Njira yopangira ndi kutentha kwa ma shaft forgings

1. Manufacturing method and heat treatment of shaft forgings

(1) Zinthu

In single-piece small batch production, the rough shaft forgings often use hot-rolled bar stock.

Kwa ma shafts opindika okhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mainchesi, kuti apulumutse zida ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito yopangira makina, ma forgings amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Ma shaft opindika opangidwa m’magulu ang’onoang’ono a chidutswa chimodzi nthawi zambiri amakhala aulere, ndipo kufa kwa ma kufa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zambiri.

(2) Chithandizo cha kutentha

Kwa zitsulo 45, mutatha kuzimitsa ndi kutentha (235HBS), kuzimitsa kwafupipafupi kwapafupi kungapangitse kuuma kwanuko kufika HRC62 ~ 65, ndiyeno pambuyo pa chithandizo choyenera, chikhoza kuchepetsedwa kukhala cholimba chofunika (mwachitsanzo, CA6140 spindle yatchulidwa. monga HRC52).

9Mn2V, chomwe ndi chitsulo cha manganese-vanadium alloy chida chokhala ndi mpweya pafupifupi 0.9%, chimakhala ndi kuuma bwino, mphamvu zamakina komanso kulimba kuposa zitsulo 45. Pambuyo pa chithandizo choyenera cha kutentha, ndi koyenera kulondola kwazithunzi ndi zofunikira zokhazikika zazitsulo zamakono zamakina apamwamba kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, universal cylindrical chopukusira M1432A mutu ndi mphero gudumu spindle ntchito mfundo imeneyi.

38CrMoAl, ichi ndi chitsulo chapakati cha carbon alloy nitrided. Chifukwa kutentha nitriding ndi 540-550 ℃ m’munsi kuposa ambiri quenching kutentha, mapindikidwe ang’onoang’ono ndi kuuma ndi mkulu (HRC> 65, pakati kuuma HRC> 28) ndi kwambiri Choncho, headstock kutsinde ndi akupera gudumu kutsinde. apamwamba-mwatsatanetsatane theka-odziwikiratu cylindrical chopukusira MBG1432 amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chamtunduwu.

Kuphatikiza apo, pazitsulo zopangira shaft zolondola kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri, zitsulo zamapangidwe a alloy monga 40Cr zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Pambuyo kuzimitsa ndi kutentha ndi mkulu-pafupipafupi quenching, mtundu wa zitsulo ali mkulu mabuku katundu mawotchi ndipo akhoza kukwaniritsa zofunika ntchito. Miyendo ina imagwiritsanso ntchito zitsulo zokhala ndi mpira monga GCr15 ndi zitsulo zamasika monga 66Mn. Pambuyo kuzimitsa ndi kutentha ndi kuzimitsa pamwamba, zitsulo izi zimakhala ndi kukana kwambiri kuvala komanso kukana kutopa. Zigawo za shaft zikafunika kugwira ntchito mothamanga kwambiri komanso zolemetsa kwambiri, zitsulo zokhala ndi golide wocheperako monga 18CrMnTi ndi 20Mn2B zitha kusankhidwa. Zitsulo izi zimakhala ndi kuuma kwambiri pamtunda, kulimba kwamphamvu komanso mphamvu yayikulu pambuyo pobisala ndikuzimitsa, koma Mapindikidwe obwera chifukwa cha kutentha ndiakulu kuposa a 38CrMoAl.

Pazitsulo zomwe zimafuna kuzimitsidwa kwafupipafupi, kuzimitsa ndi kutentha kuyenera kukonzedwa kale (zitsulo zina zimakhala zokhazikika). Pamene malire opanda kanthu ndi aakulu (monga forgings), kuzimitsa ndi kutentha ziyenera kuikidwa pambuyo pa kutembenuka koyipa. Musanatsirize kutembenuka, kotero kuti kupsyinjika kwamkati komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutembenuka kwaukali kumatha kuthetsedwa panthawi yozimitsa ndi kutentha; pamene malire opanda kanthu ndi ang’onoang’ono (monga katundu wa bar), kuzimitsa ndi kutentha kumatha kuchitika musanatembenuke movutikira (kofanana ndi kutembenuza pang’onopang’ono kwa forgings). Chithandizo chafupipafupi chozimitsa nthawi zambiri chimayikidwa pambuyo pa kutembenuka komaliza. Popeza spindle imangofunika kuumitsidwa kwanuko, pali zofunikira zina kuti zikhale zolondola komanso palibe kuuma kwa gawo, monga kupangira ulusi, keyway mphero ndi njira zina, zomwe zimakonzedwa pozimitsa ndi roughing. Pambuyo popera. Kwa ma spindles olondola kwambiri, chithandizo cha ukalamba wocheperako chimafunika pambuyo pozimitsa m’deralo ndikupera movutikira, kotero kuti mawonekedwe a metallographic ndi kupsinjika kwa spindle kumakhalabe kokhazikika.

Zopangira shaft

Chachiwiri, kusankha malo datum

Pazitsulo zolimba za shaft, malo abwino kwambiri ndi bowo lapakati, lomwe limakwaniritsa zochitika mwangozi komanso kufanana kwa datum. Pazitsulo zopanda kanthu ngati CA6140A, kuwonjezera pa dzenje lapakati, pali bwalo lakunja la magazini ndipo ziwirizi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana, zimagwira ntchito ngati datum wina ndi mnzake.

Katatu, kugawanika kwa magawo processing

Njira iliyonse yopangira machining ndi njira yochizira kutentha pamakina opangira spindle idzatulutsa zolakwika zamakina ndi kupsinjika mosiyanasiyana, kotero magawo a makinawo ayenera kugawidwa. Makina a spindle amagawidwa m’magawo atatu otsatirawa.

(1) Chigawo cha makina ovuta

1) Popanda kanthu. Kukonzekera kopanda kanthu, kukonza ndi kukhazikika.

2) Makina opangira macheka kuti achotse gawo lochulukirapo, mphero kumapeto, kubowola dzenje lapakati ndi bwalo lakunja lagalimoto yonyansa, ndi zina zambiri.

(2) Gawo lomaliza

1) Chithandizo cha kutentha musanayambe kukonza theka-malinga nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo 45 kukwaniritsa 220-240HBS.

2) Semi-malize kutembenuza njira taper pamwamba (kuyika taper dzenje) theka-kumaliza kutembenuza bwalo lakunja kumapeto kwa nkhope ndikubowola dzenje lakuya, etc.

(3), kumaliza siteji

1) Kutentha mankhwala ndi m’deralo mkulu pafupipafupi quenching asanamalize.

2) Mitundu yonse ya kugaya movutikira poyika chulucho, kupera movutikira kwa bwalo lakunja, mphero ya keyway ndi spline poyambira, ndi ulusi musanamalize.

3) Finishing and grinding the outer circle and inner and outer cone surfaces to ensure the accuracy of the most important surface of the spindle.

Zopangira shaft

Chachinayi, makonzedwe a ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ndi kutsimikiza kwa ndondomekoyi

Kwa ma forgings a shaft omwe ali ndi dzenje komanso mawonekedwe amkati a cone, poganizira kachitidwe kakulidwe ka malo akuluakulu monga magazini othandizira, magazini ambiri ndi ma cones amkati, pali zosankha zingapo motere.

①Kukonza movutikira pamwamba →kubowola mabowo akuya → kumaliza pamwamba → kubowola kwa dzenje → kumaliza dzenje;

②Outer surface roughing→drilling deep hole→taper hole roughing→taper hole finishing→outer surface finishing;

③Kukhota pamwamba → kubowola dzenje lakuya → kubowola kwa dzenje → kumalizitsa kwakunja → kubowola kwa bowo.

Pakuwongolera kozungulira kwa CA6140 lathe spindle, imatha kuwunikidwa ndikufaniziridwa motere:

Chiwembu choyamba: Pamakina ovuta a dzenje la tapered, kulondola ndi kuuma kwa bwalo lakunja kudzawonongeka chifukwa chozungulira chomwe chatsirizidwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo abwino, kotero chiwembuchi sichiyenera.

Yankho lachiwiri: Mukamaliza kunja, pulagi ya taper iyenera kuyikidwanso, yomwe idzawononge kulondola kwa dzenje la taper. Kuphatikiza apo, padzakhala zolakwa za makina pokonza dzenje la taper (zowonongeka za dzenje la taper ndizoipa kuposa momwe zimakhalira kunja, ndipo kulakwitsa kwa pulagi yokhayokha kudzachititsa kusiyana pakati pa kunja kozungulira ndi mkati. Shaft, kotero chiwembu ichi sayenera kutengera.

Yankho lachitatu: Pakumaliza kwa dzenje la taper, ngakhale pamwamba pa bwalo lakunja lomwe lamalizidwa liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo omaliza; koma chifukwa machining allowance ya kutha kwa taper pamwamba ndi yaing’ono, mphamvu akupera si lalikulu; panthawi imodzimodziyo, taper Kutha kwa dzenje kuli mu gawo lomaliza la machining a shaft, ndipo alibe zotsatira zochepa pa kulondola kwa malo ozungulira akunja. Kuphatikiza pa ndondomeko ya ndondomekoyi, mawonekedwe akunja ozungulira ndi dzenje la tapered angagwiritsidwe ntchito mosiyana, zomwe zingathe kusintha pang’onopang’ono coaxiality. Gwiritsani ntchito.

Kupyolera mu kuyerekeza uku, zitha kuwoneka kuti kutsatizana kwa ma shaft forgings monga CA6140 spindle kuli bwino kuposa njira yachitatu.

Kupyolera mu kusanthula ndi kuyerekeza kwa ziwembu, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti ndondomeko yotsatizana ya chigawo chilichonse cha shaft forging imagwirizana kwambiri ndi kutembenuka kwa datum. Pamene ma datums ovuta komanso abwino a gawo lokonzekera asankhidwa, ndondomeko yokonzekera ikhoza kutsimikiziridwa mozama. Chifukwa malo oyika datum nthawi zonse amakonzedwa koyambirira kwa gawo lililonse, ndiye kuti, njira yoyamba iyenera kukonzekera datum yoyikira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito potsatira. Mwachitsanzo, pozungulira CA6140 spindle, nkhope yomaliza imaphwanyidwa ndipo dzenje lapakati limakhomeredwa kuyambira pachiyambi. Uku ndikukonzekeretsa malo ozungulira kuzungulira kwakunja kokhotakhota ndi kutembenuka kwapakati; bwalo lakunja la kutembenuka komaliza kumakonzekeretsa malo opangira makina akuya; bwalo lakunja la kutembenuka kwa theka-omaliza limakonzekeretsanso malo opangira makina akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mabowo akutsogolo ndi akumbuyo amakhala ndi dzenje lapamwamba pambuyo pa plugging taper, ndipo datum yoyikirayi imakonzedwa kuti ikamalize theka-kumapeto ndikumaliza kwa bwalo lakunja; ndipo damu yoyika pomaliza pomaliza dzenje la taper ndi magazini yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kale. pamwamba.

Zopangira shaft

5. Njirayi iyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi ndondomeko ya ndondomeko, ndipo mfundo ziwiri ziyenera kuzidziwa bwino:

1. The positioning datum ndege mu ndondomeko ayenera kukonzedwa pamaso ndondomeko. Mwachitsanzo, kukonza dzenje lakuya kumakonzedwa pambuyo potembenuza movutirapo pamwamba kuti mukhale ndi magazini yolondola kwambiri ngati malo owonetserako kuti muwonetsetse makulidwe a khoma lofanana pakukonza dzenje lakuya.

2. Kukonzekera kwa pamwamba pamtundu uliwonse kuyenera kupatulidwa kuti zikhale zovuta komanso zabwino, poyamba zimakhala zovuta komanso zabwino, kangapo kuti pang’onopang’ono zikhale zolondola komanso zowonongeka. Kutsirizitsa kwapamwamba kwambiri kuyenera kukonzedwa kumapeto.

Kuti apititse patsogolo chitsulo ndi ntchito yokonza, njira yochizira kutentha, monga annealing, normalizing, etc., iyenera kukonzedwa musanagwiritse ntchito makina.

In order to improve the mechanical properties of shaft forgings and eliminate internal stress, the heat treatment process, such as quenching and tempering, aging treatment, etc., should generally be arranged after rough machining and before finishing.