Indlela yokwakha izitena eziphikisayo ze kwibhoyila?

1. Amanyathelo okwakha aqhutyelwa ngokuhambelana nomgaqo ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu kwaye ukusuka ngaphakathi ukuya ngaphandle. Inxalenye esezantsi yegubu eliphezulu kunye nepleyiti yokuphumla ityhubhu ye-convection bundle igalelwa ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi.

2. Udonga lwesithando somlilo lunemfuno eziphezulu zokuqina komoya, kunye nokugcwala kwamalungu omlotha: izitena ezibomvu azikho ngaphantsi kwama-85%; izitena refractory akukho ngaphantsi kwe 90%. Indlela yokukhama isetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezitena ezibomvu, kwaye indlela yokukrazula isetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezitena eziphikisayo.

3. Imasonry yeziko ezantsi:

(1) Before the furnace bottom is laid, the foundation should be leveled, and the surrounding straight walls in contact with the furnace bottom should be built first, and the height should be approximately higher than the surface of the furnace bottom. Then mark the horizontal line of the furnace bottom (in the case of multi-layer masonry, together with the number of layers) on the straight wall before the furnace bottom can be built.

(2) Xa umzantsi wesithando somlilo uqulunqwe ngamaleko amaninzi ezitena, ilitye kufuneka liqhutywe umaleko ngokomaleko, kunye namaleko aphezulu nangaphantsi kunye nomgangatho ofanayo wezitena, kwaye amacala amade ezona zitena zingaphezulu. perpendicular ukuya kwicala lokuhamba kwe-slag okanye igesi.

(3) Kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu kunye nezantsi eziko ezihlala zifuna ukulungiswa, i-gap yokwandisa kufuneka ishiywe kwindawo yokudibanisa phakathi kwesithando somlilo kunye nodonga oluthe ngqo, kunye nentambo ye-asbestos okanye ibhodi ye-asbestos ye-pad kufuneka ifakwe kwi-gap.

4. Masonry of ash bucket (including inclined wall):

(1) Phambi kokwakha i-emele yothuthu, qala ufumanise umgca osembindini othe tye ngokwemizobo, kwaye usebenzise umgca osembindini othe tye ukuze ufumane umgca osembindini othe tyaba webhakethi yothuthu ngalinye kunye nemiphetho engaphandle yomphambili kunye neendonga ezithe tye ngasemva kwi-slag eshinyeneyo. emele, kwaye emva koko usekwe umphakamo kuzo zombini iziphelo. Phakamisa umgca osembindini othe nkqo ukuya ezantsi kwehopha yothuthu, kwaye usete ubungakanani emazantsi ehopha yothuthu. Emva kokuvela umgca oncedisayo othe nkqo, sebenzisa itemplate ye-triangle eveliswayo (eyenziwe ngokuhambelana nethambeka lodonga oluthambekileyo kumzobo), kwaye uzobe umgca wecala lodonga oluthambekele kuzo zombini iziphelo zesiseko sesiseko. Umphezulu. Sebenzisa izinto ezifanayo zekhonkrithi ye-refractory ukwenza i-triangular i-backback phantsi kodonga oluthambekileyo (njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 1) kunye nomgangatho wodonga oluchanekileyo. Ukubuyisela umva kwenxantathu ekudibaneni kweendonga ezithe nkqo, ezithe tyaba nezithe tyaba nazo ziyakugalelwa ngekhonkrithi enqabileyo yezinto ezifanayo. Qhubeka kwiindonga ezithambekileyo.

(2) Xa usakha i-emele yothuthu, qala yakha i-emele ethe tyaba uze emva koko uye eme nkqo; xa udonga oluthambekileyo kunye nodonga oluthe tye lwakhiwe, yakha udonga oluthe tye kuqala kwaye emva koko udonga oluthambekileyo.

(3) Xa kukho isiseko sesiseko ngasemva kodonga oluthambekileyo, udaka olukwindawo yokudibanisa phakathi kwezitena kunye nesiseko kufuneka luzaliswe; Emva kokuba i-cinder, i-cinder kufuneka ihlanganiswe.

5. Ukwakhiwa kweendonga ezithe tye:

1 Umyalelo wokwakhiwa kwe-masonry kukwakha izitena eziphikisayo kuqala, emva koko izitena zokugquma i-thermal (okanye unamathisele iibhodi zokugquma okanye uzive), kwaye ekugqibeleni izitena ezibomvu. Ngokomzekelo, xa umdibaniso oshushu phakathi kwesitena esiphikisayo kunye nesitena esibomvu sizaliswe, isigcwalisi kufuneka sigcwaliswe zonke izitena ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 zesitena esibomvu, kwaye ukuzaliswa kufuneka kube nzima.

(2) Xa ukwakhiwa kodonga oluthe tye, kufuneka lubekwe kwikona yodonga lwesithando somlilo. Iziphelo ezimbini zecandelo elithe tye kufuneka zifakwe kwi-yard kunye ne-2 ~ 3 iintloko zeentloko, kwaye umgca othe tye kufuneka ubanjwe. Yakha iindawo ezidibeneyo zodaka, shiya iindawo zokwandiswa endaweni, xhoma amakhonkco okwandisa ngokuthe nkqo iintambo ze-asbestos, kwaye uncamathisele iipaneli ze-asbestos kwi-facade yesakhelo sentsimbi ngaphambi kokuba uqhubele phambili kwi-masonry.

(3) Indlela yamatye yokwakhiwa kodonga oluthe tye yile: 1/2 yodonga olungqingqwa lwezitena luthatha amajoyinti ashwabeneyo kunye ne-1/2 yobude bezitena; Isitena esi-1 kunye nodonga olungqindilili olungaphezulu luthatha umphezulu omnye kunye nenye ethe ngqo okanye etshixayo yendlela yokwenza imayori. Umaleko ongaphezulu okanye ongezantsi wezitena zesitena esi-1 kunye nesitena esi-1 esityebileyo siya kuba ngamatye aphezulu okanye asecaleni.

4

(5) The water-cooled wall header and the pipe side and the sliding support of the pipe side passing through the masonry shall not be fixed, and the special-shaped brick at the pull hook of the water-cooled wall shall not jam the ear plate of the water-cooled wall.

(6) Xa izitena ezilahlayo nezibomvu zidityaniswa, xa izitena ezixhathisayo zakhiwe ngemigangatho emi-6 ukuya kwe-8 yobude bezitena, nganye i-1 ukuya kwi-1.5m ecaleni kwendlela ethe tye, izitena ezoluliweyo ezibude obuyi-115mm kufuneka zandiselwe kudonga olungaphandle lwesitena. izitena ezibomvu. Izitena ezixinzelelekileyo kufuneka zinqunyulwe kwinqanaba elifanayo, kwaye iindawo eziphezulu kunye nezisezantsi kufuneka ziphazamise.

(7) Xa kusakhiwa udonga olungaphandle lwezitena ezibomvu, kufuneka kubekho imingxuma yokuphuma, kwaye ukwabiwa kwendawo egciniweyo kufuneka kube ngokulinganayo. Omnye unokugcinwa malunga ne-2m2 kwaye ungcwatywe kunye ne-DN15 ~ 20 imibhobho yentsimbi emnyama (kwimeko yeemeko ezingenakuthintelwa, sebenzisa indlela egciniweyo ye-60 × 120mm yomngxuma). Iibhoyili ezine-grate ziqala ukusekwa xa i-grate iguqa; iibhoyili ngaphandle kwe-grate iqala ukusekwa kwindawo ephakamileyo malunga ne-1m, kwaye indawo ephakamileyo yokukhusela i-insulation seam kufuneka iphinde imiswe, kwaye isithando somlilo siya kuvinjelwa ngezinto ezinokumelana nokushisa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba i-oven igqityiwe.

6. I-masonry yeendonga zodonga lwesithando somlilo, imingxuma yokuhlola, njl. yamkela indlela yokumisa ukuba izitena eziphikisayo zodonga lwangaphakathi zingene kwizitena ezibomvu zodonga lwangaphandle (jonga uMzobo 2). Xa umzobo ongaphezulu wokuvala umngxuma (umngxuma) ufuneka, i-masonry iya kwakhiwa ngokweemfuno zoyilo, kwaye xa uyilo lungafunekiyo, i-masonry iya kwakhiwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

(1) Ububanzi bomngxuma (umngxuma) eludongeni bungaphantsi okanye bulingana ne-450mm. Ukuba i-span ayinkulu, indlela yeqonga eqinileyo ingasetyenziselwa ukubuyisela i-arch encinci kunye ne-flat brick layer. Indlela ye-masonry iboniswe kuMzobo 3. Uluhlu ngalunye luya kuphuma ≤6mm ukusuka kumacala omabini ukuya kuvula kuze kuvulwe. Ubude obuphumayo bomaleko ngamnye kunye nomgangatho ofanayo buya kufana.

(2) Ububanzi bokuvula (umngxuma) eludongeni ≤250mm inokugqunywa ngokwenziwa kwezitena. Indlela yokumisa iboniswe kuMfanekiso 4.

(3) Ububanzi bomngxuma oseludongeni> 450mm ububanzi buya kugqunywa bubume obujikelezayo.

7. Ukwakhiwa kwe-arch kunye ne-vault:

(1) Iradiyasi yokungunda kwamatayara kunye nobungakanani bemveliso yeradian efunekayo kwiarch kunye nesamente yamatye kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno zoyilo. Ubude bombhobho wesondo bungaphantsi kowona mzuzu ngo-20 ~ 30mm, umphezulu uthambile kwaye ugudileyo, kwaye unezinto ezithwala imithwalo kunye nemithwalo yokwakha ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwamandla.

(2) Before arch masonry, the masonry behind the arch-foot bricks must be completed, and the masonry can only be built after passing the inspection. After the arch-foot bricks, it is not allowed to build heat-insulating refractory bricks or brick algae earth bricks.

(3) Ngaphambi kokuba i-arch top yakhiwe, umqadi we-arch toe kunye nekholamu yefreyim kufuneka isondelelane. Ngaphambi kokubeka i-arch yesakhelo esilungelelanisiweyo, isakhelo kunye neentambo zokubopha kufuneka zilungiswe kwaye zilungiswe, kwaye zidlulise ukuhlolwa.

(4) Ngaphambi kwe-arch kunye ne-vault masonry, faka kuqala i-mold yevili, khangela ukuphakama kunye nesikhundla, uyilungise ngokuqinileyo, kwaye emva koko uqhube i-pre-masonry. Injongo ye-pre-masonry ikakhulu ukulungelelanisa amajoyina omdaka kunye nokudibanisa izitena ze-arch. Imodeli yokuhlangabezana neemfuno zomgangatho wobume be-arch kunye namalungu adibeneyo. Emva kokuba i-arch ilungiselelo lokuhlanganisa izitena lihlangabezana neemfuno, ubuso bezitena bubalwa ngokomyalelo we-masonry kwaye emva koko bususwe, njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 5. I-masonry kufuneka yakhiwe ngokulinganayo ukusuka kwi-arch foot ukuya kwiziko ngexesha elifanayo. Kunqatshelwe ngokungqongqo ukunyusa i-masonry.

(5) Ngaphandle kokuba kukho imimiselo ekhethekileyo, ii-arches kunye ne-vaults ziya kufakwa kwiindawo ezidibeneyo, kwaye ii-arches kunye ne-vaults ezine-spans ezahlukeneyo zingafakwa kwiikhonkco. Kwimeko ye-masonry edibeneyo edibeneyo, xa ubude bomdibaniso we-longitudinal ubude bungaphezu kweemitha ezili-1, i-masonry kufuneka itsalwe ngomgca.

(6) Lock bricks must be installed in the masonry of the arch and vault top. The depth of the built-in lock bricks is 2/3~3/4 of the thickness of the arch and vault top. As shown in Figure 6, the lock depth of the same arch must be the same. , When locking in, it should be from the tighter lock to the looser. In the wall, several adjacent arches and the lock bricks of the arch roof must be driven in at the same time to prevent the deformation of the adjacent arches.

(7) Izitena zokukhiya zisasazwa ngokulinganayo kunye ne-symmetrically. Qhuba kwisitena sokutshixa esinye kangangesithuba <3m, kwaye uqhube izitena ezi-3 zokutshixa isithuba> 3m. Unokusebenzisa ihamile ukuyiqhuba xa itshixiwe, kodwa kufuneka igqitywe ngebhodi yomthi.

(8) It is not allowed to use bricks that have a thickness of more than 1/3 or cut the long side to make the large surface into a wedge shape as a lock brick.

(9) For the processed bricks that are leveled on the upper part of the arch and the vault, the high temperature area or the surface of the external wall can be leveled by brick processing, and the low temperature area can be leveled by the same material of refractory concrete.

8. Upside-down masonry:

(1) Iibhodi ezimbini ezenziwe nge-arc ngaphakathi nangaphandle zenziwe xa zijika i-masonry. Ipleyiti ye-arc yangaphakathi yenziwe ngokuhambelana ne-radius yokujikeleza; ipleyiti ye-arc yangaphandle yenziwe ngeradiyasi yangaphakathi kunye nobukhulu bezitena ezijikelezayo.

(2) Xa ukwakhiwa ukujikeleza okujikelezayo, umgca ophantsi womgca wokujikeleza usekelwe kwi-slab ene-arc, kwaye inxalenye engezantsi yakhiwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubude besitena bungadibana ne-5 ~ 7 izitena ezijikelezayo, ngoko unokuqalisa ukwakha phezulu. Jikelezisa, kwaye ngoko symmetrically ukwakha upside ezantsi ukusuka embindini ezantsi upside phantsi ukuya kumacala omabini. Musa ukubetha kakhulu xa uqala ukwakha ukunqanda ukutshintsha okanye ukukhulula. Emva kokuba izitena ezi-5 ~ 7 zakhiwe kwindawo engezantsi ye-screw inverted, ibhodi yangaphakathi eyenziwe yi-arc igxininiswe kumphezulu wesitena esijikelezayo, kwaye izitena zibekwe ngokulinganayo kumacala omabini ngomyalelo wokujikeleza izitena emva koko. ukulungisa izitena. Ulandelelwano lwe-masonry luboniswe kwi-Figure 7.

(3) When turning to 1/2 circle, the upper 1/2 adopts arch and vault masonry. When locking the bricks, turn the bricks around 1/2 of the upper vector height and then lock the bricks after the masonry is finished, as shown in Figure 8.

9. Ukwakhiwa kwezitena ezijingayo kunye nokudilizwa kweendonga zedangatye:

(1) Izitena ezijingayo kunye nokususa iindonga zedangatye zilandela umgaqo wokwakha ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu, ukusuka embindini ukuya kumacala omabini.

(2). Xa izitena zifuna ukucutshungulwa ukwakhiwa kwezitena zokuxhoma kunye neendonga zokucima umlilo, ukucocwa kwemingxuma yokuxhoma yezitena zokuxhoma akuyi kuba ngaphezu kwe-5mm, kwaye ubukhulu beendonga zokucima umlilo abuyi kuba ngaphantsi kwe-90. %. Makungabikho zintanda kwiindawo eziphambili zezitena ezijingayo.

(3) Kwizitena ezikhethekileyo ezinemibhobho yokulungisa i-bolt, umqolo wokuqala owomileyo ngumaleko wokubeka ilingo, kwaye emva kokumakisha indawo yemingxuma yebholithi kumbhobho, iibholiti zokulungisa zinokudityaniswa. Amantongomane akufunekanga aqiniswe kakhulu ngexesha le-masonry ukuphepha ukulimaza izitena eziphikisayo, kwaye imingxuma ye-bolt kufuneka izaliswe ngekhonkrithi ephikisayo.

10. Amalungu okwandisa udonga lwesithando somlilo ashiywe:

(1) Indawo kunye nefom yeendawo zokwandiswa kodonga lwesithando somlilo zihambelana neemfuno zoyilo. Ububanzi abuvunyelwe ukuba buncinci kuneemfuno zokuyila, kwaye izinto ezinzima ezifana nezitena eziphukileyo azivumelekanga ukuba ziwele kumalungu. Ukupakishwa kwindawo yokwandisa kuhlanganiswe ngokuqinileyo ngokweemfuno zoyilo. Xa kusetyenziswa intambo ye-asbestos, eyokuqala kwindawo yedangatye kufuneka ifakwe eludakeni olunqandayo.

(2) Imibhobho yamanzi eludongeni, iindawo ezisezantsi, iiheader, imibhobho yogutyulo, imigqomo, imingxuma yokulinganisa ubushushu (iityhubhu) kunye nemiqadi, njl.njl., ngodonga, shiya amalungu okwandisa eludongeni lokudityaniswa kunye noqhagamshelo oluthe nkqo noluthe tye lweziko lezitena ezixhathisayo. udonga. Kungcono ukuvuthuza ngentambo ye-asbestos.

(3) Indlela yokushiya umdibaniso wokwandiswa kodonga lwesithando somlilo:

①. Indlela yokugcina amajoyina okwandisa kwiimbombo iboniswe kwi-Figure 9 (a): indlela yokushiya i-junction ye-1/2 yesitena kunye ne-1 isitena; Umzobo we-9 (b): indlela yokushiya i-junction yesitena esi-1 kunye nesitena esi-1.

②. Indlela yokumisela amajoyina okwandisa ekudibaneni kweziphelo ezimbini zodonga lokudiliza kunye nodonga lwesithando somlilo luboniswe kwi-Figure 10.

③. Ukwandiswa okuthe nkqo kwendlela yokuhlala phakathi kodonga lwesithando somlilo iboniswe kuMfanekiso 11.

④. Indlela yokumisela amajoyina okwandisa kwi-junction yophahla lwesithando somlilo kunye neziphelo ezimbini ze-arch yokuxhoma kunye nodonga lwesithando somlilo kuboniswe kuMzobo 12.

⑤ Ulwandiso oluthe tyaba oluthe tyaba eludongeni lwesithando ngokuqhelekileyo lwenziwa ngezitena ezikhethekileyo. Ukuba akukho zitena ezikhethekileyo, indlela eboniswe kuMzobo we-13 isetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa. Xa ubeka i-horizontal expansion joint, intambo ye-asbestos kufuneka ixinzelelwe; ukuphakama kwezitena eziphikisayo ngaphezu kwe-horizontal expansion joint akufanele kudlule i-1m, kwaye izitena eziphikisayo kunye nezitena ezibomvu ziya kunyuka ngokuhlukileyo ukukhusela intambo ye-asbestos ukuba ixinzelelwe kwaye ibangele udonga lwesithando somlilo.

(4) Ulwandiso oluthe nkqo luxhoma umgca wokwakha, izinyo elingalunganga alikho ngaphezulu kwe-3mm, kwaye intambo yeasbestos kwindawo yokwandiswa inkulu kancinane kunobubanzi obushiyekileyo bokwandisa nge-3 ~ 5mm, kwaye iyacinezelwa. ngexesha elinye ngexesha lokumisa.

11. Refractory bricks and thermal insulation bricks are not allowed to wet the bricks, and the red bricks must be watered until the outside is dry and the inside is saturated before the red bricks are built.

12. Akuvumelekanga ukucubungula izitena okanye ukuhamba kwi-masonry, kwaye akuvumelekanga ukujongana nomgangatho wokulungiswa kwezitena kwindawo yomlilo.

13. Umphezulu wezitena eziphikisayo kunye nezitena ezibomvu kufuneka zidityaniswe. Apho iinyanda zetyhubhu yoconvection zixinaniswe nalapho izixhobo zebhoyila zivaliwe, iindlebe zothuthu kufuneka zikhuthulwe kunye ne-masonry.

Ulwakhiwo luhlala lulikhonkco iinkampani ezidla ngokungalihoyi. Bahlala becinga ukuba iimveliso ezilungileyo kunye noyilo oluhle lunokuqinisekisa ubomi benkonzo yeziko. Kumgangatho wesizwe, kukho imimiselo engqongqo yokwakhiwa kwe-rotary kiln, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: