-thyristor. Xa i-voltage yangaphambili evumelekileyo isetyenziswa phakathi kwe-A ne-K, iibhubhu ezimbini aziyi kuqhuba. Ngeli xesha, xa i-voltage yangaphambili isetyenziswa phakathi kwe-G kunye ne-K, isiseko solawulo lwangoku olugeleza kwi-V2 senziwe, njalo njalo. Kude kube iityhubhu ezimbini zidibene ngokupheleleyo. Xa ivuliwe, nokuba i-Ig=O, ngenxa yokuba i-V2 inesiseko sangoku kwaye inkulu kakhulu kune-Ig, iityhubhu ezimbini zisavuliwe. Ukwenza i-thyristor conductive inqunyulwe, i-voltage yangaphambili ye-A kunye ne-K kufuneka incitshiswe kwixabiso elithile, okanye iguqulwe, okanye ikhutshwe. Ngokweempawu zokuqhuba ze-SCR, ifayile yokumelana ne-multimeter ingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya. Kwi-thyristor yamandla aphantsi, qhagamshela isiphaluka njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 3 (a), qhagamshela i-touch switch phakathi kwe-thyristor A kunye ne-G (ukuze kube lula ukusebenza), sebenzisa i-R × 1Ω gear ye-multimeter, kwaye udibanise i-black test lead. . Ipali, intambo yovavanyo olubomvu iqhagamshelwe kwi-K. Ngeli xesha, i-voltage efanelekileyo isetyenziswe kwi-thyristor (ngokusebenzisa ibhetri eyomileyo efakwe kwi-multimeter). I-pointer ye-multimeter ayishukumi kwaye i-thyristor ayiqhubeki. Xa umtshintshi ucinezelekile, A, G Xa i-voltage ye-trigger isetyenziswe phakathi kwe-G kunye ne-K, i-thyristor ivuliwe, kwaye i-pointer ye-multimeter iphazamisa kwaye ibhekisele kwixabiso elincinci; xa i-G kunye ne-A inqanyuliwe, i-voltage yokulawula ilahlekile. Ukuba i-pointer ye-multimeter Ukuba isikhundla sihlala singatshintshi, i-thyristor isekho kwisimo sokuqhuba, ebonisa ukuba iimpawu ezibangela i-thyristor zilungile. Ukuba i-G kunye no-A zikhutshiwe, isalathisi se-multimeter siya kuphambukiswa kwaye sibhekise ku-∞. Oko kukuthi, ukuba i-thyristor ayiqhubeki, ibonisa ukuba uphawu olushukumisayo lwe-thyristor alulungile okanye lonakaliswe. Kwi-thyristors enamandla aphezulu, ngenxa yokuhla kwe-voltage enkulu, ukugcinwa kwangoku kunzima ukuyigcina, kubangela ukuba imeko yokuqhubela phambili ibe yimbi. Ngeli xesha, ibhetri eyomileyo kufuneka idibaniswe ngokulandelelana kwi-anode (A) ye-thyristor, njengoko kuboniswe kumfanekiso. Isekethe eboniswe ku-3(b) kufuneka ivavanywe ukunqanda ukugwetywa. Kwi-thyristor yamandla aphezulu, iseli eyomileyo kufuneka idibaniswe kwichungechunge kwisekethe ye-Figure 3 (b) ukwenza umphumo wokuvavanya ubonakale. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa uvavanya indlela enye ye-SCRs ngaphantsi kwe-10A, sebenzisa isiphaluka soqhagamshelwano esiboniswe kuMzobo 3 (a); kwi-10A-100A SCRs, sebenzisa isiphaluka soqhagamshelwano esiboniswe kuMzobo 3 (b) ukuvavanya indlela enye elawulwayo ngaphezu kwe-100A.

Ngesiseko sokuvavanya i-thyristors yendlela enye, ezinye iintlobo ze-thyristors nazo zinokuvavanywa nge-multimeter ngokwesakhiwo sabo esisisiseko.