Amanqaku enkqubo yonyango lobushushu lwemithombo emikhulu enobubanzi obunomatshini oqina rhoqo

Imithombo enobubanzi obukhulu yenziwe ngekhoyili ezishushu. Njengemithombo yezivalo ezinkulu, kufuneka zimelane nokuphakama okuphindaphindiweyo kunye noxinzelelo ngexesha lokusebenza. Ke ngoko, kufuneka babene-elasticity egqwesileyo kunye namandla okudinwa. Iindlela zokungaphumeleli zentwasahlobo ikakhulu kukudinwa kukwaphuka kunye noxinzelelo lokuphumla, kwaye malunga neepesenti ezingama-90 zemithombo ayiphumeleli ngenxa yokwaphuka komzimba. Ngokwemeko zenkonzo yayo, i-50CrVA yentsimbi yasentwasahlobo enobulukhuni obulungileyo, i-deformation encinci kunye neempawu ezifanelekileyo zoomatshini kufuneka zikhethwe. Emva kokucima + ubushushu obuphakathi buphakathi oomatshini abenza lukhuni rhoqo, inokuhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zomsebenzi wayo. Namhlanje ndiza kukuxelela ngenkqubo yokunyanga ubushushu obuphezulu.

(1) inkqubo unyango Ubushushu

a. Intwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqengqeleka yenziwa ngezinto ezirhabaxa, kwaye ukufudumeza kwentwasahlobo kwenziwa ngumatshini oqinisa rhoqo. Inempawu zexesha elifutshane lokufudumeza kunye neenkozo ezintle ze-austenite. Ngenxa yeenkozo ezintle ze-austenite, umzimba wenyama uyonyuswa. Inani leenkozo zolwakhiwo kunye nomda wemida yokudla okuziinkozo kunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokunyusa ukungahambelani kokuhamba. Ubushushu bokufudumeza (900 ± 10) ℃. Ngeli xesha, amandla obushushu aphezulu ephathekayo kunye neplastikhi elungileyo zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ukuhambisa ngokulula. Nangona kunjalo, iqondo lobushushu lokufudumeza akufuneki libe liphezulu kakhulu okanye ixesha lokubamba lide kakhulu, ngaphandle koko izinto ziya kubashushu okanye ngaphezulu I-oxidation kunye ne-decarburization inokude ikhokelele ekubhukuqekeni nasekukhukhuleni.

b. Ukucima + tempering kubushushu obuphakathi. Ukufudumeza kwenziwa kumatshini oqaqambisa ukuqina, ubushushu bokufudumeza yi-850-880 ℃, ulungelelwaniso lokugcina ubushushu lubalwa kwi-1.5min / mm, ngokusekwe kukudubula, indawo yokupholisa inefuthe elibalulekileyo kubulukhuni kwaye ukusebenza kwentwasahlobo, kunye nokupholisa ioyile kunokukhethwa. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo.

c. Itemplate yenziwa ngumatshini wokucima ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu. Ngokweemfuno zobulukhuni, ukujongwa ngokungafaniyo kunye nomsantsa, sebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo sobushushu ukulungisa nokubeka ngokuchanekileyo. Ubushushu bokufudumeza ngama-400-440 ℃, kwaye amanzi apholile emva kokugcinwa kobushushu. Iqondo lobushushu lokushisa kwemithombo ngokubanzi li-400-500 ℃, kwaye amandla aphezulu okudinwa anokufumaneka emva kokubila.

(2) Uhlalutyo kunye nokuphumeza amanqaku enkqubo yonyango lobushushu entwasahlobo

Ngenxa 50CrVA ngentsimbi izinto ezininzi udibaniso, ukuba lukhuni intsimbi kuphuculwe. I-Chromium yinto enamandla ye-carbide, kwaye i-carbides yazo ikhona kufutshane nomda wokutya okuziinkozo, ngenxa yoko inokuthintela ukukhula kokutya okuziinkozo, ke ngoko kuphuculwe ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu bokucima kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokubamba akuyi kubangela ukukhula kweekristale.

Kwinkqubo yokufudumeza kwemithombo eshushu yekhoyili, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kubudlelwane phakathi kwento yokuhla komhlaba kunye nokucima ubushushu kunye nexesha. Ukuziqhelanisa kubonise ukuba ubushushu obuphezulu bokucima kunye nexesha elide lokufudumeza kuya kubangela ukuba i-decarburization inyuke. Ke ngoko, xa umatshini wokucima isantya esiphezulu usetyenziselwa ukufudumeza, iiparameter zenkqubo kufuneka zilawulwe ngokungqongqo. Ukongeza, ukutyabeka okanye ukupakisha ukukhusela ukufudumeza kunokusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa i-oxidation kunye ne-decarburization yomphezulu. Kukho uncwadi lokuba ukupheliswa komhlaba kwentwasahlobo kunciphisa ubomi benkonzo, kwaye kulula ukuba ngumthombo wokudinwa.

Iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi lobushushu entwasahlobo kukufumana ulwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza. Ukujonga ukuba i-50CrVA yesinyithi yinto evelisa ubushushu besibini, kufuneka ipholile ngokukhawuleza (ioyile okanye ukupholisa amanzi) emva kokubila ukuthintela ubushushu bomsindo (kubangele ubungqongqo bayo buncitshisiwe), kwaye kunokubangela uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo oluphezulu ngaphezulu, oluncedo ekuphuculeni amandla okudinwa. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukupholisa amanzi kusetyenziswa endaweni yokupholisa ioyile. Ubume emva kobushushu yi-troostite enobushushu kunye nobunzima be-40-46HRC. Ine-elasticity elungileyo kunye namandla aneleyo kunye nobulukhuni. Ukongeza, ukuba ixesha lokubamba lifutshane kakhulu, ubume obufanayo kunye nokusebenza akunakufunyanwa, kwaye ukusebenza akuphuculwanga ukuba ixesha lide kakhulu. Ke ngoko, uvavanyo lwenkqubo kufuneka lwenziwe ukumisela ixesha elifanelekileyo.