Mokhoa oa ho tseba SCR?

Sethala ke khutsufatso ea silicon controlled rectifier. Ho na le mefuta e ‘maloa ea SCRs: tsela e le’ ngoe, litsela tse peli, ho tima le ho laoloa ke khanya. E na le melemo ea boholo bo nyane, boima bo bobebe, ts’ebetso e phahameng, bophelo bo bolelele, taolo e bonolo, joalo-joalo E sebelisoa haholo maemong a fapaneng a taolo ea othomathiki le liketsahalo tse matla tsa ho fetola matla a matla a motlakase joalo ka tokiso e laoloang, taolo ea motlakase, inverter, le ho se sebetse. -ho ikopanya le switch. .

Maemo a ho khanna a SCR: e ‘ngoe ke hore motlakase o ka pele o tlameha ho sebelisoa pakeng tsa anode le cathode ea thyristor,’ me e ‘ngoe ke hore motlakase oa pele o lokela ho sebelisoa ho electrode ea taolo. Maemo a mabeli a ka holimo a tlameha ho finyelloa ka nako e le ‘ngoe, thyristor e tla ba boemong ba ho khanna. Ho phaella moo, hang ha thyristor e buletsoe, esita le haeba motlakase oa heke o fokotsehile kapa motlakase oa heke o tlosoa, thyristor e ntse e butsoe. Maemo a ho tima SCR: fokotsa kapa u tlose motlakase oa pele pakeng tsa anode ea SCR le cathode, e le hore anode ea hona joale e fokotsehe ho feta bonyane ba hona joale ba tlhokomelo.

1. Litšobotsi tsa thyristor:

Thyristor e arotsoe ka tsela e le ‘ngoe ea thyristor le thyristor ea litsela tse peli.

Unidirectional thyristor e na le likhoele tse tharo tse etellang pele: anode A, cathode K, le electrode ea taolo ea G.

Triac e na le anode ea pele ea A1 (T1), anode ea bobeli A2 (T2), le electrode ea taolo ea G tse tharo tse etellang pele.

Ke feela ha motlakase o motle o sebelisoa pakeng tsa SCR anode A unidirectional le cathode K, ‘me motlakase o hlokahalang oa pele o sebelisoa pakeng tsa motlakase oa G le cathode, o ka susumelletseha ho tsamaisa. Ka nako ena, ho na le boemo bo tlase ba ho hanyetsa conduction pakeng tsa A le K, ‘me ho theoha ha motlakase pakeng tsa anode A le cathode K ke hoo e ka bang 1V. Ka mor’a hore SCR ea tsela e le ‘ngoe e buletsoe, esita le haeba molaoli oa G a lahleheloa ke motlakase oa trigger, ha feela motlakase o motle o ntse o le teng pakeng tsa anode A le cathode K, SCR ea tsela e le’ ngoe e ntse e tsoela pele ho ba boemong bo tlaase. boemo ba conduction. Ke feela ha anode A voltage e tlosoa kapa polarity ea voltage pakeng tsa anode A le cathode K e fetoloa (AC zero crossing), thyristor ea unidirectional e tla fetoha ho tloha sebakeng se tlaase sa ho hanyetsa ho ea ho boemo bo phahameng ba ho hanyetsa. Hang ha thyristor ea unidirectional e khaotsoe, esita le haeba motlakase o motle o sebelisoa hape pakeng tsa anode A le cathode K, motlakase o motle oa trigger o tlameha ho sebelisoa hape pakeng tsa electrode ea G le cathode K ho buloa. Boemo ba ho bulela le ho tima ba SCR ea tsela e le ‘ngoe bo lekana le boemo ba ho bulela le ho tima ba switjha, ‘me e ka sebelisoa ho etsa switch e sa amaneng le motho.

Pakeng tsa anode ea pele ea A1 le anode ea bobeli ea A2 ea bidirectional thyristor, ho sa tsotellehe hore na polarity ea motlakase e sebelisitsoeng e ea pele kapa e khutlela morao, ha feela motlakase oa trigger o nang le polarity e fapaneng e ntle le e mpe e sebelisoa pakeng tsa electrode ea G le anode ea pele. A1, e ka ba The trigger conduction e maemong a tlase a impedance. Ka nako ena, ho theoha ha motlakase pakeng tsa A1 le A2 le hona ho ka ba 1V. Hang ha triac e buletsoe, e ka tsoela pele ho buloa le haeba motlakase oa trigger o lahlehile. Ke feela ha hona joale ea anode A1 ea pele le anode A2 ea bobeli e fokotseha ‘me e le ka tlase ho nako ea tlhokomelo kapa ha polarity ea motlakase pakeng tsa A1 le A2 e fetoha’ me ho se na motlakase oa trigger, triac e tla khaoloa. Ka nako ena, motlakase oa trigger o ka sebelisoa hape. Tsamaiso.

2. Ho lemoha tsela e le ‘ngoe ea SCR:

Multimeter e khetha khanyetso ea R * 1Ω, ‘me lisebelisoa tse khubelu le tse ntšo tsa teko li sebelisetsoa ho lekanya khanyetso ea pele le ea morao pakeng tsa lithapo leha e le life tse peli ho fihlela ho fumanoa lithapo tse nang le palo ea li-ohms tse mashome. Ka nako ena, pinana ea teko e ntšo e etellang pele ke electrode ea taolo G , Pini ea teko e khubelu ea teko ke cathode K, ‘me pinana e’ ngoe e sa lefelloeng ke anode A. Ka nako ena, kopanya teko e ntšo e lebisang ho ahlola anode A, ‘me teko e khubelu e lebisa ho cathode K. Pointer ea multimeter ha ea lokela ho sisinyeha ka nako ena. Sebelisa terata e khutšoanyane ho kopanya hang-hang anode A le ho laola electrode G. Ka nako ena, mochine o thibelang motlakase oa multimeter o lokela ho khelosoa ka ho le letona, ‘me ho bala ho hanyetsa hoo e ka bang 10 ohms. Haeba anode A e hokahane le moetapele oa teko e ntšo ‘me cathode K e hokahane le tataiso e khubelu ea teko, pointer ea multimeter e tla kheloha, e bontšang hore SCR ea tsela e le’ ngoe e senyehile ebile e senyehile.

Tlhaloso ea Triac:

Sebelisa li-multimeter resistance R*1Ω block, sebelisa lipene tsa metara tse khubelu le tse ntšo ho lekanya khanyetso e ntle le e mpe lipakeng tsa likhoele leha e le life tse peli, ‘me liphetho tsa lihlopha tse peli tsa lipalo ha li na moeli. Haeba sete e le ‘ngoe e le mashome a ohms, lithakhisa tse peli tse hokahaneng le sete ea lioache tse khubelu le tse ntšo ke anode ea pele A1 le eleketrode ea taolo ea G,’ me pini e ‘ngoe ea mahala ke anode ea bobeli ea A2. Ka mor’a ho khetholla lipalo tsa A1 le G, lekanya ka hloko ho hanyetsa ho nepahetseng le ho khutlisetsa morao pakeng tsa lipalo tsa A1 le G. Pini e hokahaneng le moetapele oa tlhahlobo e ntšo e nang le palo e batlang e le nyane ke anode ea pele ea A1, ‘me pinana e hokahaneng le tataiso e khubelu ea teko ke Control pole G. Kopanya teko e ntšo e lebisang ho anode ea bobeli e ikemiselitseng A2 le tlhahlobo e khubelu e lebisang ho anode ea pele ea A1. Ka nako ena, pointer ea multimeter ha ea lokela ho khelosoa, ‘me boleng ba ho hanyetsa ha bo felle. Ebe u sebelisa terata e khuts’oane ho khutsufatsa lipalo tsa A2 le G hang-hang, ‘me u sebelise motlakase o motle oa trigger ho G pole. Ho hanyetsa pakeng tsa A2 le A1 ke hoo e ka bang 10 ohms. Ebe o khaola terata e khuts’oane pakeng tsa A2 le G, ‘me palo ea li-multimeter e lokela ho boloka hoo e ka bang 10 ohms. Ho fapanyetsana moeta-pele oa liteko tse khubelu le tse ntšo, kopanya teko e khubelu ho ea ho anode ea bobeli ea A2, ‘me tlhahlobo e ntšo e lebisa ho anode ea pele ea A1. Ka mokhoa o ts’oanang, pointer ea multimeter ha ea lokela ho khelosoa, ‘me khanyetso e lokela ho ba e sa feleng. Sebelisa terata e khuts’oane ho potoloha lipalo tsa A2 le G hang hang, ‘me u sebelise motlakase o mobe ho G pole. Khanyetso pakeng tsa A1 le A2 le eona e ka ba 10 ohms. Ebe o khaola terata e khuts’oane pakeng tsa lipalo tsa A2 le G, ‘me palo ea li-multimeter e lokela ho lula e sa fetohe hoo e ka bang 10 ohms. Ho ea ka melao e ka holimo, e bontša hore triac e lekiloeng ha e senyehe ‘me polarity ea lipini tse tharo e ahloloa ka nepo.

Ha u lemoha li-SCR tse matla haholo, betri e omeletseng ea 1.5V e hloka ho hokahanngoa ka letoto le pene e ntšo ea multimeter ho eketsa motlakase oa trigger.

4. Tlhaloso ea phini ea thyristor (SCR):

Kahlolo ea likhoele tsa thyristor e ka etsoa ka litsela tse latelang: Ntlha ea pele, lekanya ho hanyetsa pakeng tsa lithapo tse tharo tse nang le multimeter R * 1K. Lithapa tse peli tse nang le khanyetso e nyane ke electrode ea taolo le cathode, ‘me pinana e setseng ke anode. Ebe u kenya multimeter ho thibela ea R * 10K, penya anode le leoto le leng ka menoana ea hau, ‘me u se ke ua lumella maoto a mabeli ho ama, kopanya teko e ntšo ho anode,’ me teko e khubelu e lebisa leoto le setseng. Haeba nale e suthela ka ho le letona, e bolela hore teko e khubelu ea pele e Hokahane e le cathode, haeba e sa sisinyehe, ke electrode ea taolo.

Unidirectional thyristor e entsoe ka lisebelisoa tse tharo tsa PN junction semiconductor, mme sebopeho sa eona sa mantlha, letšoao le potoloho e lekanang li bonts’itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 1.

Thyristor e na le li-electrode tse tharo: anode (A), cathode (K) le electrode ea taolo (G). Ho tloha ponong e lekanang ea potoloho, anode (A) le electrode ea taolo (G) ke li-junctions tse peli tsa PN tse amanang le lihlopha tse nang le polarities tse fapaneng, ‘me motlakase oa taolo (G) le cathode (K) ke karolo ea PN. Ho ea ka litšoaneleho tsa unidirectional conductivity tsa PN junction, khetha faele e nepahetseng ea ho hanyetsa ea pointer multimeter, ‘me u leke khanyetso e ntle le e mpe pakeng tsa lipalo (lipalo tse peli tse tšoanang, fapanyetsana litekanyetso tse peli tsa ho hanyetsa tse lekantsoeng ke pene ea teko) . Bakeng sa thyristor e tloaelehileng, G Ho hanyetsa pele le ka morao pakeng tsa G le K ho fapane haholo; likhanyetso tse ka pele le tse ka morao pakeng tsa G le K le A li nyane haholo, ‘me litekanyetso tsa bona tsa ho hanyetsa li kholo haholo. Sephetho sena sa teko se ikhethile, ‘me polarity ea thyristor e ka khethoa ho latela ho ikhetha hona. Sebelisa multimeter ho lekanya likhanyetso tse ka pele le tse khutlisetsang morao pakeng tsa li-electrode tsa SCR ka faele ea R × 1K, ‘me u khethe li-electrode tse peli tse nang le phapang e kholo ho ea pele le ho khutlela morao. Bakeng sa electrode ea taolo (G), tataiso e khubelu ea teko e hokahane le cathode (K), ‘me electrode e setseng ke anode (A). Ka ho ahlola polarity ea thyristor, boleng ba thyristor bo ka boela ba khethoa ka boleng. Haeba phapang pakeng tsa ho hanyetsa ka pele le ka morao ea lipalo tse peli tekong e nyenyane haholo, ‘me litekanyetso tsa ho hanyetsa li le khōlō haholo, ho bontša hore ho na le phoso ea potoloho e bulehileng pakeng tsa G le K; haeba likhanyetso tse ka pele le tse ka morao pakeng tsa lipalo tse peli li nyenyane haholo ‘me li atamela Ho zero, ho na le phoso ea “inter-electrode short-circuit” ka hare ho SCR.

SCR ea tsela e le ‘ngoe e qala tlhahlobo ea sebopeho:

Tsela e le ‘ngoe ea thyristor e tšoana le hore bobeli ba na le conductivity ea unidirectional, empa phapang ke hore ho tsamaisoa ha thyristor ho boetse ho laoloa ke motlakase oa heke. Ka mantsoe a mang, maemo a mabeli a tlameha ho finyelloa bakeng sa ho buloa ha thyristor: ho lokela ho sebelisoa motlakase o motle pakeng tsa anode (A) le cathode (K), ‘me motlakase oa pele o lokela ho sebelisoa pakeng tsa electrode ea taolo. G) le cathode (K) . Ha thyristor e buletsoe, electrode ea taolo e lahleheloa ke mosebetsi oa eona. Ts’ebetso ea conduction ea thyristor unidirectional e ka tšoantšetsoa ke potoloho e lekanang e bontšitsoeng ho Setšoantšo sa 2: Emitter ea PNP tube e lekana le anode ea thyristor (A), le emitter ea NPN tube e lekana le cathode ea the thyristor (K) , Mokelli oa tube ea PNP o kopantsoe le setsi sa NPN tube, e lekanang le electrode ea taolo (G) ea thyristor. Ha motlakase oa pele o lumelletsoeng o sebelisoa pakeng tsa A le K, li-tubes tse peli li ke ke tsa tsamaisa. Nakong ena, ha motlakase oa pele o sebelisoa pakeng tsa G le K, motheo oa hona joale oa taolo o phallang ho V2 o thehoa, joalo-joalo. Ho fihlela li-tubes tse peli li kopantsoe ka ho feletseng. Ha e butsoe, leha e le Ig=O, hobane V2 e na le setsi sa hona joale mme e kholo ho feta Ig, li-tubes tse peli li ntse li buletsoe. Ho etsa hore conductive thyristor e khaotsoe, motlakase oa pele oa A le K o tlameha ho fokotsoa ho boleng bo itseng, kapa o khutlisetsoe morao, kapa o khaotsoe. Ho ea ka litšobotsi tsa conductive tsa SCR, faele ea ho hanyetsa ea multimeter e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo. Bakeng sa thyristor ea matla a tlaase, kopanya potoloho joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 3 (a), kopanya mochine oa ho ama pakeng tsa thyristor A le G (bakeng sa ts’ebetso e bonolo), sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa R×1Ω tsa multimeter, ‘me u kopanye tataiso e ntšo ea teko. . Pale, mothapo o mofubelu oa teko o hokahane le K. Ka nako ena, motlakase o motle o sebelisoa ho thyristor (ka betri e omeletseng e kopantsoeng le multimeter). Pointer ea multimeter ha e sisinyehe mme thyristor ha e tsamaise. Ha sesebelisoa se hatelloa, A, G Ha motlakase oa trigger o sebelisoa pakeng tsa G le K, thyristor e buletsoe, ‘me pointer ea multimeter e kheloha’ me e supa boleng bo fokolang; ha G le A li khaotsoe, motlakase oa taolo oa lahleha. Haeba pointer ea multimeter Haeba boemo bo ntse bo sa fetohe, thyristor e ntse e le boemong ba ho khanna, e bontšang hore litšobotsi tse susumetsang tsa thyristor li ntle. Haeba G le A li khaotsoe, pointer ea multimeter e tla fapoha ebe e supa ho ∞. Ke hore, haeba thyristor e sa tsamaise, e bontša hore tšobotsi e tsosang ea thyristor ha e ntle kapa e senyehile. Bakeng sa li-thyristors tse nang le matla a phahameng, ka lebaka la ho theoha ho hoholo ha motlakase, ho thata ho boloka hona joale, ho etsa hore boemo ba conduction bo futsanehe. Ka nako ena, betri e omeletseng e lokela ho kopanngoa letoto ho anode (A) ea thyristor, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong. Potoloho e bontšitsoeng ho 3(b) e lokela ho lekoa ho qoba kahlolo e fosahetseng. Bakeng sa thyristor e matla haholo, sele e omeletseng e lokela ho kopanngoa ka letoto la potoloho ea Setšoantšo sa 3 (b) ho etsa hore phello ea teko e be e hlakileng. Ka kakaretso, ha u leka li-SCR tsa tsela e le ‘ngoe ka tlase ho 10A, sebelisa potoloho ea khokahanyo e bontšitsoeng ho Setšoantšo sa 3 (a); bakeng sa 10A-100A SCRs, sebelisa potoloho ea khokahano e bontšitsoeng ho Setšoantšo sa 3 (b) ho hlahloba tsela e le ‘ngoe e laoloang ka holimo ho 100A.

Motheong oa ho hlahloba li-thyristors tsa tsela e le ‘ngoe, mefuta e meng ea thyristors e ka boela ea lekoa ka multimeter ho ea ka sebopeho sa bona sa motheo.