Usoro mmepụta na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke osisi forgings

1. Usoro nrụpụta na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke osisi forgings

(1) Ihe

N’imepụta obere ogbe nke otu ibe, a na-ejikarị osisi akpụ akpụ ọkụ eme ihe.

Maka osisi steepụ nwere nnukwu ọdịiche dị n’obosara, iji chekwaa ihe ma belata ọrụ maka ịrụ ọrụ, a na-ejikarị eme ihe. Ogwe ndị steepụ ụkwụ emepụtara n’obere ogbe nke otu ibe na-abụkarị akpụ akpụ n’efu, a na-ejikwa ịhịa anwụ na-emepụta ọtụtụ ihe.

(2) ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ

N’ihi na ígwè 45, mgbe quenching na tempering (235HBS), mpaghara elu-ugboro quenching nwere ike ime ka ike obodo rute HRC62～65, na mgbe ahụ, mgbe kwesịrị ekwesị tempering ọgwụgwọ, ọ nwere ike belata na chọrọ ike siri ike (dịka ọmụmaatụ, CA6140 spindle ka akọwapụtara nke ọma). dị ka HRC52).

9Mn2V, nke bụ a manganese-vanadium alloy ngwá ọrụ ígwè na a carbon ọdịnaya nke banyere 0.9%, nwere mma hardenability, n’ibu ike na ike siri ike karịa 45 ígwè. Mgbe ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị, ọ dị mma maka nha nha nha na nkwụsi ike chọrọ nke spindles igwe dị elu nkenke. Dị ka ihe atụ, eluigwe na ala cylindrical grinder M1432A headstock na egweri wheel spindle na-eji ihe a.

38CrMoAl, nke a bụ ihe na-ajụ carbon alloy nitrided ígwè. N’ihi na nitriding okpomọkụ bụ 540-550 ℃ ala karịa izugbe quenching okpomọkụ, deformation bụ nta na ekweghị ekwe bụkwa elu (HRC> 65, center hardness HRC>28) na magburu onwe ya Ya mere, headstock aro na egweri wheel aro nke elu-nkenke ọkara akpaka cylindrical grinder MBG1432 bụ nke ụdị ígwè a.

Na mgbakwunye, maka osisi forgings nke nwere oke nkenke yana oke ọsọ, a na-ejikarị ígwè arụ ọrụ alloy dị ka 40Cr. Mgbe quenching na tempering na elu-ugboro quenching, ụdị ígwè a nwere nnukwu keukwu n’ibu Njirimara na ike izute chọrọ nke ojiji. Ụfọdụ osisi na-ejikwa igwe na-agba bọọlụ dịka GCr15 na igwe mmiri dị ka 66Mn. Mgbe quenching na tempering na elu quenching, ndị a nchara nwere oké elu eyi nguzogide na ike ọgwụgwụ. Mgbe achọrọ akụkụ osisi ka ọ rụọ ọrụ n’okpuru ọnọdụ dị elu na ibu dị arọ, enwere ike ịhọrọ ọla edo nwere obere carbon dị ka 18CrMnTi na 20Mn2B. Steel ndị a nwere isi ike dị elu, mmetụta siri ike na ike bụ isi mgbe carburizing na quenching gasịrị, mana nrụrụ nke ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ kpatara dị ukwuu karịa nke 38CrMoAl.

N’ihi na spindles na-achọ mpaghara elu-ugboro quenching, na quenching na tempering ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ndokwa na gara aga usoro (ụfọdụ nchara na-na normalized). Mgbe oghere oghere buru ibu (dị ka forgings), a ga-edobe mmenyụ ahụ na iwe ọkụ ka ọ gachara. Tupu ịmechaa ntụgharị, nke mere na enwere ike iwepụ nrụgide dị n’ime ahụ site na ntụgharị siri ike n’oge nkwụsị na iwe ọkụ; mgbe oghere oghere dị ntakịrị (dị ka ngwaahịa mmanya), ị nwere ike imenyụ ọkụ na iwe ọkụ tupu ọ gbanwee (nke dabara na ntụgharị nke ọkara nke mmecha). A na-edobe ọgwụgwọ nkwụsịtụ dị elu ka emechara ntụgharị. Ebe ọ bụ naanị mkpa ka akpọchie eriri ahụ na mpaghara, enwere ụfọdụ ihe a chọrọ maka izi ezi na enweghị nhazi akụkụ siri ike, dị ka eri, igwe igwe na usoro ndị ọzọ, ka a na-ahazi n’ime imenyụ na ịhịa aka n’ahụ. Mgbe egweri. Maka spindles dị elu, a na-achọ ọgwụgwọ ịka nká dị ala mgbe emenyụchara mpaghara ahụ na igwe nri siri ike, nke mere na nhazi metallographic na ọnọdụ nrụgide nke mkpịsị mkpịsị ahụ ka kwụsiri ike.

Nkịtị forgings

Nke abụọ, nhọrọ nke itinye datum

Maka nrụgide osisi siri ike, ọmarịcha datum dị n’elu bụ oghere etiti, nke na-eju afọ ndakpọ datum na otu datum. Maka oghere oghere dị ka CA6140A, na mgbakwunye na oghere etiti, enwere elu okirikiri nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ma a na-eji ha abụọ eme ihe ọzọ, na-eje ozi dị ka datum maka ibe ha.

Atọ, nkewa nke nhazi nkebi

Usoro nhazi ọ bụla na usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ na usoro nhazi spindle ga-emepụta njehie machining na nrụgide na ogo dịgasị iche iche, ya mere a ghaghị kewaa usoro nhazi. N’ụzọ bụ isi, a na-ekewa n’ịkpụgharị spindle n’ime usoro atọ ndị a.

(1) Ogbo machining siri ike

1) Nhazi oghere. Nkwadebe oghere, imepụta na normalizing.

2) Machining siri ike hụrụ iji wepụ akụkụ ahụ na-agafe agafe, na-egwepịa ihu njedebe, na-egwupụta oghere etiti na gburugburu mpụta nke ụgbọ ala mkpofu, wdg.

(2) Ogbo mmecha

1) Okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ tupu ọkara-emecha nhazi a na-ejikarị maka 45 ígwè iji nweta 220-240HBS.

2) Semi-finishing mbịne usoro taper elu (n’ọkwa taper oghere) ọkara emecha mbịne elu okirikiri ọgwụgwụ ihu na miri oghere mkpọpu ala, wdg.

(3), ngwụcha ogbo

1) Okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ na mpaghara elu ugboro quenching tupu agwụ agwụ.

2) ụdị ọ bụla nke siri ike egweri nke ọnọdụ cone, siri ike egweri nke mpụta okirikiri,-egwe ọka nke keyway na spline groove, na threading tupu agwụcha.

3) Ịmecha ma na-egweri okirikiri dị n’èzí na n’ime na n’èzí cone na-ebupụta iji hụ na izi ezi nke elu kachasị mkpa nke spindle.

Nkịtị forgings

Nke anọ, nhazi nke usoro nhazi na mkpebi nke usoro ahụ

N’ihi na aro forgings nwere oghere na n’ime cone àgwà, mgbe ị na-atụle usoro nhazi usoro nke isi elu dị ka akwụkwọ nkwado, akwụkwọ akụkọ izugbe na n’ime cones, e nwere ọtụtụ nhọrọ dị ka ndị a.

① Ịrụ ọrụ siri ike nke elu elu → ịkụnye oghere miri emi → imecha elu elu → imechi oghere nke taper → imecha oghere taper;

② Mpụga elu elu → igwu mmiri miri emi → oghere oghere roughing → oghere oghere agwụcha elu elu elu;

③Mpụ elu roughing → igwu mmiri miri emi → taper oghere roughing → elu elu finishing → taper oghere finishing.

Maka usoro nhazi nke CA6140 lathe spindle, enwere ike nyochaa ya ma jiri ya tụnyere nke a:

Atụmatụ mbụ: N’oge a na-arụ ọrụ siri ike nke oghere a na-agbanye, a ga-emebi nkenke na mgbagwoju anya nke gburugburu gburugburu n’ihi na a na-eji elu excircle nke emechachara arụ ọrụ dị ka ebe ntụaka dị mma, ya mere atụmatụ a adịghị mma.

Ngwọta nke abụọ: Mgbe ị na-emecha elu dị n’èzí, a ga-etinye nkwụnye taper ọzọ, nke ga-ebibi izi ezi nke oghere oghere. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a ga-enwe njehie machining mgbe ị na-edozi oghere nke taper (ọnọdụ ndị na-egweri nke oghere ahụ dị njọ karịa ọnọdụ nsị nke mpụga, na njehie nke nkwụnye nkwụnye ahụ n’onwe ya ga-eme ka ọdịiche dị n’etiti elu okirikiri dị n’elu na n’ime ya. N’elu osisi, n’ihi ya, a gaghị anabata atụmatụ a.

Ngwọta nke atọ: Na njedebe nke oghere taper, ọ bụ ezie na a ghaghị iji elu nke gburugburu nke dị n’èzí emechaa mee ihe dị ka ihe nrịbama nke njedebe; ma n’ihi na machining ohere nke finishing nke taper elu ugbua obere, egweri ike adịghị nnukwu; n’otu oge ahụ, taper Ịmecha oghere ahụ dị na njedebe ikpeazụ nke nrụpụta ogwe osisi, ọ na-enwekwa mmetụta dị nta na izi ezi nke elu okirikiri dị n’èzí. Na mgbakwunye na usoro nhazi nke atụmatụ a, a pụrụ iji ihe dị n’elu okirikiri dị n’èzí na oghere a na-atụgharị mee ihe ọzọ, nke nwere ike jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ mee ka coaxial dịkwuo mma. Mefuo.

Site na ntụnyere a, enwere ike ịhụ na usoro nhazi nke osisi forgings dị ka CA6140 spindle dị mma karịa nhọrọ nke atọ.

Site na nyocha na ntụle nke atụmatụ ndị a, enwere ike ịhụ na usoro nhazi usoro nhazi nke elu nke ọ bụla nke ogwe osisi na-ejikọta ya na ntughari nke datum nhazi. Mgbe ahọpụtara datums siri ike na nke ọma maka nhazi akụkụ, usoro nhazi nwere ike ikpebi nke ọma. N’ihi na a na-edozi elu datum n’elu ya mgbe niile na mmalite nke ọkwa ọ bụla, ya bụ, usoro nke mbụ ga-edozi datum n’ọkwa nke ejiri maka usoro na-esote. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na usoro nke CA6140 spindle, a na-egweri ihu njedebe na oghere etiti site na mmalite. Nke a bụ iji dozie datum n’ọnọdu maka okirikiri mpụta nke ntụgharị siri ike na ntụgharị mmecha; mpụta okirikiri nke ọkara-emecha ntụgharị na-akwadebe datum n’ọnọdu maka ime oghere miri emi; mpụta okirikiri nke ọkara-emecha atụgharị na-akwadebekwa datum n’ọnọdu maka ihu na azụ taper oghere machining. N’aka nke ọzọ, a na-eji oghere ndị dị n’ihu na azụ azụ na oghere dị elu mgbe a na-agbanye taper, na a na-akwadebe datum n’ọkwa maka njedebe nke ọkara na njedebe nke mpụta gburugburu; na ebe a na-edebe datum maka nkwụsị ikpeazụ nke oghere taper bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ a na-agbanye na usoro gara aga. elu.

Nkịtị forgings

5. Ekwesịrị ikpebi usoro ahụ dịka usoro nhazi ahụ si dị, a ga-ejikwa ụkpụrụ abụọ mara:

1. Ekwesịrị ịhazi ụgbọ elu datum na usoro ahụ tupu usoro ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-ahazi nhazi oghere dị omimi mgbe agbanchara nke ọma na elu elu iji nweta akwụkwọ akụkọ ziri ezi dị ka ebe nrụtụ aka n’elu iji hụ na ịdị arọ mgbidi dị n’otu n’oge nhazi oghere miri emi.

2. A na-ekewapụ nhazi nke elu nke ọ bụla maka ihe siri ike na nke ọma, nke mbụ na-eme ka ọ dị mma ma dị mma, ọtụtụ ugboro iji jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ mee ka ọ dịkwuo mma na ịdị nro. Ekwesịrị ịhazi mmecha nke isi elu na njedebe.

Iji meziwanye nhazi ígwè na nhazi nhazi, usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, dị ka annealing, normalizing, wdg, kwesịrị ịhazi n’ozuzu tupu nhazi ígwè ọrụ.

Iji melite n’ibu Njirimara nke aro forgings na kpochapụ esịtidem nchegbu, okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro, dị ka quenching na tempering, ịka nká ọgwụgwọ, wdg, kwesịrị n’ozuzu a ga-eme ndokwa mgbe siri ike machining na tupu agwụcha.