Nzira yekuona SCR?

Thyristor is the abbreviation for silicon controlled rectifier. There are several types of SCRs: one-way, two-way, turn-off and light-controlled. It has the advantages of small size, light weight, high efficiency, long life, convenient control, etc. It is widely used in various automatic control and high-power electric energy conversion occasions such as controllable rectification, voltage regulation, inverter, and non-contact switch. .

SCR conduction mamiriro: imwe ndeyokuti kumberi kwemhepo kunofanira kushandiswa pakati peanode uye cathode ye thyristor, uye imwe yacho ndeyokuti mhepo yepamberi inofanira kushandiswa kune electrode yekudzora. Mamiriro maviri ari pamusoro apa anofanira kusangana panguva imwe chete, thyristor ichave iri mumamiriro ekuitisa. Mukuwedzera, kana thyristor yakashandurwa, kunyange kana gedhi regedhi rakaderedzwa kana gedhi regedhi richibviswa, thyristor ichiri kutendeuka. SCR turn-off mamiriro: kuderedza kana kubvisa mberi kwemhepo pakati peSCR anode uye cathode, kuitira kuti anode ikozvino ishoma pane zvishoma kugadzirisa ikozvino.

1. Hunhu hwe thyristor:

Iyo thyristor yakakamurwa kuva imwe-nzira thyristor uye maviri-nzira thyristor.

Iyo unidirectional thyristor ine mapini matatu ekutungamirira: anode A, cathode K, uye control electrode G.

Iyo triac ine yekutanga anode A1 (T1), yechipiri anode A2 (T2), uye control electrode G matatu lead pini.

Chete kana magetsi akanaka akaiswa pakati peiyo unidirectional SCR anode A uye cathode K, uye inodiwa inokonzeresa voltage inoiswa pakati peiyo control electrode G uye cathode, inogona kukonzeresa kuitisa. Panguva ino, pane yakaderera-resistance conduction state pakati peA neK, uye kudonha kwevoltage pakati peanode A uye cathode K inenge 1V. Mushure meiyo-nzira imwe SCR yakavhurwa, kunyangwe iyo controller G ikarasikirwa neiyo trigger voltage, chero bedzi iyo yakanaka voltage ichichengetwa pakati peanode A uye cathode K, iyo imwe-nzira SCR inoramba iri mukuderera-kupokana. conduction state. Chete kana anode A voltage yabviswa kana iyo voltage polarity pakati peanode A uye cathode K ichishandurwa (AC zero kuyambuka), unidirectional thyristor inochinja kubva kune yakaderera-resistance conduction state kuenda kune yakakwirira-resistance cut-off state. Kana iyo unidirectional thyristor yagurwa, kunyangwe iyo yakanaka voltage ikashandiswa zvakare pakati peanode A uye cathode K, yakanaka trigger voltage inofanira kuiswa zvakare pakati peiyo control electrode G uye cathode K kuti ibatidzwe. Iyo yekunze uye yekumisa mamiriro eiyo-nzira SCR yakaenzana neiyo yekubatidza uye yekudzima mamiriro ekuchinja, uye inogona kushandiswa kugadzira isiri-yekubata switch.

Pakati pekutanga anode A1 uye yechipiri anode A2 yebidirectional thyristor, zvisinei kuti iyo inoshandiswa voltage polarity iri mberi kana kumashure, chero bedzi iyo trigger voltage ine zvakasiyana-siyana yakanaka uye yakaipa polarity inoshandiswa pakati pemagetsi ekugadzirisa G uye anode yekutanga. A1, inogona kuva Iyo inokonzeresa conduction iri munzvimbo yakaderera-impedance. Panguva ino, kudonha kwevoltage pakati peA1 neA2 kuri kuitawo 1V. Kana iyo triac yabatidzwa, inogona kuramba ichibatidzwa kunyangwe iyo trigger voltage yarasika. Chete kana ikozvino yekutanga anode A1 uye yechipiri anode A2 inoderera uye ishoma pane inogadzirisa ikozvino kana kana voltage polarity pakati peA1 neA2 ichichinja uye pasina chinokonzeresa voltage, iyo triac ichagurwa. Panguva ino, iyo trigger voltage inogona kushandiswa zvakare. Kuitisa.

2. Kuonekwa kwenzira imwe-nzira SCR:

Iyo multimeter inosarudza kushorwa R * 1Ω, uye tsvuku uye dema bvunzo inotungamira inoshandiswa kuyera kumberi uye kudzosera kuramba pakati pepini mbiri kusvika peya yepini ine kuverenga kwemakumi ohms yawanikwa. Panguva ino, pini ye black test lead ndiyo control electrode G , Iyo pini ye red test lead ndiyo cathode K, uye imwe pini yakasununguka ndiyo anode A. Panguva ino, batanidza muedzo wekuda kutungamirira kune akatonga anode A, uye muedzo mutsvuku unotungamirira kune cathode K. Iyo pointer ye multimeter haifaniri kufamba panguva ino. Shandisa tambo pfupi kuti ubatanidze pakarepo anode A uye kudzora electrode G. Panguva ino, iyo multimeter yemagetsi blocking pointer inofanira kutsauswa kurudyi, uye kuramba kuverenga kunenge gumi ohms. Kana iyo anode A yakabatana kune dema bvunzo lead uye cathode K yakabatana kune yakatsvuka bvunzo lead, chinongedzo chemultimeter chichatsauka, zvichiratidza kuti nzira imwe chete SCR yakaputsika uye yakakuvadzwa.

3. Kuonekwa kweTriac:

Shandisa multimeter kuramba R * 1Ω block, shandisa zvinyoreso zvitsvuku uye zvitema mita kuyera kunaka uye kwakashata kuramba pakati pepini mbiri, uye mhedzisiro yemaseti maviri ekuverenga isingaperi. Kana imwe seti iri makumi emaohm, mapini maviri akabatana neseti yewachi dzvuku nedema ndiyo yekutanga anode A1 uye yekudzora electrode G, uye imwe pini yemahara ndiyo yechipiri anode A2. Mushure mekusarudza matanda eA1 neG, nyatsoyera kupikisa kwakanaka uye kudzosera kumashure pakati peA1 neG matanda. Pini yakabatana neyeblack test lead ine kuverenga kudiki ndiyo yekutanga anode A1, uye pini yakabatana kune dzvuku bvunzo lead ndiyo Kudzora danda G. Batanidza iyo dema bvunzo inotungamira kune yakatemwa yechipiri anode A2 uye tsvuku bvunzo inotungamira ku. yekutanga anode A1. Panguva ino, chinongedzo che multimeter hachifanirwe kukanganiswa, uye kukosha kwekupokana hakuperi. Wobva washandisa waya pfupi kupfupisa mapango eA2 neG ipapo ipapo, woisa yakanaka trigger voltage kuG pole. Kupokana pakati peA2 neA1 kunosvika gumi ohms. Wobva wabvisa waya pfupi pakati peA10 neG, uye kuverenga kwemultimeter kunofanirwa kuchengetedza gumi ohms. Shandura dzvuku uye dema bvunzo inotungamira, batanidza iyo tsvuku bvunzo inotungamira kune yechipiri anode A2, uye dema bvunzo inotungamira kune yekutanga anode A10. Saizvozvo, chinongedzo cheiyo multimeter haifanirwe kutsauswa, uye kushorwa kunofanira kunge kusingagumi. Shandisa waya pfupi kupfupi-sekita matanda eA2 neG zvakare ipapo ipapo, uye shandisa yakaipa trigger voltage kuG pole. Kupokana pakati peA1 neA2 zvakare kunosvika gumi ohms. Wobva wabvisa waya pfupi pakati peA1 neG matanda, uye kuverenga kwemultimeter kunofanira kuramba kusingachinji paanenge gumi ohms. Zvinoenderana nemitemo iri pamusoro, inoratidza kuti yakaedzwa triac haina kukuvara uye polarity yemapini matatu inotongwa nemazvo.

Paunenge uchiona maSCR ane simba guru, 1.5V yakaoma bhatiri inoda kubatanidzwa munhevedzano nepeni nhema yemultimeter kuti iwedzere trigger voltage.

4. Pin identification ye thyristor (SCR):

Kutongwa kwepini thyristor kunogona kuitwa nenzira dzinotevera: Kutanga, kuyera kushorwa pakati pemapini matatu ane multimeter R * 1K. Mapini maviri ane diki diki inopikisa ndiyo control electrode uye cathode, uye pini yasara ndiyo anode. Wobva waisa iyo multimeter muR * 10K block, pinza anode uye rimwe gumbo neminwe yako, uye usarega tsoka mbiri dzichibata, batanidza dema bvunzo inotungamira kune anode, uye tsvuku bvunzo inotungamira kune yasara gumbo. Kana tsono ichisvetukira kurudyi, zvinoreva dzvuku bvunzo mutobvu Yakabatanidzwa sezvo cathode, kana isingazungunuki, ndiyo kudzora electrode.

Iyo unidirectional thyristor inoumbwa nezvinhu zvitatu zvePN junction semiconductor, uye chimiro chayo, chiratidzo uye dunhu rakaenzana zvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 1.

Thyristor ine maelectrode matatu: anode (A), cathode (K) uye control electrode (G). Kubva pane yakaenzana dunhu rekuona, iyo anode (A) uye control electrode (G) maviri PN junctions akabatana munhevedzano ane polarities akapesana, uye control electrode (G) uye cathode (K) iPN junction. Zvinoenderana neunidirectional conductivity maitiro eiyo PN junction, sarudza iyo yakakodzera faira yekupikisa yepointer multimeter, uye edza kupokana kwakanaka uye kwakashata pakati pemapango (mapango maviri akafanana, chinjana maitiro maviri ekupikisa akayerwa nepeni yekuyedza) . Kune yakajairwa thyristor, G Kumberi nekudzokera kumashure kupikisa pakati peG neK kwakasiyana kwazvo; kumberi nekumashure kupokana pakati peG neK uye A idiki kwazvo, uye maitiro avo ekupikisa akakura kwazvo. Ichi mhedzisiro yebvunzo yakasarudzika, uye iyo polarity ye thyristor inogona kutsanangurwa zvichienderana nekusiyana uku. Shandisa multimeter kuyera kumberi uye kudzosera kupikisa pakati peSCR electrode muR × 1K faira, uye sarudza ma electrode maviri ane musiyano mukuru pamberi uye reverse kuramba. Kune iyo control electrode (G), iyo dzvuku bvunzo lead yakabatana kune cathode (K), uye yasara electrode ndiyo anode (A). Nokutonga polarity ye thyristor, hutano hwe thyristor hunogonawo kugadziriswa nemhando. Kana mutsauko uripo pakati pekupikisa kumberi nekumashure kwechero matanda maviri muyedzo uri mudiki kwazvo, uye maitiro ekupikisa akakura kwazvo, zvinoratidza kuti pane kukanganisa kwedunhu rakavhurika pakati peG neK; kana kupikisa kwepamberi nekudzoka pakati pematanda maviri ari maduku zvikuru uye achiswedera Pa zero, pane inter-electrode short-circuit kukanganisa mukati me SCR.

Imwe-nzira SCR inokonzeresa hunhu bvunzo:

Iyo imwe-nzira thyristor yakafanana mune iyo yose ine unidirectional conductivity, asi mutsauko ndewekuti kutungamira kwe thyristor kunodzorwawo nemagetsi egedhi. Kureva kuti, mamiriro maviri anofanirwa kusangana kuti thyristor ivhurwe: iyo yakanaka voltage inofanira kuiswa pakati peanode (A) uye cathode (K), uye kumberi kwemagetsi kunofanirwawo kuiswa pakati peiyo control electrode. G) uye cathode (K) . Apo thyristor yakashandurwa, iyo electrode yekudzora inorasikirwa nebasa rayo. Iyo conduction process ye unidirectional thyristor inogona kuenzanisirwa nedunhu rakaenzana rinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2: Iyo emitter yePNP tube yakaenzana neanode ye thyristor (A), uye emitter yeNPN chubhu yakaenzana ne cathode ye. the thyristor (K) , Muunganidzi wePNP tube yakabatanidzwa kune imwe nheyo yeNPN tube, iyo yakaenzana nekutonga electrode (G) ye thyristor. Kana iyo inobvumidzwa yekumberi voltage ichiiswa pakati peA neK, machubhu maviri haaitise. Panguva ino, kana kumberi kwemhepo kunoshandiswa pakati peG neK, nheyo yekutonga ikozvino inoyerera muV2 inoumbwa, zvichingodaro. Kusvikira machubhu maviri anyatsobatanidzwa. Kana yabatidzwa, kunyangwe Ig = O, nekuti V2 ine base ikozvino uye yakakura kupfuura Ig, machubhu maviri achiri akabatidzwa. Kuita kuti conductive thyristor igurwe, iyo yekumberi voltage yeA uye K inofanira kudzikiswa kune imwe kukosha, kana kudzoserwa kumashure, kana kubviswa. According to the conductive characteristics of the SCR, the resistance file of a multimeter can be used for testing. For low-power thyristor, connect the circuit as shown in Figure 3(a), connect a touch switch between thyristor A and G (for ease of operation), use the R×1Ω gear of the multimeter, and connect the black test lead. A pole, the red test lead is connected to K. Panguva ino, simba rakanaka rinoshandiswa kune thyristor (kuburikidza nebheteri yakaoma yakasungirirwa kune multimeter). Iyo pointer ye multimeter haina kufamba uye thyristor haiiti. Kana shanduko ichidzvanywa, A, G Kana iyo trigger voltage inoshandiswa pakati peG neK, thyristor inovhurwa, uye pointer ye multimeter inokanganisa uye inonongedza kune diki kukosha; kana G naA vadzimwa, magetsi ekudzora anorasika. Kana iyo pointer ye multimeter Kana iyo nzvimbo ikaramba isina kuchinjwa, thyristor ichiri mumamiriro ekuitisa, zvichiratidza kuti maitiro ekutanga e thyristor akanaka. Kana G naA vakabviswa, chinongedzo chemultimeter chinonge chadzorwa uye chinongedza ku ∞. Ndiko kuti, kana thyristor isiri kuitisa, inoratidza kuti hunhu hunokonzeresa hwe thyristor hahuna kunaka kana kukuvara. Kune ma thyristors ane simba rakakwirira, nekuda kwekudonha kukuru kwe-voltage, kugadzirisa ikozvino kwakaoma kuchengetedza, zvichiita kuti conduction state ive yakashata. Panguva ino, bhatiri rakaoma rinofanira kubatanidzwa mumutsara kune anode (A) ye thyristor, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo. Dunhu rinoratidzwa mu3(b) rinofanirwa kuedzwa kuti rirege kukanganisa. Kune yakakwirira-simba thyristor, sero rakaoma rinofanira kubatanidzwa munhevedzano padunhu reMufananidzo 3 (b) kuita kuti bvunzo dzive pachena. Kazhinji kutaura, paunenge uchiyedza imwe-nzira SCRs pazasi 10A, shandisa dunhu rekubatanidza rinoratidzwa muFigure 3 (a); ye10A-100A SCRs, shandisa dunhu rekubatanidza rinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3 (b) kuedza nzira imwe chete inodzoreka pamusoro pe100A.

Pahwaro hwekuyedza imwe-nzira thyristors, mamwe marudzi e thyristors anogona zvakare kuedzwa ne multimeter zvichienderana neyavo yekutanga chimiro.