Izinto ezichaphazela uBomi beNkonzo yeeRefractories kwi-Hearth of Blast Furnace

Emva kokuba ukwakhiwa kwesithando somlilo kugqityiwe, ukususela ekusetyenzisweni ukuya ekupheleni kwenkonzo yesithando somlilo, xa izinto zingena kwinkqubo yokuhla kunye nenqanaba lokunyuka kwegesi yomlilo yenkqubo yokutshintshiselana kobushushu, i-refractories ephakathi kunye nephezulu yesithando somlilo. kwixesha elide lokunxiba kunye nokuguguleka komhlaba, kwaye inxalenye engezantsi yomzimba wesithando somlilo sisithando somlilo. Umgca ongezantsi ufakwe kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo kunye ne-slag. Ingaphakathi lesithando somlilo siyaqhubeka siphantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ezi zinto zisebenzisana kwaye zichaphazela ubomi benkonzo yesithando somlilo.

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo ezinqanda iziko. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukabikho umbono ocacileyo nomanyeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Iimbono eziqhelekileyo nezingaguquguqukiyo ngokubanzi zinokushwankathela ezi zinto zinempembelelo zibe ngamacandelo amabini, oko kukuthi, isenzo somzimba kunye nokukhukuliseka kweekhemikhali.

1. Ifuthe lentshukumo yomzimba kwizinto ezichasayo zeziko:

(1) Uxinzelelo lobushushu. Iqondo lobushushu lerefractory work layer kwindawo yeziko kunye nendawo yokudibanisa ulwelo lwe iron slag iphezulu kangange 1350℃. Ubushushu bamanzi okupholisa besitayile sokupholisa esiqhagamshelwe ngumaleko wokugquma ubushushu yi-25 ~ 45℃ kuphela. Umahluko wobushushu beradial mkhulu, ukhokelela kuxinzelelo olukhulu lobushushu. Ngaphantsi kwexesha elide lobushushu obuphezulu kunye neemeko zendlela yoxinzelelo oluphezulu, uxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye nokunye ukusebenzisana komzimba kunye neekhemikhali kuchaphazela omnye nomnye, okubangelwa yiziganeko ezahlukeneyo zomonakalo ezifana nokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye nokunciphisa izinto eziphikisayo, ukuphuka, kunye ne-pulverization.

(2) Gcoba kwaye unxibe. Ngethuba lokusebenza kwesithando somlilo, i-refractory lining the hearth iphendula ngokuqhubekayo ekujikelezeni kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo kunye nokunyuka nokuwa kwinqanaba le-slag. Ngaphantsi kwefuthe lobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokukhukuliseka koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nokugqoka ixesha elide, ukuchasana kokugqoka kwe-refractory kuqhubeka nokunciphisa, okuchaphazela ubomi bayo benkonzo. Isikhumba se-slag esakhiwe kwi-slag-iron contact surface sinokuwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokuguquguquka kwemeko yesithando somlilo. Ngeli xesha, i-refractory material of the furnace lining iya kuhlanjululwa ngokuthe ngqo kwaye ihlanjululwe yi-iron slag kunye nentsimbi etyhidiweyo.

(3) Umxhuzulane obonakalayo. Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwesithando somlilo, i-slag yentsimbi etyhidiweyo iqhubeka yongeza kwiziko kunye nentsimbi etyhidiweyo egcinwe kwi-iron efileyo, kubandakanywa nefuthe loxinzelelo oluphezulu lomoya oshushu eziko, olubekwe ngaphezulu komnye nomnye, ukwenzela ukuba i-refractory. emazantsi eziko linomxhuzulane omkhulu womzimba. . Ngoluhlu lwezitena zekhabhoni ekudibaneni kweziko kunye nesithando somlilo, le mikhosi idlala indima ekuchebeni. Amandla okuxinzelela izitena zekhabhoni kwiqondo lokushisa kwegumbi yi-20-40MPa, kwaye amandla aguquguqukayo yi-7-15MPa kuphela. Amandla kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu Xa iqondo lokushisa liphantsi kunokushisa okuqhelekileyo, xa uxinzelelo lusondele kumda walo wamandla, kulula ukuphula okanye ukuvelisa iintanda. Ngeli xesha, ulwelo lwe-iron slag luya kungena kwiimingxuma kunye nokuqhekeka. Ukungena kunye nokukhukuliseka kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo.

(4) Ukuzala kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo. Ubuninzi bezinto eziphikisayo zincinci kakhulu kunezinyithi ezinyibilikisiweyo, kwaye izinto ezichasayo ziya kufakwa kwi-buoyancy ephezulu kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo. Umzantsi wesithando somlilo ubekwe ngokubanzi kufuphi neqokobhe lesithando somlilo esinedayamitha ethile ecuthekileyo, kwaye i-extrusion ngqo kunye ne-friction ye-refractory isetyenziselwa ukwenza buthathaka i-buoyancy yayo. Nangona kunjalo, xa amandla afikelela kumda we-refractory, iya kubangela ukuba i-refractory iguqulwe okanye iphuke kwaye iqhubeke ihlupheka. Isiphumo sobuoyancy silandelwa ngumonakalo omkhulu ngakumbi okanye nokuwa kweedada ezidadayo.

2. Uhlaselo lwemichiza:

(1) Intsimbi eshushu ye-carburizing corrosion. I-iron yehagu sisinyibiliko esinekhabhoni engaxutywanga nentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo. Umxholo wekhabhoni wentsimbi yehagu ugcinwa ngokubanzi kwi-4.5% ukuya kwi-5.4% ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa. Umxholo wekhabhoni unxulumene nezinto ezifana nomthamo wesithando somlilo, uxinzelelo lomoya oshushu kunye namandla okunyibilikisa, kunye neyona nto iphakamileyo Ingakanani ayicacanga. Ke ngoko, ngexesha lokusebenza kwesithando somlilo, ukusabela kwe-carburizing phakathi kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo kwizitena zekhabhoni kwenzeka ngamanye amaxesha, kwaye i-coke kunye ne-powder yamalahle kwi-fuel inokuphinda ifakwe i-carburized. Uqhagamshelwano olude luchaphazela izitena zekhabhoni eziko. Yinyibilika ilahleko kunye nokutshatyalaliswa.

(2) Ukusabela kwe-redox. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa isithando somlilo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuphendula zokunciphisa i-oxidation zenzeka eziko, njengokusabela kwegesi yamanzi okubangelwa ukuvuza kwamanzi kwi-tuyere kunye nodonga lokupholisa, oluya kubangela i-oxidation yezitena zekhabhoni. , okuphumela ekulahlekeni kwekhabhoni okanye kwanokucolwa, kubangele iintanda. Amandla ezitena zekhabhoni ayancipha. Uluhlu lweempendulo zokunciphisa i-oxidation yeentsimbi zealkali ezifana ne-potassium, i-sodium, i-lead, kunye ne-zinc kwi-blast furnace inokubangela ukukhulula izitena zekhabhoni, ukuqhekeka kweringi kunye nezinye iziphumo eziyingozi.

Izinto zokubola komzimba kunye neekhemikhali ziqhubeka zisenzeka kwiziko kunye nezantsi eziko, kwaye zisebenzisana kunye kwaye zonakalise iziko kunye ne-refractories ephantsi. Ngoko ke, xa ukhetha izinto eziphikisayo kwiziko kunye nezantsi, ezi zinto zingasentla kufuneka zihambelane nesithando somlilo esithile. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubomi benkonzo, izinto eziphikisayo ezinomsebenzi obanzi ongcono kufuneka zikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo.