Kusankhidwa kwa njira yozizira komanso njira zoziziritsira zoziziritsa kukhosi zozimitsa zigongono

Njira zowotchera ndi kuzimitsidwa makamaka zimatengera kutentha kwa austenitizing ndi njira yoziziritsira yozimitsa. Pakati pawo, kusankha kwa kutentha kwa austenitizing makamaka kumadalira kupeza kukula kwambewu yabwino, kulimba kwa kutentha kochepa, ndi mphamvu zokolola zambiri komanso mphamvu zolimba. Zinthuzi zimafunikanso kuphatikizidwa ndi kutenthetsa kuti zitsimikizire. Mapaipi opindika a magulu osiyanasiyana amphamvu ali ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pakuchita zomwe tatchulazi. Tengani chigongono cha X80 mwachitsanzo kuti muwonetse njira yodziwira magawo ake ozizimitsa. The mankhwala zikuchokera mayeso chitoliro zitsulo ndi chigongono zitsulo zalembedwa Table 10-1.

Table 10-1 Chemical zikuchokera mapaipi zitsulo ndi elbows kuyezetsa

Zitsanzo za mankhwala (chigawo chambiri)/%

C Si Mn PS Cr Mo Ni Nb V Ti Cu B Al

Chitoliro chachitsulo A 0. 06 0. 18 1. 78 0. 016 0. 004 0. 18 0. 26 0. 02 0. 06 0.02 0.01 0.01 – 0.03

B 0.05 0.21 1.74 0.018 0. 002 0. 15 0. 18 0.01 0. 07 0. 02 0.01 0.01 0. 001 0. 04

Thupi la chigongono 0. 08 0. 17 1. 68 0.010 0. 002 0.09 0. 20 0. 20 0. 05 0. 03 0. 02 0. 15 <0. 0001 0. 03

Weld 0.06 0. 27 1.65 0.012 0. 003 0. 01 0. 26 0. 11 0. 03 0. 02 0. 02 0. 10 <0. 0001 0

Choyamba, gwiritsani ntchito mapaipi achitsulo A ndi B, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotenthetsera ng’anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi mu labotale kuti mutsirize zomwe zili muyeso zotsatirazi.

(1) Ubale pakati pa kutentha kozimitsa ndi kukula kwambewu ya austenite Ubale pakati pa kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kukula kwa tirigu ukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 10-2. M’mikhalidwe yoyezetsa, tsitsani pa 1000 ° C. Pambuyo pozimitsa madzi ndi kutentha pa 500 ° C kwa 1h, kukula kwambewu kumakhala motere. Pansi pakupanga, chigongono chotentha chimakhala ndi madzi ndipo chimayikidwa 500 ° C , Kukula kwambewu pambuyo posungira kutentha kwa 1h ndi 13km. Pansi pa mayeso ndi mikhalidwe kupanga, analandira austenite tirigu kukula ndi pafupi kwambiri. Kuchokera pakuwona kutentha kozimitsa kutentha ndi kukula kwa njere ya chigongono pambuyo pa chithandizo chomaliza, ziyenera kukhala zotheka kusankha malire apamwamba a kutentha kwa 1000 ° C. The makulidwe a tirigu kukula zimakhudza kwambiri zokolola mphamvu ndi otsika kutentha toughness la chigongono. Pansi bwino zinthu, ndi bwino mbewu kukula

Zing’onozing’ono, kukweza mphamvu zokolola za chigongono, zimakhala bwino kulimba kwa kutentha kochepa. (2) Ubale wapakati pa kutentha kozimitsa ndi kulimba kwamphamvu kwa kutentha pang’ono Chithunzi 10-3 chikuwonetsa kugwirizana pakati pa kutentha kozimitsa ndi kutentha kwapakati pa 0 ° C ndi -40 ° C. Pa 0 ° C, kulimba kwa 900 ~ 1000 ° C sikusintha kwambiri; pa kutentha kwa 40 ° C, pamene kutentha kuzimitsa kuli pamwamba kuposa 950 ° C, kulimba kwamphamvu kumachepa. Kuchokera pazimenezi, kutentha kwa chigongono sikuyenera kupitirira 950 ℃ momwe ndingathere.

Ubale pakati pa njira yozimitsa ndi makina amakina Kuzimitsa kumaphatikizapo kutentha kozimitsa, kuzizira (sing’anga yozizira). Zotsatira za mphamvu ndi kutalika kwa chitsulo zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 10-4. Zomwe zili mu njira zisanu ndi ziwiri zozimitsa zomwe zili mu Chithunzi 10-4 zalembedwa mu Table 10-2. Mipendero itatu mu Chithunzi 10-4 motsatana ikuyimira zofunikira zochepa za δb, δ0.2, ndi δ za X80 grade zitsulo mapaipi mu APIspec 5L mulingo. Kuchokera pazomwe zili mu Chithunzi 10-4, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti mphamvu ya madzi otsekedwa ndi zitsanzo zowonongeka, kuphatikizapo elongation (onani Chithunzi 10-4), ikukwaniritsa zofunikira za muyezo; pamene zitsanzo za mpweya woziziritsa ndi mafuta oziziritsa ndi zowonongeka Mphamvu zake ndizochepa kuposa zomwe zimafunikira. Zitha kuwoneka kuti, kuchokera pakuwona kutentha kozimitsa, njira yoziziritsira madzi ya 900-1000 ℃ ikugwirizana ndi chithandizo cha kutentha kwachitsulo cha X80 grade. Table 10-2 Kuzimitsa ndi kutentha njira yochizira ng’anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi

Ayi. Kuzimitsa kutentha

/r Kugwira nthawi /mphindi Njira yozizirira Kutentha kozizira% Kugwira nthawi /mphindi Njira yozizirira

2 1000 idakali pano

3 1000 mokakamiza kuziziritsa mpweya

4 1000 30 kuziziritsa mafuta 500 60 kuziziritsa mpweya

5 900 madzi ozizira

6 950 madzi ozizira

7 1000 madzi ozizira

Mwachidule, kuchokera paubwenzi pakati pa kukula kwambewu ya austenite, kulimba kwa kutentha kwapansi-kutentha, elongation, mphamvu zokolola, mphamvu zamakokedwe ndi zinthu zina ndi kutentha kozimitsa, kuzizira, kutentha koyenera kuzimitsa kuyenera kukhala 900 ~ 1000 mipanda, kupopera madzi kuzirala. pambuyo kuzima. Pakalipano, kutentha kozimitsa kutentha kwa induction komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndi 950 ~ 1050 ° C, ndipo njira yozizirira ndiyo kupopera madzi kapena kuziziritsa mpweya wozizira.