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How to build the refractory bricks of the boiler?

如何建造耐火磚 鍋爐?

1、施工步驟按照自下而上、由內向外的原則進行。 上筒下部與對流管束間隔火焰板自上而下澆注。

2、爐牆氣密性要求高,灰縫飽滿度:紅磚不低於85%; 耐火磚不低於90%。 紅磚砌築採用擠壓法,耐火磚砌築採用刮擦法。

3、爐底砌築:

(1) Before the furnace bottom is laid, the foundation should be leveled, and the surrounding straight walls in contact with the furnace bottom should be built first, and the height should be approximately higher than the surface of the furnace bottom. Then mark the horizontal line of the furnace bottom (in the case of multi-layer masonry, together with the number of layers) on the straight wall before the furnace bottom can be built.

(2)爐底由多層磚砌成時,應逐層砌築,上下層與同層磚錯開,最表層磚的長邊為垂直於渣或氣體的流動方向。

(3)高溫區和經常需要檢修的爐底,爐底與直壁接觸處應留有膨脹間隙,間隙內應嵌入石棉繩或墊石棉板。

4、灰斗砌築(含斜牆):

(1)灰斗搭建前,先按圖紙找出水平中心線,用水平中心線在厚渣處找出各灰斗的縱向中心線和前後直壁外緣桶,然後以兩端為基準。 彈出垂直中心線至灰斗底部,並在灰斗底部設置尺寸。 彈出豎向輔助線後,使用製作好的三角形模板(根據圖中斜牆的坡度製作),在基礎支架的兩端畫出斜牆的側線。 表面。 用同種材料的耐火混凝土在斜牆底部做三角回落(如圖1所示),將直牆找平。 豎、橫、斜牆交界處的三角形退台也應澆築同材質的耐火混凝土。 繼續砌石斜牆。

(2) When building the ash bucket, first build the horizontal and then the vertical; when the inclined wall and the straight wall are formed, build the straight wall first and then the inclined wall.

(3)斜牆背面有基礎支撐時,磚與基礎接觸面的砂漿應填滿; 一旦煤渣,煤渣必須被壓實。

5、直牆砌築:

(1)鍋爐周圍的直牆由耐火磚、保溫磚(或保溫層)、紅磚組成。 砌築施工順序是先砌耐火磚,後砌保溫磚(或粘貼保溫板或氈),最後砌紅磚。 例如,在填充耐火磚與紅磚的熱接縫時,應每隔3~4層紅磚填充一次,填充要密實。

(2) When building a straight wall, it must be placed at the corner of the furnace wall. The two ends of the straight section must be yarded with 2~3 layers of heads, and the horizontal line must be held. Build the mortar joints, leave the expansion joints in place, hang the vertical expansion joints asbestos ropes, and paste the asbestos panels on the steel frame facade before proceeding to masonry.

(3)直牆砌築砌築方法為:1/2磚厚牆採用錯縫砌築,1/2磚長砌築; 1磚及以上厚牆採用一頂一直或鎖包砌築方式。 1磚和1磚厚砌體的頂層或底層磚應為頂砌或側砌。

(4) When both sides of the furnace wall are working surfaces (except for walls with a thickness of 1 brick or less), both sides are to be laid at the same time.

(5)水冷牆集管與管側及穿砌體的管側滑動支座不得固定,水冷牆拉鉤處的異型磚不得卡住牆體。水冷牆耳板。

(6) When the refractory bricks and red bricks are assembled, when the refractory bricks are built with 6 to 8 layers of brick height, every 1 to 1.5m along the horizontal direction, 115mm long stretched bricks must be extended to the outer wall of the red bricks. Tensioned bricks should be disconnected on the same layer, and the upper and lower layers should be staggered.

(7)紅磚外牆砌築時,必須設置通風孔,預留空間分佈要均勻。 2m2左右可預留一根,用DN15~20黑鐵管埋(在不得已的情況下,採用預留60×120mm孔法)。 爐排齊平後開始架設帶爐排的鍋爐; 不帶爐排的鍋爐在海拔1m左右開始架設,同時還必須設置保溫縫的最高點,烤爐完成後立即用耐溫材料堵住爐膛。

6、爐牆開孔、檢查孔等砌築採用內牆耐火磚穿入外牆紅磚的砌築方法(見圖2)。 洞口(孔)需要上蓋設計時,按設計要求砌築,不需要設計時,砌築如下:

(1)牆內孔(洞)的寬度小於等於450mm。 如果跨度不大,可以採用實心平台法,用平磚層代替小拱。 砌築方法如圖3所示。每層應從兩側突出≤6mm,直至覆蓋開口。 每層與同一層的突出長度應相同。

(2) The width of the opening (hole) in the wall ≤250mm can be covered by processing bricks. The masonry method is shown in Figure 4.

(3)牆體洞口寬度>450mm寬,採用轉拱砌體覆蓋。

7、拱頂砌築:

(1)拱頂砌築所需的胎模半徑和弧度製作尺寸必須符合設計要求。 輪胎模具的跨度比實際跨度小20~30mm,表面平整光滑,具有承重材料和施工荷載不變形的能力。

(2)拱砌前,必須完成拱腳磚後面的砌築,檢驗合格後方可砌築。 拱腳磚後,不得再砌保溫耐火磚或磚藻土磚。

(3) Before the arch top is built, the arch toe beam and the frame column must be close together. Before laying the arch of the adjustable frame, the frame and the tie rods must be adjusted and fixed, and passed the inspection.

(4)拱頂砌築前,先安裝輪胎模具,檢查標高和位置,固定牢固,然後進行預砌築。 預砌築的目的主要是調整砂漿縫和拼裝拱磚。 模型滿足拱砌體質量和交錯接縫的要求。 拱磚拼裝佈置符合要求後,磚面按砌築順序編號後​​拆除,如圖5所示。砌築時必須同時從拱腳向中心對稱砌築。 嚴禁倒置砌體。

(5)除有特殊規定外,拱、拱應錯縫鋪設,不同跨度的拱、拱可環狀鋪設。 在錯縫砌築的情況下,當縱向接縫長度超過1米時,必須用線畫砌築。

(6)拱頂和拱頂砌築中必須安裝鎖磚。 內置鎖磚的深度為拱頂和拱頂厚度的2/3~3/4。 如圖6所示,同一個拱門的鎖深必須相同。 , 鎖入時,應由鎖緊到松。 在牆體中,相鄰的幾個拱門和拱頂的鎖磚必須同時打入,以防止相鄰拱門變形。

(7)鎖磚分佈均勻、對稱。 跨度<3m打入3個鎖磚,跨度> 3m打入XNUMX個鎖磚。 鎖上後可以用錘子敲進去,但必須墊木板。

(8)不准使用厚度超過1/3的磚塊或將長邊切割成大面做成楔形作為鎖磚。

(9)對拱頂和拱頂上部整平的加工磚,高溫區或外牆表面可用磚加工整平,低溫區可同樣整平。耐火混凝土材料。

8、倒置砌體:

(1)倒砌時做內外兩塊弧形板。 內圓弧板根據旋轉半徑製作; 外圓弧板由內半徑加上旋轉磚的厚度製成。

(2) When building upside-down rotation, the bottom center line of the rotation is based on the arc-shaped slab, and the lower part is built. Generally, the length of the brick can meet 5~7 rotating bricks, then you can start to build upside down. Rotate, and then symmetrically build upside down from the center of the bottom of the upside down to both sides. Don’t hit too hard when starting to build to avoid shifting or loosening. After 5~7 bricks are built in the lower part of the inverted screw, the inner arc-shaped board is fixed on the surface of the rotating brick, and the bricks are symmetrically laid on both sides in the order of rotating the bricks and then processing the bricks. The masonry sequence is shown in Figure 7.

(3) When turning to 1/2 circle, the upper 1/2 adopts arch and vault masonry. When locking the bricks, turn the bricks around 1/2 of the upper vector height and then lock the bricks after the masonry is finished, as shown in Figure 8.

9、掛磚砌築及火焰牆拆除:

(1)掛磚、拆除火焰牆遵循從低到高、從中間到兩側的建造原則。

(2)。 掛磚、消火牆施工需要加工磚時,掛磚掛孔間隙不大於5mm,消火牆厚度不小於90 %。 吊磚主要受力部位不得有裂縫。

(3)對有固定螺栓孔的異型磚,先逐層晾乾試鋪,在管道上標出螺栓孔位置後,即可焊接固定螺栓。 砌築時螺母不宜擰得太緊,以免損壞耐火磚,螺栓孔內應填入耐火混凝土。

10、爐牆伸縮縫留有:

(1) The location and form of the expansion joints on the furnace wall are in accordance with the design requirements. The width is not allowed to be smaller than the design requirements, and hard objects such as broken bricks are not allowed to fall into the joints. The packing in the expansion joint is tightly packed according to the design requirements. When asbestos rope is used, the first one to the flame surface must be soaked in refractory mud.

(2) Water wall pipes, downcomers, headers, sewage pipes, drums, temperature measuring holes (tubes) and beams, etc., through the wall, leave expansion joints at the contact wall and the vertical and horizontal connections of the refractory brick furnace wall. It is better to wind with asbestos rope.

(3) The method of leaving the expansion joint of the furnace wall:

①. The method of retaining expansion joints at the corners is shown in Figure 9(a): the method of leaving the junction of 1/2 brick and 1 brick; Figure 9(b): the method of leaving the junction of 1 brick and 1 brick.

②。 拆牆兩端與爐牆連接處設置伸縮縫的方法如圖10所示。

③。 爐壁中部豎向伸縮縫留法如圖11所示。

④。 爐頂與吊拱兩端與爐牆交界處設置伸縮縫的方法如圖12所示。

⑤ 爐牆橫向伸縮縫一般採用異型磚。 如果沒有異型磚,砌築採用圖13所示的方法。 鋪設水平伸縮縫時,應壓縮石棉繩; 耐火磚在水平伸縮縫上方的高度不應超過1m,耐火磚和紅磚會交替上升,以防止石棉繩被壓縮而導致爐牆傾斜。

(4) The vertical expansion joint hangs the line for masonry, the wrong tooth is no more than 3mm, and the asbestos rope in the expansion joint is slightly larger than the remaining width of the expansion joint by 3~5mm, and it is pressed in at the same time during the masonry.

11、耐火磚和保溫磚不准濕磚,紅磚必須澆水,待外幹內浸透後,方可砌築紅磚。

12、不准加工磚塊或在砌體上行走,不准磚塊加工面對著火焰面。

13、耐火磚和紅磚的表面必須接縫。 對流管束集中和鍋爐附件堵塞的地方,灰耳必須隨砌體一起刮掉。

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建設往往是公司往往忽略的一個環節。 他們始終認為好的產品和好的設計可以保證窯爐的使用壽命。 在國家標準中,對迴轉窯的建設有嚴格的規定,具體如下: