Indlela yokwakha izitini eziphezulu ze-alumina?

Izitini zezitini eziphezulu ze-alumina zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine ngokusho kobukhulu bezitini zezitini kanye nezinga lokusebenza kahle. Isigaba kanye nobukhulu bezitini zezitini ngokulandelana: Ⅰ ≤0.5mm; Ⅱ ≤1mm; Ⅲ ≤2mm; Ⅳ ≤3mm. Udaka lomlilo kufanele lugcwale emalungeni odaka lwezitini zezitini, futhi amalunga ezitini ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi nangaphandle zezingqimba ezingaphezulu nezingaphansi kufanele zinyakaze.

Izimiso ezilandelayo kufanele zilandelwe lapho kulungiswa udaka oluphikisayo lokwakha izitini.

2.1 Ngaphambi kokwenza izitini, ama-slurries ahlukahlukene kufanele ahlolwe kusengaphambili futhi akhiwe kusengaphambili ukuze kunqunywe isikhathi sokubopha, isikhathi sokuqala sokusetha, ukungaguquguquki kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwama-slurries ahlukene.

2.2 Kufanele kusetshenziswe amathuluzi ahlukene ukulungisa udaka oluhlukene futhi luhlanzwe ngesikhathi.

2.3 Amanzi ahlanzekile kufanele asetshenziselwe ukulungisa udaka lwekhwalithi ehlukene, inani lamanzi kufanele likalwe ngokunembile, futhi ukuxutshwa kufanele kufane, futhi kusetshenziswe njengoba kudingeka. Udaka olunamanzi nokuqinisa umoya olulungisiwe akumele lusetshenziswe namanzi, nodaka olubekwe ekuqaleni akumele lusetshenziswe.

2.4 Lapho ulungisa udaka oluboshwe nge-phosphate, qinisekisa isikhathi esibekiwe sokucupha, futhi usilungise njengoba usisebenzisa. Udaka olulungisiwe akufanele luhlanjululwe ngamanzi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngenxa yesimo salo sokugqwala, lolu daka akumele luhlangane ngqo negobolondo lensimbi.

Indawo kufanele ihlolwe ngokucophelela futhi ihlanzwe ngaphambi kokuba kwakhiwe ulwelwesi lwesitini.

Ngaphambi kokuba kwakhiwe umugqa wezitini, umugqa kufanele ubekwe, futhi ubukhulu nokuphakama kwengxenye ngayinye ye-masonry kufanele kuhlolwe ngokusho kwemidwebo yokuklama.

Izidingo eziyisisekelo zokwakha izitini yilezi: izitini nezitini eziqinile, amalunga ezitini eziqondile, isiyingi esiqondile esiphambanayo, izitini zokukhiya, indawo enhle, akukho ukucwila nokuthulula, futhi amatshe kufanele agcinwe ayisicaba futhi aqondile. Izitini eziphezulu ze-alumina kufanele zibekwe emalungeni anyakazayo. Udaka ekuhlanganiseni kwezitini zobumba kufanele lugcwale futhi ubuso buhlanganiswe.

Ukuhlelwa kokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitini eziphezulu ze-alumina zisetshenziswa ngokusho kwepulani lokuklama. Lapho ubeka uhlaka lwezitini, ukugcwala kodaka lomlilo kuyadingeka ukuze kufinyelele ngaphezu kwama-95%, futhi amalunga ezitini ezingaphezulu kufanele ahlanganiswe ne-slurry yasekuqaleni, kodwa udaka olweqile phezu kwendawo yezitini kufanele lukhishwe ngesikhathi.

Lapho ubeka izitini, amathuluzi aguquguqukayo afana nezando zokhuni, izando zenjoloba noma izando zepulasitiki eziqinile kufanele zisetshenziswe. Izando zensimbi akufanele zisetshenziswe, izitini akufanele zigaywe phezu kokwakhiwa kwamatshe, futhi amatshe akufanele ashaywe noma alungiswe ngemva kokuba udaka seluqinile.

Kuyadingeka ukukhetha ngokuqinile izitini. Izitini zezinto ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene kufanele zihlukaniswe ngokuqinile, futhi izitini zekhwalithi efanayo kanye nohlobo kufanele zikhethwe ngobude obufanayo.

Ugqinsi lwepuleti lensimbi elihlangene elisetshenziselwa ukubeka okomile ngokuvamile lingu-1 ukuya ku-1.2mm, futhi kudingeka libe sicaba, lingabi crimped, lingasontiki, futhi lingabi nama-burrs. Ububanzi be-slab ngayinye kufanele bube ngaphansi kobubanzi besitini cishe ngo-10mm. Ipuleti lensimbi akufanele lidlule ohlangothini lwesitini ngesikhathi sokwakha, futhi isimo sokuzwakala kwensimbi yensimbi nokubopha ibhuloho ngeke kwenzeke. Kuvunyelwe ipuleti lensimbi elilodwa kuphela kumthungo ngamunye. Amapuleti ensimbi emincane okulungiswa kufanele asetshenziswe kancane ngangokunokwenzeka. Ikhadibhodi elisetshenziselwa amalunga okunweba kufanele libekwe ngokuvumelana nomklamo.

Lapho uvala izitini, izitini eziyisicaba kufanele zisetshenziselwe ukukhiya izitini, futhi ukucubungula kahle kufanele kwenziwe. Imigwaqo yezitini eseduze kufanele inyakaze ngezitini ezi-1 kuya kwezi-2. Kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukukhiya izitini ezigayiwe zodwa, kodwa ama-castable angasetshenziswa ukulungisa isitini sokukhiya sokugcina.

Lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo ezivamile kufanele zigwenywe lapho kwakhiwe ama-linings angashi futhi angashisi ukushisa.

11.1 Ukugudluka: okungukuthi, ukungalingani phakathi kwezingqimba namabhulokhi.

11.2 I-Oblique: Okusho ukuthi, ayiphansi endaweni evundlile.

11.3 Ama-seams ampunga angalingani: okungukuthi, ububanzi be-grey seams buhlukile, obungalungiswa ngokukhetha izitini ngendlela efanele.

11.4 Ukwenyuka: okungukuthi, isenzakalo sokungalingani okujwayelekile ebusweni bodonga olubheke, okumele kulawulwe ngaphakathi kwe-1mm.

11.5 Ukwehlukana phakathi nendawo: okungukuthi, indandatho yesitini ayigxilile negobolondo endaweni emise okwe-arc.

11.6 Ukuhlanganisa kabusha: okusho ukuthi, imithungo yomlotha engaphezulu nengaphansi ibekwe phezulu, futhi kuvunyelwe umthungo owodwa kuphela phakathi kwalezi zingqimba ezimbili.

11.7 Ngokusebenzisa umthungo: okungukuthi, imithungo empunga yezendlalelo ezivundlile zangaphakathi nangaphandle ziyahlanganiswa, futhi ngisho negobolondo liyavezwa, okungavunyelwe.

11.8 Ukuvuleka: amajoyinti odaka endaweni egobile mancane ngaphakathi futhi amakhulu ngaphandle.

11.9 Okungenalutho: okungukuthi, udaka alugcwele phakathi kwezingqimba, phakathi kwezitini naphakathi kwegobolondo, futhi akuvunyelwe olwelweni lwempahla enganyakazi.

11.10 Izihlanganiso ezinoboya: amalunga ezitini awaxhunywanga futhi awasuki, nezindonga azihlanzekile.

11.11 Ukunyoka: okungukuthi, ama-longitudinal seams, ama-seams ayindilinga noma ama-horizontal seams awaqondile, kodwa ama-wavy.

11.12 I-masonry bulge: Ibangelwa ukuguqulwa kwezinto zokusebenza, futhi indawo efanele yezinto zokusebenza kufanele isheleleke ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa. Lapho ulayini olunezingqimba ezimbili lwakhiwe, isendlalelo sokufakelwa singasetshenziselwa ukulinganisa.

11.13 Udaka oluxubile: Ukusetshenziswa kabi kodaka akuvunyelwe.

Ulwelwesi oluyinhlanganisela olumelana nomlilo nokuvikela ukushisa lwemishini yamatshe luzokwakhiwa lube yizingqimba nezigaba, futhi aluvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukwakha ngodaka oluxubekile. I-masonry heat insulation lining kufanele futhi igcwaliswe nge-grout. Lapho uhlangabezana nezimbobo kanye nezingxenye ze-riveting kanye ne-welding, izitini noma amapuleti kufanele acutshungulwe, futhi izikhala kufanele zigcwaliswe ngodaka. Ukugandaya ngendlela engafanele, ukushiya izikhala yonke indawo noma ukungalusebenzisi udaka akuvunyelwe. Esikhathini se-thermal insulation layer, izitini eziphezulu ze-alumina kufanele zisetshenziselwe ukudweba ngaphansi kwezitini ze-anchor, ngemuva kwezitini ze-arch-foot, ezizungeze izimbobo kanye nokuxhumana nokwandiswa.

Izihlanganisi zokunweba kulwelwesi lwezitini eziphezulu ze-alumina kufanele zisethwe ngokuvumelana nomklamo futhi akufanele zishiywe. Ububanzi bamalunga okunweba akufanele bube nokubekezelelana okungalungile, akukho mfucumfucu oqinile okufanele ushiywe emalungeni, futhi amalunga kufanele agcwaliswe ngemicu ephikisayo ukuze kugwenywe into yokugcwala nokungabi nalutho. Ngokuvamile, asikho isidingo sokunwetshwa kwamalunga ongqimba lwe-thermal insulation.

Ulwelwesi lwezingxenye ezibalulekile nezingxenye ezinobumo obuyinkimbinkimbi kufanele lubekwe kuqala kuqala. Ukuze uthole ama-lining anezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kanye nevolumu enkulu yokucubungula yezitini, cabanga ukushintshela kuma-linings ahlakazekayo.

Izingxenye zensimbi eziveziwe ezishiywe oqweqweni lwesitini, okuhlanganisa ibhodi elisekela izitini, ibhodi elibamba izitini, njll., zizovalwa ngezitini ezimise okukhethekile, okusansimbi noma imicu ephikisayo, futhi ngeke zivezwe ngokuqondile kugesi wokushisa oshisayo phakathi nesikhathi. sebenzisa.

Izitini ze-anchor ziyizitini zesakhiwo sokwakha, okufanele zigcinwe ngokuhambisana nemithetho yokuklama futhi akufanele zishiywe. Azikho izitini okusetshenzwa kulengwa kuzo eziklayekile ezizosetshenziswa ezizungeze izimbobo ezilengayo. Izingwegwe zensimbi kufanele zibekwe phansi futhi zilengiswe ngokuqinile. Izimbobo nezingwegwe ezilengayo azikwazi ukunamathela, igebe elisele lingagcwaliswa nge-fiber refractory.

Lapho wakha izitini ze-capping, izitini ezihlangene kanye nezitini ezigobile, uma izitini zangempela zingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuvala, izitini kufanele ziqedwe ngomsiki wezitini esikhundleni sezitini ezenziwe ngesandla. Ubukhulu bezitini ezicutshunguliwe: izitini ze-capping akufanele zibe ngaphansi kuka-70% wezitini zangempela; ezitini ezihlangene eziyisicaba kanye nezitini ezigobile, akufanele zibe ngaphansi kwe-1/2 yezitini zokuqala. Kumele ikhiywe ngezitini zangempela. Indawo yokusebenza yesitini ivinjelwe ngokuqinile ekucutshungulweni. Indawo yokucubungula isitini akufanele ibhekane nesithando somlilo, indawo yokusebenza noma ukuhlanganiswa kokwandisa.