Ungazikhetha njani izinto ezinokuthintelwa ukuba zinganxibeki kwiindawo ezinobuthathaka ezinje ngemibhobho yenaliti yamalahle emlonyeni weesamente zesamente?

Kwiziko elitsha lesamente esomileyo esomileyo, umlomo weziko, umbhobho wenaliti yamalahle kunye nezinye izikhundla zinengxaki yokufumana ubushushu obuphezulu, ukothuka kwe-thermal, umhlwa kunye nomonakalo, kwaye kufuneka kusetyenziswe izinto zokwambathisa ezingafunekiyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, izinto ezingafunekiyo kubushushu kunye nezinto ezilahlayo zesamente zineeminerali ezinje ngokuthintela, mullite, andalusite, kunye nesilicon khabhayithi.

Iimpawu ezibonakalayo zezinto ezibonakalayo. Refractory yahlulwe calcined refractory kunye nokufakelwa zombane fusion nokufakwa. Phakathi kwazo, ukuphinda kufakelwe umbhobho wokufakelwa kombhobho kufunyenwe ngokunyibilikisa i-iron oxide okanye i-bauxite kwiziko lokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa amanzi. Izixhobo umbhobho fused babe ziikristale ezinkulu eliyinjubaqa, mninzi isihlobo, imingxuma umoya kancinane kunye namandla aphezulu. I-calcined refractory ineekristal ezincinci, imingxunya emininzi kunye namandla asezantsi, kodwa inokungqinisisa okungcono kwe-thermal. Lilonke, ukumelana nomlilo kunye ne-abrasion ukumelana kakuhle kakhulu, kodwa ukumelana nobushushu kukothuka, ukudluliselwa kobushushu kulungile, kwaye ukunamathela kwe-primer enganyangekiyo kwealkali kubi kakhulu.

I-Mullite ikwahlula kwiindidi ezimbini: ukufakwa kweefayipi kunye nokufakelwa. Phakathi kwabo, iimpawu ifakelwe mullite nokufakwa izixhobo womelele. Lilonke, i-mullite ineempawu zokuthembeka kobushushu obuphezulu obuphezulu, amandla aphezulu okunyanzelwa kwe-thermal, uxinzelelo olomeleleyo lokuphumla koxinzelelo, inqanaba eliphakathi lokumelana neqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kunye nokudluliswa kobushushu obuphantsi.

I-Andalusite yenye yezimbiwa kwiqela le-kyanite. Amaminerali aseKyanite abhekisa kwizimbiwa ezininzi ezifanayo kunye nefomula yeekhemikhali i-Al2O3-SiO2: i-kyanite, i-andalusite kunye ne-sillimanite. Ukufaneleka kwezi ntlobo zeekristali kukuphinda kubonakalise ukuphakama, umbala ococekileyo kunye nokumelana nokubambelela okuhle. Ngexesha lonke lenkqubo yokubala, bayatshintsha baye kwimullite nakwimichiza ngezinto ezinomxholo ophezulu wamanzi i-sio2, kwaye zikhatshwa kukwanda kwevolumu (I-Kyanite yi-16% ~ 18%, kwaye i-andalusite yi-3% ~ 5%, i-sillimanite yi-7% ~ 8% ).

Xa i-1300 ~ 1350 ℃, i-kyanite itshintshela kwi-mullite kunye ne-calcite, kunye notshintsho ngevolumu ye-18%. Ukungeniswa kwekyanite kuthintelwe ngenxa yokwanda okugqithisileyo. Ukudumba okubangelwe lutshintsho lwe-kyanite kunokusetyenziselwa ukucutha ukuncipha kwezinto ezingagqitywanga zokwambathisa okungafunekiyo, kunye nesiphumo esinokubangela mullite sinokusetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukuxhathisa kukothuka okungafunekiyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-calcite ebangelwe kukuguqulwa kwe-kyanite ayilunganga ukumelana nokothuka.

Ku-1400 ° C, i-andalusite iguquka ibe yiglasi yeglasi emhlophe kunye nesilicon ephezulu, kunye notshintsho ngevolumu ye-4%. Ngenxa yokuba ukudumba kuncinci, kuyanceda ukwandisa ukungeniswa kwe-andalusite. Ukudumba okubangelwe lutshintsho lwe-andalusite kunokusetyenziselwa ukucutha ukuncipha kwezinto ezingagqitywanga zokwambathisa, kwaye isiphumo esingasetyenziswayo singasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukuxhathisa kukothuka kwezinto ezilahlayo. Umahluko kukuba isigaba seglasi esine-silicon elaminethiweyo esibangelwa kukuguqulwa kwe-andalusite sinomlinganiso ophantsi kakhulu wolwandiso lomlingani, oluncedo kakhulu ekuphuculeni ukuxhathisa kukothuka kwe-castable.

I-1500 ℃, i-sillimanite iguqula ibe mullite; kunye notshintsho ngevolumu ye- + 8%. Ngokwethiyori, ukudumba okubangelwe lutshintsho lwe-sillimanite kunokusetyenziselwa ukucutha ukuncipha kwezinto zokumisa ezingagqitywanga, kunye nesiphumo esiyi-mullite sikwanceda ekuphuculeni ukunganyangeki kobushushu bezinto ezinqabileyo.

Ke ngoko, i-kyanite ihlala isetyenziswa njenge-antiseptic kwizinto ezisezantsi neziphakathi ezingafakwanga ezinto zokwambathisa ezingafunekiyo; I-andalusite ihlala isetyenziswa njenge-antiseptic kwizixhobo eziphakathi eziphakathi kunye neziphezulu ezingafakwanga izinto zokwambathisa ezingafakwanga; iqondo lobushushu lotshintsho lwe-sillimanite liphezulu kakhulu, kwaye kuhlala kungonwabanga ukusebenzisana nokugquma okungafunekiyo okungafunekiyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwearhente yokwandiswa kwemathiriyeli.