Indlela yokuvelisa kunye nokunyangwa kobushushu be-shaft forgings

1. Indlela yokuvelisa kunye nokunyangwa kokushushu kwee-shaft forgings

(1) Izinto eziphathekayo

Kwimveliso yebhetshi eneqhekeza elinye, i-shaft forgings erhabaxa ihlala isebenzisa isitokhwe sebha eshushu.

Kwiishafu ezinyusiweyo ezinomahluko omkhulu wedayamitha, ukuze kugcinwe izixhobo kunye nokunciphisa inani labasebenzi bomatshini, iifogi zihlala zisetyenziswa. Iishafti ezinyathelweyo eziveliswe kwiibhetshi ezincinci zesiqwenga esinye zihlala zisenziwa simahla, kwaye i-die forging isetyenziswa kwimveliso yobuninzi.

(2) Unyango lobushushu

Kwintsimbi ye-45, emva kokucima kunye nokufudumeza (235HBS), ukucinywa kwe-high-frequency yasekhaya kunokwenza ukuba ubunzima bendawo bufikelele kwi-HRC62 ~ 65, kwaye emva kokunyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, kunokwehliswa kubunzima obufunekayo (umzekelo, i-CA6140 spindle icacisiwe. njenge HRC52).

I-9Mn2V, eyinsimbi yensimbi ye-manganese-vanadium alloy enomxholo wekhabhoni malunga ne-0.9%, inobunzima obungcono, amandla omatshini kunye nobunzima kunentsimbi ye-45. Emva konyango olufanelekileyo lobushushu, lufanelekile ukuchaneka kobukhulu kunye neemfuno zokuzinza kweespindles zesixhobo somatshini ochanekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, i-universal cylindrical grinder M1432A i-headstock kunye ne-spindle yevili lokugaya isebenzisa le nto.

I-38CrMoAl, le yintsimbi ephakathi kwekhabhoni ene-nitrided. Ngenxa yokuba ubushushu be-nitriding yi-540-550 ℃ ngaphantsi kobushushu bokucima ngokubanzi, ukuguquka kuncinci kwaye ukuqina kuphezulu (HRC> 65, ubunzima obuphakathi HRC> 28) kwaye bugqwesileyo Ke ngoko, i-headstock shaft kunye nevili lokusila i-high-precision semi-automatic cylindrical grinder MBG1432 yenziwe ngolu hlobo lwentsimbi.

Ukongeza, kwi-shaft forgings kunye nokuchaneka okuphakathi kunye nesantya esiphezulu, iintsimbi ze-alloy structural ezifana ne-40Cr zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Emva kokucima kunye nokutshisa kunye nokucima i-high-frequency quenching, olu hlobo lwentsimbi luneempawu eziphezulu ezibanzi zomatshini kwaye zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa. Ezinye iishafti nazo zisebenzisa intsimbi yokuthwala ibhola njengeGCr15 kunye nentsimbi yasentwasahlobo efana ne-66Mn. Emva kokucima kunye nokufudumeza kunye nokucima umphezulu, ezi ntsimbi zinokuxhathisa okuphezulu kakhulu kunye nokumelana nokudinwa. Xa iinxalenye ze-shaft zifuneka ukuba zisebenze phantsi kweemeko zesantya esiphezulu kunye nomthwalo onzima, iintsimbi zegolide ezine-carbon ephantsi ezifana ne-18CrMnTi kunye ne-20Mn2B zingakhethwa. Ezi ntsimbi zinobunzima obuphezulu bomphezulu, ukuqina kwempembelelo kunye namandla angundoqo emva kokungcwatywa kwe-carburizing kunye nokucima, kodwa i-deformation ebangelwa unyango lobushushu inkulu kune-38CrMoAl.

For spindles that require local high-frequency quenching, the quenching and tempering treatment should be arranged in the previous process (some steels are normalized). When the blank margin is large (such as forgings), the quenching and tempering should be placed after the rough turning. Before finishing turning, so that the internal stress caused by rough turning can be eliminated during quenching and tempering; when the blank margin is small (such as bar stock), quenching and tempering can be carried out before rough turning (equivalent to semi-finishing turning of forgings). High-frequency quenching treatment is generally placed after semi-finishing turning. Since the spindle only needs to be hardened locally, there are certain requirements for accuracy and no hardening part processing, such as threading, keyway milling and other processes, are arranged in local quenching and roughing. After grinding. For high-precision spindles, low-temperature aging treatment is required after local quenching and rough grinding, so that the metallographic structure and stress state of the spindle remain stable.

Ukubunjwa kweshaft

Okwesibini, ukhetho lokubeka i-datum

For solid shaft forgings, the fine datum surface is the center hole, which satisfies datum coincidence and datum uniformity. For hollow spindles like CA6140A, in addition to the center hole, there is an outer circle surface of the journal and the two are used alternately, serving as a datum for each other.

Eyesithathu, ulwahlulo lwamanqanaba okusebenza

Inkqubo nganye yomatshini kunye nenkqubo yonyango lobushushu kwinkqubo yokucoca i-spindle iya kuvelisa iimpazamo ze-machining kunye noxinzelelo ukuya kwii-degrees ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke izigaba ze-machining kufuneka zahlulwe. I-spindle machining yahlulwe ngokwesiseko kwezi zigaba zintathu zilandelayo.

(1) Inqanaba lomatshini orhabaxa

1) Ukusetyenzwa okungenanto. Ukulungiselela okungenanto, ukubumba kunye nokuqhelekileyo.

2) I-Rrough machining saw ukususa inxalenye engaphezulu, ukugaya ubuso bokuphela, ukugrumba umngxuma ophakathi kunye nesangqa sangaphandle semoto yenkunkuma, njl.

(2) Isigaba sokugqibela

I-1) Unyango lokushisa ngaphambi kokugqiba i-semi-finishing processing ngokubanzi isetyenziselwa i-45 yentsimbi ukufezekisa i-220-240HBS.

2) Semi-ukugqiba inkqubo yokuguqula i-taper surface (indawo yokubeka umngxuma we-taper) isiqingatha-ukugqiba ukujika ubuso besangqa sangaphandle kunye nokugrumba umngxuma onzulu, njl.

(3), inqanaba lokugqiba

I-1) Unyango lobushushu kunye nokucima i-frequency ephezulu yendawo ngaphambi kokugqiba.

2) Zonke iintlobo zokusila ngokurhabaxa kokumisa ikhowuni, ukusila ngokurhabaxa kwesangqa sangaphandle, ukugaya indlela engundoqo kunye ne-spline groove, kunye nokuthunga ngaphambi kokugqiba.

I-3) Ukugqiba kunye nokugaya isangqa sangaphandle kunye neendawo zangaphakathi kunye nezangaphandle ze-cone ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweyona ndawo ibalulekileyo ye-spindle.

Ukubunjwa kweshaft

Okwesine, ukulungelelaniswa kolandelelwano lokucubungula kunye nokuzimisela kwenkqubo

Ukufakwa kwe-shaft kunye neempawu zekhowuni ezingenanto kunye nezangaphakathi, xa uqwalasela ukulandelelana kokulungiswa kweendawo eziphambili ezifana neejenali ezixhasayo, iijenali eziqhelekileyo kunye neekhoni zangaphakathi, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokukhetha ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

①Ukwenziwa ngokurhabaxa komphezulu ongaphandle→ukomba imingxuma enzulu→ukugqiba umphandle→ukwenziwa rhabaxa komngxuma othepha→ukugqiba umngxuma othepha;

②Outer surface roughing→drilling deep hole→taper hole roughing→taper hole finishing→outer surface finishing;

③Urhabaxa lwangaphandle→ukugrumba umngxuma onzulu→ukurhabaxa umngxuma ongaphandle→ukugqiba umphezulu ongaphandle→ukugqiba umngxuma wetaper.

Kulandelelwano lokucutshungulwa kwe-CA6140 lathe spindle, inokuhlalutywa kwaye ithelekiswe ngolu hlobo:

Iskimu sokuqala: Ngexesha lokucutshungulwa komngxuma ocoliweyo, ukuchaneka kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu wesangqa sangaphandle buya konakaliswa ngenxa yokuba umphezulu we-excircle oye wagqitywa umatshini usetyenziswa njengomgangatho wesalathiso ocolekileyo, ngoko ke le nkqubo ayifanelekanga.

Isisombululo sesibini: Xa ugqiba umphezulu wangaphandle, iplagi ye-taper kufuneka ifakwe kwakhona, eya kutshabalalisa ukuchaneka komngxuma we-taper. Ukongeza, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kubakho iimpazamo zomatshini xa kucutshungulwa umngxuma we-taper (iimeko zokugaya umngxuma we-taper zibi kakhulu kuneemeko zokusila zangaphandle, kwaye impazamo yeplagi ye-taper ngokwayo iya kubangela umahluko phakathi kwendawo esetyhula yangaphandle kunye nengaphakathi. Umphezulu wekhowuni.

Isisombululo sesithathu: Ekugqityweni komngxuma we-taper, nangona umphezulu wesangqa sangaphandle esigqityiweyo kufuneka sisetyenziswe njengendawo yokugqiba ireferensi; kodwa ngenxa yokuba isibonelelo somatshini sokugqitywa kwendawo ye-taper sele sincinci, amandla okugaya amkhulu; ngelo xesha, i-taper Ukugqitywa komngxuma kwinqanaba lokugqibela le-shaft machining, kwaye kunempembelelo encinci ekuchanekeni kwendawo ejikelezayo yangaphandle. Ukongeza kulandelelwano lokucutshungulwa kwesi sikimu, indawo engaphandle yesetyhula kunye nomngxuma we-tapered ungasetyenziselwa ngokuhlukileyo, onokuthi uphucule ngokuthe ngcembe i-coaxiality. Chitha.

Ngolu thelekiso, kunokubonwa ukuba ulandelelwano lokucutshungulwa kwe-shaft forgings njenge-CA6140 spindle ingcono kunokhetho lwesithathu.

Ngokuhlalutya kunye nokuthelekisa izikimu, kunokubonwa ukuba ulandelelwano lokucwangcisa ngokulandelelana kwendawo nganye ye-shaft forging inxulumene kakhulu nokuguqulwa kwedatum yokubeka. Xa ii-datum ezirhabaxa kunye nezicolekileyo zenxalenye yokusetyenzwa zikhethiwe, ulandelelwano lokucubungula lunokumiselwa ngokurhabaxa. Ngenxa yokuba umphezulu wedatha yokubeka isoloko isetyenzwa kuqala ekuqaleni kwenqanaba ngalinye, oko kukuthi, inkqubo yokuqala kufuneka ilungise idatha yokubeka esetyenziselwa inkqubo elandelayo. Ngokomzekelo, kwinkqubo ye-CA6140 spindle, ubuso bokugqibela bugayiwe kwaye umngxuma ophakathi ubethelwa ekuqaleni. Oku kukulungiselela idata yokubeka isangqa sangaphandle sokujika okurhabaxa kunye nokuphela kokugqiba ukujika; isangqa sangaphandle sesiqingatha sokugqiba ukujika silungisa indawo yokumisa yomatshini onzulu womngxuma; isangqa sangaphandle semi-ukugqiba ujiko kwakhona ilungiselela datum yokubeka phambi nasemva taper umngxuma machining. Ngokwahlukileyo, imingxuma yangaphambili kunye ne-taper yangasemva ixhotyiswe ngomngxuma ophezulu emva kokufakwa kwe-taper, kwaye i-datum yokubeka ilungiselelwe ukugqiba kwe-semi-yalandelayo kunye nokugqiba kwesangqa sangaphandle; kunye nedatha yokubeka yokusila kokugqibela komngxuma we-taper yijenali esele iphantsi kwinkqubo yangaphambili. umphezulu.

Ukubunjwa kweshaft

5. Inkqubo kufuneka igqitywe ngokulandelelana kwenkqubo, kwaye imigaqo emibini kufuneka ibe yinkosi:

1. I-positioning plane yedatha kwinkqubo kufuneka ilungiswe phambi kwenkqubo. Umzekelo, ukusetyenzwa komngxuma onzulu kucwangciswa emva kokujika ngokurhabaxa kumphezulu ongaphandle ukuze kubekho ijenali echaneke ngakumbi njengendawo yesalathiso yokubeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubukhulu bodonga obufanayo ngexesha lokusetyenzwa komngxuma onzulu.

2. Ukucutshungulwa kwendawo nganye kufuneka kuhlulwe ngokukrakra kunye nokucokisekileyo, okokuqala ngqangi kwaye emva koko kulungile, amaxesha amaninzi ukuphucula ngokuthe ngcembe ukuchaneka kwayo kunye nokuqina. Ukugqitywa kwendawo ephambili kufuneka kulungiswe ekugqibeleni.

In order to improve the metal structure and processing performance, the heat treatment process, such as annealing, normalizing, etc., should generally be arranged before mechanical processing.

Ukuze kuphuculwe iipropathi zoomatshini be-shaft forgings kunye nokuphelisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, inkqubo yonyango lobushushu, njengokucinywa kunye nobushushu, unyango lokuguga, njl., Ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka lucwangciswe emva komatshini olukhuni nangaphambi kokugqiba.