Hanyar masana’antu da kuma maganin zafi na shaft forgings

1. Hanyar masana’antu da kuma maganin zafi na shaft forgings

(1) Abu

A cikin samar da ƙaramin yanki guda ɗaya, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙirƙira mai ƙirƙira sau da yawa yana amfani da haja mai birgima mai zafi.

Don ginshiƙai masu tsayi tare da manyan bambance-bambancen diamita, don adana kayan aiki da rage yawan aiki don yin aiki, ana amfani da ƙirƙira sau da yawa. Tsakanin tsakuwa da aka samar a cikin ƙananan guntu guda ɗaya gabaɗaya kyauta ce ta ƙirƙira, kuma ana amfani da ƙirƙirar mutuwa wajen samarwa da yawa.

(2) Maganin zafi

Domin 45 karfe, bayan quenching da tempering (235HBS), gida high-mita quenching iya sa gida taurin kai HRC62 ~ 65, sa’an nan kuma bayan da ya dace tempering jiyya, shi za a iya rage zuwa da ake bukata taurin (misali, CA6140 sandal aka kayyade. kamar HRC52).

9Mn2V, wanda shi ne manganese-vanadium gami kayan aiki karfe tare da carbon abun ciki na game da 0.9%, yana da mafi kyau hardenability, inji ƙarfi da taurin fiye da 45 karfe. Bayan ingantaccen magani mai zafi, ya dace da daidaiton girma da buƙatun kwanciyar hankali na ingantattun kayan aikin injin madaidaici. Alal misali, na duniya cylindrical grinder M1432A headstock da niƙa dabaran dunƙule amfani da wannan kayan.

38CrMoAl, wannan ƙarfe ne mai matsakaici-carbon gami nitrided. Saboda nitriding zafin jiki ne 540-550 ℃ kasa da general quenching zafin jiki, da nakasawa ne karami da kuma taurin ne ma high (HRC> 65, cibiyar taurin HRC> 28) da kyau kwarai Saboda haka, headstock shaft da nika dabaran shaft na high-daidaici Semi-atomatik cylindrical grinder MBG1432 an yi da irin wannan karfe.

Bugu da ƙari, don ƙirƙira madaidaicin madaidaicin matsakaici da babban gudu, ana amfani da ƙarfe na ƙirar gami kamar 40Cr. Bayan quenching da tempering da high-mita quenching, irin wannan karfe yana da high m inji Properties kuma zai iya saduwa da bukatun na amfani. Wasu sanduna kuma suna amfani da ƙarfe mai ɗaukar ƙwallon ƙafa kamar GCr15 da ƙarfe na bazara kamar 66Mn. Bayan quenching da tempering da surface quenching, wadannan karafa suna da musamman high lalacewa juriya da gajiya juriya. Lokacin da ake buƙatar sassan shaft don yin aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai sauri da nauyi mai nauyi, ana iya zaɓar ƙananan ƙarfe mai ɗauke da zinare kamar 18CrMnTi da 20Mn2B. Wadannan karafa suna da tsayin daka mai tsayi, tasirin tasiri da ƙarfi bayan carburizing da quenching, amma nakasar da maganin zafi ke haifarwa ya fi na 38CrMoAl girma.

Don sandunan da ke buƙatar quenching mai girma na gida, ya kamata a shirya maganin kashewa da zafin jiki a cikin tsarin da ya gabata (wasu karafa an daidaita su). Lokacin da gefen gefen ya zama babba (kamar ƙirƙira), quenching da tempering ya kamata a sanya shi bayan m juya. Kafin ka gama juyawa, don haka za a iya kawar da damuwa na ciki da ke haifar da mummunan juyawa a lokacin quenching da tempering; lokacin da gefen gefen ya yi ƙanƙanta (kamar hannun jari), quenching da tempering za a iya aiwatar da su kafin juye juye (daidai da jujjuyawar ƙirƙira). Ana yin jiyya mai saurin kashewa gabaɗaya bayan kammala juzu’i. Tunda sandar sandar kawai tana buƙatar taurare a cikin gida, akwai wasu buƙatu don daidaito kuma babu wani aiki na sassauƙa mai tauri, kamar zare, niƙa da sauran matakai, ana shirya su a cikin quenching da roughing. Bayan nika. Don ingantattun igiyoyi masu tsayi, ana buƙatar jiyya mai ƙarancin zafin jiki bayan quenching na gida da kuma niƙa mai ƙarfi, ta yadda tsarin ƙirar ƙarfe da yanayin damuwa na sandal ɗin ya kasance barga.

Shaft forgings

Na biyu, zabin saka datum

Don ƙaƙƙarfan ƙirƙira ingantacciyar igiya, kyakkyawan saman datum shine rami na tsakiya, wanda ya gamsar da daidaituwar datum da daidaiton datum. Don ƙwanƙolin ramuka kamar CA6140A, ban da rami na tsakiya, akwai filin da’irar waje na mujallar kuma ana amfani da su biyu a madadin, suna aiki azaman datum ga juna.

Uku, rabon matakan sarrafawa

Kowane tsari na injina da tsarin kula da zafi a cikin aikin injinan sandar za su haifar da kurakurai na injina da damuwa zuwa digiri daban-daban, don haka dole ne a raba sassan injinan. Mashin din din din din ya kasu asali zuwa matakai uku masu zuwa.

(1) M machining mataki

1) sarrafa komai. Shiri mara kyau, ƙirƙira da daidaitawa.

2) Rough machining saw don cire abin da ya wuce gona da iri, niƙa ƙarshen fuska, hako rami na tsakiya da waje na motar sharar gida, da sauransu.

(2) Matakin kammalawa na Semi-karewa

1) Maganin zafi kafin aikin gamawa gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi don ƙarfe 45 don cimma 220-240HBS.

2) Semi-kammala juya tsari taper surface (matsayi taper rami) Semi-kammala juya m da’irar karshen fuska da zurfin rami hakowa, da dai sauransu.

(3), matakin qarshe

1) Maganin zafi da yawan kashe mitar gida kafin a gama.

2) Kowane irin m nika na matsayi mazugi, m nika na waje da’ira, milling na keyway da spline tsagi, da threading kafin karewa.

3) Kammalawa da niƙa da’irar waje da saman mazugi na ciki da na waje don tabbatar da daidaiton mafi mahimmancin saman sandar.

Shaft forgings

Na hudu, tsara tsarin sarrafawa da ƙaddamar da tsari

Don jujjuyawar mazugi tare da halayen mazugi da na ciki, lokacin la’akari da tsarin sarrafa manyan filaye kamar mujallu masu goyan baya, mujallu na gaba ɗaya da mazugi na ciki, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa kamar haka.

①Tsarin injina na waje → hako ramuka masu zurfi → Ƙarshen saman waje → Ƙulla ramin taper → Kammala ramin taper;

Matsakaicin shimfidar rami mai zurfi → takin mai zurfi → Taper rami kusurwa → takin rami na kusa da rami taper na kare → saman farfajiyar ƙare;

③Gwargwadon yanayin waje → hakowa mai zurfi → ramin ramin roughing → kammala saman waje → kammala ramin taper.

Don tsarin sarrafawa na CA6140 lathe spindle, ana iya yin nazari da kwatanta shi kamar haka:

Makirci na farko: A lokacin da ake yin mashin ɗin ramin da aka ɗora, daidaitaccen da’irar da’irar waje za ta lalace saboda yanayin da aka gama da shi ana amfani da shi azaman shimfidar wuri mai kyau, don haka wannan makircin bai dace ba.

Magani na biyu: Lokacin da aka gama saman waje, ya kamata a sake shigar da filogin taper, wanda zai lalata daidaiton ramin taper. Bugu da ƙari, babu makawa za a sami kurakurai na injina yayin sarrafa ramin taper (yanayin niƙa na ramin taper ya fi yanayin niƙa na waje, kuma kuskuren taper ɗin kanta zai haifar da bambanci tsakanin farfajiyar madauwari ta waje da ta ciki. Shaft, don haka bai kamata a yi amfani da wannan makirci ba.

Magani na uku: A cikin ƙarshen ramin taper, ko da yake saman da’irar waje da aka gama dole ne a yi amfani da shi a matsayin ma’anar kammalawa; amma saboda izinin machining na kammala saman taper ya riga ya ƙanƙanta, ƙarfin niƙa ba shi da girma; a lokaci guda, taper Ƙarshen ramin yana cikin mataki na ƙarshe na machining shaft, kuma yana da ɗan tasiri akan daidaiton madauwari na waje. Baya ga tsarin sarrafawa na wannan makirci, ana iya amfani da saman madauwari na waje da ramin da aka zana a madadin, wanda zai iya inganta coaxial a hankali. Kashe

Ta hanyar wannan kwatancen, ana iya ganin cewa tsarin sarrafa na’urorin ƙirƙira irin su CA6140 spindle ya fi zaɓi na uku.

Ta hanyar bincike da kwatanta tsare-tsare, ana iya ganin cewa tsarin aiwatar da tsari na kowane farfajiya na shingen shinge yana da alaƙa da jujjuyawar datum ɗin sakawa. Lokacin da aka zaɓi ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan datum mai kyau don sarrafa sashi, ana iya tantance tsarin aiki da ɗan ƙima. Domin a ko da yaushe ana sarrafa saman datum ɗin farko a farkon kowane mataki, wato, tsari na farko dole ne ya shirya datum ɗin sakawa da aka yi amfani da shi don tsari na gaba. Alal misali, a cikin tsari na CA6140 spindle, ƙarshen fuska yana niƙa kuma an buga rami na tsakiya daga farkon. Wannan shi ne don shirya datum ɗin sakawa don da’irar waje na jujjuyawar juye-juye da juzu’i na ƙarewa; da’irar waje na jujjuyawar ƙarewa tana shirya datum ɗin sakawa don injin rami mai zurfi; da’irar waje na juye-shiryen kammalawa shima yana shirya datum ɗin sakawa don yin aikin rami na gaba da baya. Sabanin haka, ramukan tafe na gaba da na baya suna sanye take da babban rami bayan taper plugging, kuma an shirya datum ɗin sakawa don kammala ƙarshen ƙarshen da ƙarshen da’irar waje; kuma datum ɗin sakawa don niƙa na ƙarshe na ramin taper shine jaridar da aka yi ƙasa a cikin tsarin da ya gabata. farfajiya.

Shaft forgings

5. Ya kamata a ƙayyade tsarin bisa ga tsarin sarrafawa, kuma a kula da ka’idoji guda biyu:

1. Matsayin datum jirgin sama a cikin tsari ya kamata a shirya kafin tsari. Misali, ana shirya aikin sarrafa rami mai zurfi bayan daɗaɗɗen jujjuya saman saman waje don samun ingantaccen jarida a matsayin wurin da ake sakawa don tabbatar da kaurin bango iri ɗaya yayin sarrafa rami mai zurfi.

2. Ya kamata a raba aiki na kowane wuri don m da lafiya, da farko m sa’an nan kuma lafiya, sau da yawa don inganta a hankali da daidaito. Ya kamata a shirya ƙarshen babban farfajiya a ƙarshen.

Domin inganta tsarin ƙarfe da aikin sarrafawa, tsarin kula da zafi, irin su annealing, daidaitawa, da sauransu, yakamata a shirya gabaɗaya kafin sarrafa injina.

Domin inganta inji Properties na shaft forgings da kuma kawar da ciki danniya, da zafi magani tsari, kamar quenching da tempering, tsufa magani, da dai sauransu, ya kamata kullum a shirya bayan m machining da kuma kafin karewa.