Ungazikhetha kanjani izinto ezingamelana nokugqoka ezingxenyeni ezisengozini ezifana nemibhobho yomjovo wamalahle emlonyeni wamakhemikhali kasimende?

Esikhaleni esisha sosimende esisebenza ngenqubo eyomile, umlomo womlilo, umlomo wombhobho wamalahle nezinye izikhundla uhlushwa yimiphumela ebonakalayo yokushisa okuphezulu, ukushaqeka okushisayo, ukugqwala nokonakala, futhi kufanele kusetshenziswe izinto zokwakheka ezisezingeni eliphakeme ezingaphikisiwe. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ama-castable amelana nokushisa nawokuphikisa ama-kilns kasimende aqukethe amaminerali afana ne-refractory, mullite, andalusite, ne-silicon carbide.

Izici ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo. I-Refractory ihlukaniswe ngokufakwa kwamapayipi okuxuba okukhanyisayo nawokugesi kagesi. Phakathi kwabo, ukukhishwa kokufakwa kwepayipi kagesi kutholakala ngokuncibilikisa i-iron oxide noma i-bauxite esithandweni sokushisa bese kupholisa amanzi. Ukufakwa kwepayipi okuhlanganisiwe kunamakristalu amakhulu okukhomba, ukuminyana okuphezulu kwesihlobo, izimbobo ezimbalwa zomoya namandla amakhulu. I-refractory ye-calcined inamakristalu amancane, izimbobo eziningi zokukhipha amandla namandla aphansi, kepha inokumelana okungcono kokushiswa kokushisa. Sekukonke, ukumelana nomlilo nokulimazeka kuhle kakhulu, kepha ukumelana nokushisa kokushisa akulungile, ukudluliswa kokushisa kukhulu, futhi ukunamathela kwe-primer engamelana ne-alkali kubi kakhulu.

I-Mullite iphinde ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ukufakwa kwamapayipi okuhlanganisiwe nokuhlanganisiwe. Phakathi kwabo, izici ezifakiwe ze-mullite pipe fittings zinamandla. Sekukonke, i-mullite inezici zokuthembeka okuhle kokushisa okuphezulu okuphezulu, amandla acindezelayo aphezulu okushisa, ukumelana nokucindezela okuqinile, ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisa okushisa aphezulu kanye nokudluliswa kokushisa okuphansi.

I-Andalusite ingenye yamaminerali eqenjini lama-kyanite. Amaminerali aseKyanite abhekisa kumaminerali amaningi ahambisanayo nefomula yamakhemikhali i-Al2O3-SiO2: i-kyanite, i-andalusite ne-sillimanite. Ukubaluleka kwalezi zinhlobo zamakristalu ukuphinda kukhanye okuphezulu, umbala omsulwa nokumelana okuhle kokubambelela. Phakathi nayo yonke inqubo yokubala, ziguquka zibe yizinto ze-mullite nezamakhemikhali ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamanzi i-sio2, futhi zihambisana nokwandiswa kwevolumu (i-Kyanite ingu-16% ~ 18%, kanti i-andalusite ingu-3% ~ 5%, i-sillimanite ingu-7% ~ 8% ).

Lapho u-1300 ~ 1350 ℃, i-kyanite iguquka ibe yi-mullite ne-calcite, bese iguquka ngevolumu engu- + 18%. Ukudla kwe-kyanite kunqunyelwe ngenxa yokwanda ngokweqile. Ukuvuvukala okubangelwe ukushintshwa kwe-kyanite kungasetshenziselwa ukuqeda ukuncipha kwezinto ezingavumelekile zokufaka izinto zokwakha, futhi i-mullite evelayo ingasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo kwama-castable aphikisayo. Kodwa-ke, i-calcite ebangelwa ukuguqulwa kwe-kyanite ayilungele ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo.

Ku-1400 ° C, i-andalusite iguquka ibe yisigaba sengilazi esinama-mullite nesiphezulu se-silicon, futhi siyashintsha ngevolumu engu- + 4%. Ngoba ukuvuvukala kuncane, kuyazuzisa ukwandisa ukutholwa kwe-andalusite. Ukuvuvukala okubangelwe ukuguqulwa kwe-andalusite kungasetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuncipha kwezinto ezingagudluki zokumisa, futhi i-mullite evelayo ingasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo kwama-castable abukekayo. Umehluko ukuthi isigaba sesilazi esine-silicon ephezulu esakhiwe ngoguquko lwe-andalusite sinenani eliphansi kakhulu lokunwetshwa komugqa, okuzuzisa kakhulu ukwenza ngcono ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo kwama-castable aphikisayo.

1500 ℃, sillimanite siguqule sibe mullite; nezinguquko ngevolumu engu- + 8%. Ngokwethiyori, ukuvuvukala okubangelwe ukushintshwa kwe-sillimanite kungasetshenziswa ekunciphiseni ukuncipha kwezinto zokumisa ezingahlanjululwanga ezingafakwanga, futhi i-mullite evelayo nayo iyasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo kwama-castable aphikisayo.

Ngakho-ke, i-kyanite ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-antiseptic ezintweni eziphansi neziphakathi ezingafakwanga zokwakheka kwe-refractory; i-andalusite ijwayele ukusetshenziswa njenge-antiseptic ezintweni eziphakathi nendawo eziphakeme ezingashintshiwe zokwakheka kwe-refractory; ukushisa kokushisa kwe-sillimanite kuphakeme kakhulu, futhi imvamisa kungakhululeki ukubambisana nokufakwa okwenziwe kabusha okungavumelekile. Ukusetshenziswa komenzeli wokunwetshwa kwendaba.