Ungayithola kanjani i-SCR?

I-Thyristor isifinyezo se-silicon controlled rectifier. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-SCRs: indlela eyodwa, indlela emibili, ukucisha kanye nokulawulwa ukukhanya. Inezinzuzo zosayizi omncane, isisindo esilula, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, impilo ende, ukulawula okulula, njll. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekulawuleni okuzenzakalelayo okuhlukahlukene kanye nezikhathi zokuguqula amandla kagesi anamandla amakhulu njengokulungiswa okulawulwayo, ukulawulwa kwamandla kagesi, inverter, nokungewona. -contact switch. .

Izimo ze-SCR conduction: enye iwukuthi i-voltage eya phambili kufanele isetshenziswe phakathi kwe-anode ne-cathode ye-thyristor, kanti enye iwukuthi i-voltage eya phambili kufanele isetshenziswe ku-electrode yokulawula. Izimo ezimbili ezingenhla kufanele zihlangane ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-thyristor izoba esimweni sokuqhuba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma i-thyristor ivuliwe, ngisho noma i-voltage yesango iyancipha noma i-voltage yesango isusiwe, i-thyristor isavuliwe. Izimo zokuvala i-SCR: nciphisa noma susa i-voltage eya phambili phakathi kwe-anode ye-SCR kanye ne-cathode, ukuze i-anode yamanje ibe ngaphansi kokugcina ubuncane bamanje.

1. Izici ze-thyristor:

I-thyristor ihlukaniswe yaba yi-thyristor yendlela eyodwa kanye ne-thyristor enezindlela ezimbili.

I-thyristor ye-unidirectional inamaphini okuhola amathathu: i-anode A, i-cathode K, ne-electrode yokulawula G.

I-triac ine-anode yokuqala A1 (T1), i-anode yesibili A2 (T2), kanye ne-electrode yokulawula G izikhonkwane ezintathu zokuhola.

Kuphela uma i-voltage eqondile isetshenziswa phakathi kwe-anode A ye-SCR engaqondile kanye ne-cathode K, futhi i-voltage ye-trigger eya phambili edingekayo isetshenziswa phakathi kwe-electrode yokulawula G kanye ne-cathode, ingavuswa ukuthi iqhube. Ngalesi sikhathi, kunesimo sokuqhuba sokumelana okuphansi phakathi kuka-A no-K, futhi ukwehla kwamandla kagesi phakathi kwe-anode A ne-cathode K cishe ku-1V. Ngemuva kokuthi i-SCR yendlela eyodwa ivuliwe, noma ngabe isilawuli G silahlekelwa i-trigger voltage, inqobo nje uma i-voltage eqondile igcinwa phakathi kwe-anode A ne-cathode K, i-SCR yendlela eyodwa iyaqhubeka nokuba nokumelana okuphansi. isimo conduction. Kuphela uma kukhishwa i-anode A voltage noma i-voltage polarity phakathi kwe-anode A ne-cathode K ishintshwa (i-AC zero crossing), i-thyristor ye-unidirectional izoshintsha isuke kusimo sokuqhuba imelana kancane iye esimweni sokunqanyulwa kokumelana okuphezulu. Uma i-thyristor engaqondile inqanyuliwe, ngisho noma i-voltage ephozithivu iphinda isetshenziswe phakathi kwe-anode A ne-cathode K, i-voltage ye-trigger eqondile kufanele ifakwe kabusha phakathi kwe-electrode G kanye ne-cathode K ukuze ivulwe. Isimo sokuvula nokuvala se-SCR yendlela eyodwa silingana nesimo sokuvula nokuvala sokushintsha, futhi singasetshenziswa ukwenza ukushintshwa okungeyena othintwayo.

Phakathi kwe-anode yokuqala engu-A1 kanye ne-anode yesibili engu-A2 ye-thyristor ye-bidirectional, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-voltage polarity esetshenzisiwe iya phambili noma ihlehla, inqobo nje uma i-voltage yesiqhumane ene-polarity ehlukile ehlukile nenegethivu isetshenziswa phakathi kwe-electrode G kanye ne-anode yokuqala. A1, kungaba I-trigger conduction isesimweni sokuphazamiseka okuphansi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukwehla kwamandla kagesi phakathi kwe-A1 ne-A2 nakho cishe ku-1V. Uma i-triac ivuliwe, ingaqhubeka nokuvulwa ngisho noma i-voltage yesibangeli ilahlekile. Kuphela lapho okwamanje kwe-anode yokuqala A1 kanye ne-anode A2 yesibili kuncipha futhi ingaphansi kwamandla okulungisa noma lapho i-voltage polarity phakathi kwe-A1 ne-A2 ishintsha futhi ingekho i-trigger voltage, i-triac izonqanyulwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-trigger voltage ingaphinda isetshenziswe kabusha. Ukuqhuba.

2. Ukutholwa kwendlela eyodwa ye-SCR:

I-multimeter ikhetha ukumelana no-R*1Ω, futhi imikhondo yokuhlola ebomvu nemnyama isetshenziselwa ukukala ukumelana nokuya phambili nokuhlehla phakathi kwanoma yimaphi amaphini amabili kuze kutholakale ipheya lamaphini afundwa amashumi ama-ohms. Ngalesi sikhathi, iphinikhodi ye-black test lead i-electrode yokulawula G , Iphinikhodi yokuhlola okubomvu i-cathode K, kanti enye iphinikhodi yamahhala i-anode A. Ngalesi sikhathi, xhuma i-black test lead ku- wahlulelwe i-anode A, futhi ukuhlolwa okubomvu kuholela ku-cathode K. I-pointer ye-multimeter akufanele ihambe ngalesi sikhathi. Sebenzisa ucingo olufushane ukuze uxhume ngokushesha i-anode A nokulawula i-electrode G. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-multimeter electric block pointer kufanele iphambukiselwe kwesokudla, futhi ukufundwa kokumelana cishe ku-10 ohms. Uma i-anode A ixhunywe kumthofu wokuhlola omnyama futhi i-cathode K ixhunywe kumthofu wokuhlola obomvu, isikhombisi se-multimeter sizophambuka, okubonisa ukuthi i-SCR yendlela eyodwa iphukile futhi yonakele.

Ukutholwa kwe-Triac:

Sebenzisa i-multimeter resistance R*1Ω block, sebenzisa amapeni amamitha abomvu namnyama ukuze ulinganise ukuphikisa okuhle nokubi phakathi kwanoma yimaphi amaphini amabili, futhi imiphumela yamasethi amabili okufundwayo ayinamkhawulo. Uma isethi eyodwa ingamashumi ama-ohms, izikhonkwane ezimbili ezixhunywe kusethi yamawashi abomvu namnyama yi-anode yokuqala engu-A1 kanye ne-electrode G, kanti enye iphinikhodi yamahhala iyi-anode A2 yesibili. Ngemva kokunquma izigxobo ze-A1 ne-G, linganisa ngokucophelela ukumelana okuhle nokuhlehlayo phakathi kwezigxobo ze-A1 ne-G. Iphinikhodi exhunywe ekuhlolweni okumnyama okuholayo ngokufundwa okuncane kakhulu i-anode yokuqala engu-A1, futhi iphinikhodi exhunywe kumthofu wokuhlola obomvu ithi Control pole G. Xhuma umthofu wokuhlola omnyama ku-anode yesibili enqunyiwe kanye nomphumela wokuhlola obomvu ku- i-anode yokuqala engu-A2. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-pointer ye-multimeter akufanele iguqulwe, futhi inani lokumelana alipheli. Bese usebenzisa intambo emfushane ukuze ufinyeze izigxobo ze-A1 ne-G khona manjalo, bese usebenzisa i-voltage yokucupha ephozithivu esigxotsheni se-G. Ukumelana phakathi kwe-A2 ne-A2 cishe ku-1 ohms. Bese unqamula ucingo olufushane phakathi kuka-A10 no-G, futhi ukufundwa kwe-multimeter kufanele kugcine cishe ama-ohms angu-2. Shintshanisa imikhondo yokuhlola ebomvu nemnyama, xhuma umkhondo wokuhlola obomvu ku-anode yesibili A10, bese ukuhlolwa okumnyama kuholele ku-anode yokuqala A2. Ngokufanayo, i-pointer ye-multimeter akufanele iguqulwe, futhi ukumelana kufanele kungapheli. Sebenzisa intambo emfushane ukuze ujikeleze izigxobo ze-A1 ne-G futhi khona manjalo, futhi usebenzise i-voltage yokucupha engemihle esigxotsheni se-G. Ukumelana phakathi kwe-A2 ne-A1 nakho kucishe kube ngu-2 ohms. Bese unqamula ucingo olufushane phakathi kwezigxobo ze-A10 ne-G, futhi ukufundwa kwe-multimeter kufanele kuhlale kungashintshiwe cishe ku-2 ohms. Ngokuhambisana nemithetho engenhla, kubonisa ukuthi i-triac ehloliwe ayilimazi futhi i-polarity yezikhonkwane ezintathu yahlulelwa ngendlela efanele.

Uma ithola ama-SCR anamandla aphezulu, ibhethri elomile elingu-1.5V lidinga ukuxhunywa ochungechungeni ngosiba olumnyama lwe-multimeter ukuze kukhuliswe i-trigger voltage.

4. Ukuhlonza iphinikhodi ye-thyristor (SCR):

Ukwahlulela kwezikhonkwane ze-thyristor kungenziwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo: Okokuqala, linganisa ukumelana phakathi kwezikhonkwane ezintathu nge-multimeter R * 1K. Izikhonkwane ezimbili ezinokumelana okuncane yi-electrode yokulawula kanye ne-cathode, kanti iphinikhodi esele yi-anode. Bese ufaka i-multimeter kubhulokhi ye-R*10K, cindezela i-anode nomunye umlenze ngeminwe yakho, futhi ungavumeli izinyawo ezimbili zithinte, xhuma umkhondo wokuhlola omnyama ku-anode, bese ukuhlolwa okubomvu kuholela emlenzeni osele. Uma inaliti ijikela kwesokudla, kusho umthofu wokuhlola obomvu Oxhunywe njenge-cathode, uma ingashwibi, iyi-electrode yokulawula.

I-thyristor ye-unidirectional yakhiwe ngezinto ezintathu ze-PN junction semiconductor, futhi isakhiwo sayo esiyisisekelo, uphawu kanye nesekethe efanayo kuboniswa kuMfanekiso 1.

I-Thyristor inama-electrode amathathu: i-anode (A), i-cathode (K) ne-electrode yokulawula (G). Kusukela endaweni yokubuka yesekethe elinganayo, i-anode (A) kanye ne-electrode yokulawula (G) yizinhlaka ezimbili ze-PN ezixhunywe ochungechungeni olune-polarity eziphambene, kanye ne-electrode yokulawula (G) kanye ne-cathode (K) i-PN junction. Ngokwezici ze-unidirectional conductivity ze-PN junction, khetha ifayela elifanele lokumelana le-pointer multimeter, bese uhlola ukumelana okuhle nokubi phakathi kwezigxobo (izigxobo ezimbili ezifanayo, shintsha amanani amabili okumelana akalwe ipeni lokuhlola) . Ku-thyristor evamile, G Ukumelana phambili nokuhlehla phakathi kuka-G no-K kuhluke kakhulu; ukumelana okuya phambili nokuhlehlayo phakathi kuka-G no-K no-A kuncane kakhulu, futhi amanani abo okumelana makhulu kakhulu. Lo mphumela wokuhlolwa uhlukile, futhi i-polarity ye-thyristor inganqunywa ngokusekelwe kulokhu okuhlukile. Sebenzisa i-multimeter ukuze ulinganise ukuphikiswa okuya phambili nokuhlehla phakathi kwama-electrode e-SCR kufayela le-R×1K, bese ukhetha ama-electrode amabili anomehluko omkhulu wokumelana phambili nokuhlehla. Ku-electrode yokulawula (G), umthofu wokuhlola obomvu uxhunywe ku-cathode (K), kanti i-electrode esele i-anode (A). Ngokwahlulela i-polarity ye-thyristor, ikhwalithi ye-thyristor nayo inganqunywa ngekhwalithi. Uma umehluko phakathi kokumelana okuya phambili nokuhlehlayo kwanoma yiziphi izigxobo ezimbili ekuhlolweni kuncane kakhulu, futhi amanani okumelana makhulu kakhulu, kukhombisa ukuthi kukhona iphutha lesifunda elivulekile phakathi kuka-G no-K; uma ukuphikisa okuya phambili nokuhlehlayo phakathi kwezigxobo ezimbili kukuncane kakhulu futhi kusondela Kuziro, kukhona iphutha le-inter-electrode short-circuit ngaphakathi kwe-SCR.

Ukuhlolwa kwesici kwe-SCR yendlela eyodwa:

I-thyristor yendlela eyodwa iyafana nokuthi bobabili bane-conductivity unidirectional, kodwa umehluko wukuthi ukuqhutshwa kwe-thyristor nakho kulawulwa yi-voltage yesango. Okusho ukuthi, izimo ezimbili kufanele zihlangatshezwe ukuze i-thyristor ivulwe: i-voltage eqondile kufanele isetshenziswe phakathi kwe-anode (A) ne-cathode (K), futhi i-voltage eya phambili kufanele isetshenziswe phakathi kwe-electrode yokulawula. G) kanye ne-cathode (K) . Lapho i-thyristor ivuliwe, i-electrode yokulawula ilahlekelwa umsebenzi wayo. Inqubo yokuqhuba ye-thyristor unidirectional ingaboniswa yisifunda esilinganayo esiboniswe kuMfanekiso 2: I-emitter ye-tube ye-PNP ilingana ne-anode ye-thyristor (A), futhi i-emitter ye-tube ye-NPN ilingana ne-cathode i-thyristor (K) , Umqoqi we-tube ye-PNP uxhunywe esisekelweni se-NPN tube, esilingana ne-electrode yokulawula (G) ye-thyristor. Uma i-voltage eya phambili evumelekile isetshenziswa phakathi kuka-A no-K, amashubhu amabili ngeke aqhube. Ngalesi sikhathi, lapho i-voltage eya phambili isetshenziswa phakathi kwe-G ne-K, isisekelo sokulawula samanje esigeleza ku-V2 sakhiwe, njalonjalo. Kuze kube yilapho amashubhu amabili exhunywe ngokugcwele. Uma ivuliwe, ngisho noma i-Ig=O, ngenxa yokuthi i-V2 inesisekelo samanje futhi inkulu kakhulu kune-Ig, amashubhu amabili asavuliwe. Ukuze wenze i-thyristor conductive inqanyulwe, i-voltage eya phambili ye-A ne-K kufanele yehliswe ibe yinani elithile, noma ihlehliswe, noma inqanyulwe. Ngokwezici zokuqhuba ze-SCR, ifayela lokumelana le-multimeter lingasetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa. Ukuze uthole i-thyristor enamandla aphansi, xhuma isiyingi njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 3(a), xhuma inkinobho yokuthinta phakathi kwe-thyristor A ne-G (ukuze isebenze kalula), sebenzisa igiya le-R×1Ω le-multimeter, bese uxhuma umthofu wokuhlola omnyama. . Isigxobo, umthofu wokuhlola obomvu uxhunywe ku-K. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-voltage enhle isetshenziswa ku-thyristor (ngebhethri elomile elifakwe ku-multimeter). I-pointer ye-multimeter ayinyakazi futhi i-thyristor ayiqhubeki. Uma inkinobho icindezelwa, A, G Uma i-trigger voltage isetshenziswa phakathi kwe-G no-K, i-thyristor ivuliwe, futhi i-pointer ye-multimeter iyaphambuka futhi ikhomba inani elincane; lapho u-G no-A benqanyulwa, i-voltage yokulawula iyalahleka. Uma i-pointer ye-multimeter Uma isikhundla sihlala singashintshiwe, i-thyristor isesesimweni sokuqhuba, okubonisa ukuthi izici ezibangela i-thyristor zinhle. Uma u-G no-A benqanyuliwe, i-pointer ye-multimeter izophambuka bese ikhombe ku-∞. Okungukuthi, uma i-thyristor ingaqhubeki, ibonisa ukuthi isici esivusayo se-thyristor asisihle noma sonakalisiwe. Kuma-thyristors anamandla aphakeme, ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwe-voltage yokuvula, kunzima ukugcinwa kwamandla, okwenza isimo sokuqhuba sibe sibi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ibhethri elomile kufanele lixhunywe ochungechungeni ku-anode (A) ye-thyristor, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni. Umjikelezo oboniswe ku-3(b) kufanele uhlolwe ukuze ugweme ukwahlulelwa okungalungile. Ku-thyristor yamandla aphezulu, iseli elomile kufanele lixhunywe kuchungechunge kumjikelezo woMfanekiso 3(b) ukuze wenze umphumela wokuhlola ubonakale. Ngokuvamile, lapho uhlola ama-SCR endlela eyodwa ngezansi kwe-10A, sebenzisa isifunda sokuxhuma esiboniswe kuMfanekiso 3(a); kuma-10A-100A SCRs, sebenzisa isifunda sokuxhuma esiboniswe kuMfanekiso 3(b) ukuze uhlole indlela eyodwa elawulekayo ngaphezu kuka-100A.

Ngesisekelo sokuhlola ama-thyristors endlela eyodwa, ezinye izinhlobo ze-thyristors zingabuye zihlolwe nge-multimeter ngokuya ngesakhiwo sazo esiyisisekelo.