Ny fomba fanamboarana sy ny hafanana fitsaboana ny shaft forgings

1. Fomba fanamboarana sy fitsaboana hafanana ny forgings shaft

(1) Fitaovana

Amin’ny famokarana batch kely tokana, ny forgings rough shaft dia matetika mampiasa stock bar mafana.

For stepped shafts with large diameter differences, in order to save materials and reduce the amount of labor for machining, forgings are often used. Stepped shafts produced in small batches of a single piece are generally free forging, and die forging is used in mass production.

(2) Fitsaboana hafanana

Ho an’ny vy 45, aorian’ny famonoana sy ny fandoroana (235HBS), ny famonoan-tena avo lenta eo an-toerana dia mety hahatonga ny hamafin’ny eo an-toerana hahatratra HRC62 ~ 65, ary avy eo aorian’ny fitsaboana tsara, dia azo ahena amin’ny hamafin’ny ilaina izany (ohatra, CA6140 spindle dia voafaritra. ho HRC52).

9Mn2V, which is a manganese-vanadium alloy tool steel with a carbon content of about 0.9%, has better hardenability, mechanical strength and hardness than 45 steel. After proper heat treatment, it is suitable for the dimensional accuracy and stability requirements of high-precision machine tool spindles. For example, the universal cylindrical grinder M1432A headstock and grinding wheel spindle use this material.

38CrMoAl, ity dia vy nitrided firaka karbôna antonony. Satria ny mari-pana nitriding dia 540-550 ℃ ambany noho ny ankapobeny quenching mari-pana, ny deformation dia kely kokoa ary ny hamafin’ny dia avo ihany koa (HRC> 65, afovoany hamafin’ny HRC> 28) ary tena tsara Noho izany, ny headstock shaft sy fitotoana kodia hazo ny vita amin’ny vy toy izany ny milina fanodinana semi-automatique cylindrical MBG1432.

Ho fanampin’izany, ho an’ny fametahana shaft miaraka amin’ny fahamendrehana antonony sy ny hafainganam-pandeha avo, ny vy ara-drafitra firaka toy ny 40Cr dia matetika ampiasaina. Taorian’ny famonoana sy ny fandoroana ary ny famonoana matetika, ity karazana vy ity dia manana fananana mekanika feno tanteraka ary afaka mahafeno ny fepetra takiana amin’ny fampiasana. Ny shafts sasany dia mampiasa vy mitondra baolina toy ny GCr15 sy vy lohataona toy ny 66Mn. Taorian’ny famonoana sy ny fandoroana ary ny famonoana ny ety ivelany, ireo vy ireo dia manana fanoherana mahery vaika sy fanoherana harerahana. Rehefa tsy maintsy miasa ao anatin’ny fepetra haingam-pandeha sy mavesatra ny kojakojan’ny shaft, dia azo safidiana ny vy misy volamena ambany karbaona toy ny 18CrMnTi sy 20Mn2B. Ireo vy ireo dia manana ny hamafin’ny ambonin’ny avo, fiantraikany mafy sy ny hery fototra taorian’ny carburizing sy ny famonoana, fa ny deformation vokatry ny hafanana fitsaboana dia lehibe kokoa noho ny an’ny 38CrMoAl.

For spindles that require local high-frequency quenching, the quenching and tempering treatment should be arranged in the previous process (some steels are normalized). When the blank margin is large (such as forgings), the quenching and tempering should be placed after the rough turning. Before finishing turning, so that the internal stress caused by rough turning can be eliminated during quenching and tempering; when the blank margin is small (such as bar stock), quenching and tempering can be carried out before rough turning (equivalent to semi-finishing turning of forgings). High-frequency quenching treatment is generally placed after semi-finishing turning. Since the spindle only needs to be hardened locally, there are certain requirements for accuracy and no hardening part processing, such as threading, keyway milling and other processes, are arranged in local quenching and roughing. After grinding. For high-precision spindles, low-temperature aging treatment is required after local quenching and rough grinding, so that the metallographic structure and stress state of the spindle remain stable.

Shaft forgings

Faharoa, ny safidy ny positioning datum

Ho an’ny forgings shaft solid, ny velaran’ny datum tsara dia ny lavaka afovoany, izay mahafa-po ny fifanandrifian’ny datum sy ny fitovian’ny datum. Ho an’ny spindles poakaty toa ny CA6140A, ankoatry ny lavaka afovoany, dia misy faribolana ivelany amin’ny gazety ary ampiasaina mifandimby izy roa, manompo ho toy ny daty ho an’ny tsirairay.

Three, the division of processing stages

Isaky ny machining dingana sy ny hafanana fitsaboana dingana ao amin’ny spindle machining dingana dia hamokatra machining fahadisoana sy ny adin-tsaina amin’ny ambaratonga samihafa, ka ny machining dingana dia tsy maintsy zaraina. Ny fametahana spindle dia mizara ho dingana telo manaraka.

(1) Rough machining stage

1) Blank processing. Blank preparation, forging and normalizing.

2) Rough machining saw to remove the excess part, milling the end face, drilling the center hole and the outer circle of the waste car, etc.

(2) Semi-finishing stage

1) Ny fitsaboana hafanana alohan’ny fanodinana semi-finishing dia matetika ampiasaina amin’ny vy 45 mba hahatratrarana 220-240HBS.

2) Semi-finishing dingana fihodinana taper surface (positioning taper lavaka) semi-finishing mitodika ivelany faribolana faran’ny tarehy sy lalina lavaka fandavahana, sns.

(3), dingana famaranana

1) Ny fitsaboana hafanana sy ny famonoana matetika matetika eo an-toerana alohan’ny hamaranana.

2) Ny karazana fikosoham-bary amin’ny toerana misy ny cone, ny fikosoham-bary amin’ny faribolana ivelany, ny fikosoham-bary sy ny spline groove, ary ny fametahana alohan’ny famaranana.

3) Famaranana sy fikosoham-bary ny faribolana ivelany sy ny anatiny sy ivelany cone surfaces mba hiantohana ny fahamarinan’ny tena manan-danja ambonin’ny spindle.

Shaft forgings

Fahefatra, ny fandaminana ny fizotry ny fanodinana sy ny famaritana ny dingana

Ho an’ny fametahana shaft miaraka amin’ny toetran’ny gorodona sy anatiny, rehefa mandinika ny filaharan’ny fanodinana ny faritra lehibe toy ny gazety fanohanana, gazety ankapobeny ary cones anatiny, dia misy safidy maromaro toy izao manaraka izao.

①Rough machining of outer surface→drilling deep holes→finishing of outer surface→roughing of taper hole→finishing of taper hole;

②Outer surface roughing → fandavahana lavaka lalina → taper lavaka roughing → taper lavaka famaranana → ivelany ambonin’ny famaranana;

③Ny fanendahana ivelany ivelany → fandavahana lavaka lalina → fametahana ny lavaka taper → famenoana ety ivelany → famaranana ny lavaka landihazo.

Ho an’ny filaharan’ny fanodinana ny spindle lathe CA6140 dia azo anaovana fanadihadiana sy ampitahaina toy izao:

The first scheme: During the rough machining of the tapered hole, the precision and roughness of the outer circle surface will be damaged because the excircle surface that has been finish machined is used as the fine reference surface, so this scheme is not suitable.

The second solution: When finishing the outer surface, the taper plug should be inserted again, which will destroy the accuracy of the taper hole. In addition, there will inevitably be machining errors when processing the taper hole (the grinding conditions of the taper hole are worse than the external grinding conditions, and the error of the taper plug itself will cause the difference between the outer circular surface and the inner cone surface. Shaft, so this scheme should not be adopted.

Ny vahaolana fahatelo: Amin’ny famitana ny lavaka landihazo, na dia tsy maintsy ampiasaina ho lafin’ny fanondroana famaranana aza ny tampon’ny faribolana ivelany efa vita; fa satria ny taham-pahavitrihana amin’ny famenoana ny taper surface dia efa kely dia tsy lehibe ny herin’ny fitotoana; miaraka amin’izay koa, ny taper Ny famaranana ny lavaka dia eo amin’ny dingana farany amin’ny fametahana shaft, ary tsy dia misy fiantraikany firy amin’ny fahamarinan’ny boribory ivelany ivelany. Ho fanampin’ny filaharan’ny fanodinana an’io tetika io, dia azo ampiasaina mifandimby ny faritra boribory ivelany sy ny lavaka tapered, izay afaka manatsara tsikelikely ny coaxiality. Mandany.

Through this comparison, it can be seen that the processing sequence of shaft forgings such as the CA6140 spindle is better than the third option.

Amin’ny alalan’ny famakafakana sy ny fampitahana ireo tetika, dia hita fa ny filaharan’ny filaharana amin’ny lafiny tsirairay amin’ny fametahana shaft dia tena misy ifandraisany amin’ny fiovam-po ny datum toerana. Rehefa voafantina ny datums henjana sy tsara ho an’ny fanodinana ampahany, dia azo faritana amin’ny ankapobeny ny filaharan’ny fanodinana. Satria ny surface datum positioning dia voahodina hatrany amin’ny fiandohan’ny dingana tsirairay, izany hoe ny dingana voalohany dia tsy maintsy manomana ny datin’ny toerana ampiasaina amin’ny dingana manaraka. Ohatra, ao anatin’ny dingan’ny spindle CA6140, ny endriny farany dia voatoto ary ny lavaka afovoany dia voadona hatrany am-piandohana. Izany dia hanomanana ny datin’ny toerana ho an’ny faribolana ivelany amin’ny fihodinana manjavozavo sy ny fihodinana semi-finishing; ny faribolana ivelany amin’ny fihodinana semi-finishing dia manomana ny datin’ny toerana ho an’ny machining lavaka lalina; Ny faribolana ivelany amin’ny fihodinana semi-finishing dia manomana ny datum toerana ho an’ny machining lavaka taper aloha sy aoriana. Mifanohitra amin’izany, ny lavaka taper eo anoloana sy aoriana dia misy lavaka ambony aorian’ny fametahana taper, ary ny daty fametrahana dia voaomana ho an’ny semi-finishing sy famaranana ny faribolana ivelany; ary ny datin’ny fitotoana farany ny lavaka taper dia ny diary izay nototoina tamin’ny dingana teo aloha. surface.

Shaft forgings

5. Ny dingana dia tokony ho tapa-kevitra araka ny filaharan’ny fanodinana, ary fitsipika roa tokony hofehezina:

1. Tokony halamina alohan’ny dingana ny fiaramanidina datum toerana amin’ny dingana. Ohatra, ny fanodinana lavaka lalina dia alamina aorian’ny fihodinana mafy amin’ny ety ivelany mba hananana diary marina kokoa ho toy ny toerana fanondroana toerana mba hiantohana ny hatevin’ny rindrina mitovy mandritra ny fanodinana lavaka lalina.

2. Ny fanodinana ny faritra tsirairay dia tokony ho sarahina ho an’ny marokoroko sy ny tsara, voalohany henjana ary avy eo tsara, imbetsaka mba hanatsarana tsikelikely ny fahamarinany sy ny roughness. Tokony halamina amin’ny farany ny famenoana ny ety ambonin’ny tany.

Mba hanatsarana ny rafitra metaly sy ny fahombiazan’ny fanodinana, ny fizotran’ny fitsaboana hafanana, toy ny annealing, ny normalizing, sns., dia tokony halamina amin’ny ankapobeny alohan’ny fanodinana mekanika.

Mba hanatsarana ny toetra mekanika amin’ny fametahana shaft sy hanafoanana ny adin-tsaina anatiny, ny fizotran’ny fitsaboana hafanana, toy ny famonoana sy ny fandotoana, ny fitsaboana amin’ny fahanterana, sns., dia tokony halamina amin’ny ankapobeny aorian’ny fametahana henjana sy alohan’ny famaranana.