Qalabka dib u celinta ee dahaarka foornada qaraxa

Waxyaabaha dib-u-celinta waxaa loo isticmaalaa cunaha, jidhka, caloosha, iyo foornada qaraxa. Soosaarayaasha lebenka soo celinaya ayaa sii wadi doona inay kula wadaagaan.

Foornada qaraxu waa qalabka birta-samaynta ah. Birta birta, kookaha iyo wixii la mid ah ayaa laga soo saaraa foornada sare ee saami ahaan, heerkul sarreeya (1000 ~ 1200 ℃) ayaa la galaa tuyere hoose. Falcelinta-yaraynta oksaydhisku waxa lagu sameeyaa foornada qaraxa. Birta birta, birta birta ahi waxay ka soo baxdaa godka birta ee qaybta hoose ee foornada qaraxa si ay u kala saarto birta iyo birta. Dabalataanis garuu adda addaa guddaa qabu, fayyadamtoota kana gadi guddaa qabu. Birta dhalaalaysa waxay ka gashaa haanta torpedo iyada oo soo marta sanbabada lulida ama waxay sii wadaa samaynta birta ama waxa loo diraa mishiinka wax shubka birta. Ugu dambeyntii, gaasta foornada qaraxa waxaa lagu sii daayaa iyada oo loo sii marayo qalabka ka-saarista boodhka. Tani waa habka oo dhan ee farsamaynta foornada qaraxa.

Horumarka iyo horumarka warshadaha birta iyo birta ee wadamo kala duwan, foornooyinka qarxinta ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u koraya dhanka baaxad weyn, waxtarka sare iyo cimri dhererka. Sida refractoriness wanaagsan, xasilloonida heerkulka sare, cufnaanta, conductivity kaamerada, xidhashada caabbinta, caabbinta nabaad guurka iyo caabbinta slag.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa jira noocyo badan oo ah qalabka dib-u-celinta ee foornooyinka qarxinta, iyo isticmaalka qalabka dib-u-celinta ee qaybo kala duwan ayaa kala duwan sababtoo ah saameynta xaaladaha foornada.

Xagga cunaha foornada, dhogorta refractory waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii dahaarka difaaca ee maro macquul ah. Heerkulka waa 400 ~ 500 ℃, oo si toos ah ayey u saamaysay oo u jajaban tahay kharashka, iyo saamaynta socodka hawadu waa yara fudud. Halkan, leben cufan, leben aluminium sare ah, kabka dhoobada/ rinjiga buufinta, iwm. ayaa loo isticmaali karaa dhismo.

Qaybta jirka ee foornada waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah foornada qaraxa, taas oo loo isticmaalo kuleylinta, yaraynta iyo dhimista kharashka. Halkan, nabaad-guurka alaabta iyo heerkulka hawada sare ayaa ka sii daran. Heerkulka dhexe ee foornada ayaa ah 400 ~ 800 ℃, mana jiraan wax nabaad guur ah. Waxaa inta badan saameeya nabaadguurka siigada sii kacaysa, shoogga kulaylka, zinc alkali iyo kaydinta kaarboonka. Sidaa darteed, leben cufan oo cufan iyo leben aluminium sare ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa qaybta sare ee qaybta, iyo lebenka dhoobada fosfatka ah ee ka-hortagga xirashada u adkaysta, lebenka alumina sare, iyo leben sillimanite ayaa loo isticmaalaa dhismaha; Qaybta hoose ee jidhka foornada waxay isticmaashaa cufan oo xidha leben dhoobo adkaysi u leh, leben aluminium sare ah, iyo leben corundum. , Lebenka Carborundum ee suufka.

Caloosha foornada waxay u shaqeysaa sidii daboolka kor u qaadista, halkaasoo qayb ka mid ah kharashka la dhimay oo la jarayo, iyo xuubka foornada ayaa si aad ah u daxaliyay birta. Heerkulka halkan waa mid aad u sarreeya sida 1400 ~ 1600 ℃ ee qaybta sare iyo 1600 ~ 1650 ℃ ee qaybta hoose. Iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay saamaynta guud ee shucaaca heerkulka sare, nabaad guurka alkali, gaaska foornada ee boodhka leh ee kulul, iwm., walxaha dib-u-celinta ee daboolka foornada halkan ayaa si xun u waxyeeloobay. Sidaa darteed, walxaha dib-u-celinta leh ee iska caabbinta xooggan u leh nabaad-guurka slag iyo nabaad-guurka iyo nabaad-guurka waa in halkan lagu doortaa. Caloosha foornada waxay isticmaali kartaa leben dhoobo yar-yar, leben aluminium sare ah, leben graphite, leben carbide silicon, leben corundum, iwm.

Weelku waa meesha ay ku raran yihiin birta dhalaalaysa iyo tan dhalaalaysa. Heerkulka ugu sarreeya ee aagga tuyere waa 1700 ~ 2000 ℃, heerkulka foornada hoosena waa 1450 ~ 1500 ℃. Marka laga soo tago in heerkulka sare uu saameeyay, xuubka xuubka ayaa sidoo kale baabi’iyay dharbaaxo iyo birta. Tuyere-sare wuxuu isticmaali karaa lebenka corundum mullite leben, leben corundum brown, iyo leben sillimanite ah oo loogu talagalay dhagaxyada. Lebenka Corundum mullite iyo lebenka corundum brown ayaa loo isticmaalaa dusha kulul ee xiriirka birta, iyo leben kaarboon cufan iyo leben garaafyada semi-graphite ayaa loo isticmaalaa dusha qabow. Leben kaarboon, leben kaarboon microporous, leben kaarboon qaabaysan, korundum brown dhinac hoose blocks sibidhka prefabricated, weel kulul-cadaadiyey yar leben carbon, hoose foornada isticmaalaya graphite leben kaarbon semi-graphite, leben kaarboon microporous, iwm.

Intaa waxaa dheer, leben dhoobo ah, leben carbide silicon, leben garaaf ah, kabka corundum isku qasan, kabka silikoon carbide castables, godka birta qalabka dayactirka buufin kulaylka waxaa loo isticmaali karaa weelka birta foornada. Daboolka godka wuxuu isticmaalaa sibidh hooseeya iyo kabka aluminium sare iyo qaybta skimmer Isticmaalka corundum corundum sibidhka hooseeya, walxaha refractory ee sanbabada lulid la mid ah ka godka birta, iyo godka slag waxaa laga samayn karaa wax yar ka hooseeya.