Indlela yokukhiqiza kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa kwama-shaft forgings

1. Indlela yokukhiqiza kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-shaft forgings

(1) Indaba

Ekukhiqizweni kweqoqo elincane lesiqephu esisodwa, ama-shaft forging avamile asebenzisa isitokwe sebha esigoqelwe ngokushisayo.

Kumashafu anyathelayo anomehluko omkhulu wobubanzi, ukuze kongiwe izinto zokwakha futhi kuncishiswe inani lomsebenzi wokwenza imishini, ama-forging avame ukusetshenziswa. Amashafti anyathele akhiqizwe ngamaqoqo amancane esiqephu esisodwa ngokuvamile awakhiwa mahhala, futhi i-die forging isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi.

(2) Ukwelashwa kokushisa

Okwensimbi engu-45, ngemva kokucisha nokushisa (235HBS), ukucisha imvamisa ephezulu yendawo kungenza ubulukhuni bendawo bufinyelele ku-HRC62 ~ 65, bese ngemva kokwelashwa okufanele, kungancishiswa kube ubulukhuni obudingekayo (ngokwesibonelo, ukuphotha kwe-CA6140 kucacisiwe. njenge HRC52).

I-9Mn2V, okuyinsimbi yensimbi ye-manganese-vanadium alloy enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungaba ngu-0.9%, inokuqina okungcono, amandla emishini nobulukhuni kunensimbi engu-45. Ngemuva kokwelashwa okufanele kokushisa, kulungele ukunemba kobukhulu kanye nezidingo zokuzinza zama-spindle amathuluzi omshini wokunemba okuphezulu. Isibonelo, i-universal cylindrical grinder M1432A headstock kanye nesondo lokuphotha isondo zisebenzisa le nto.

I-38CrMoAl, lena insimbi ye-nitrided ene-carbon alloy nitrided. Ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokushisa le-nitriding liyi-540-550 ℃ ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lokucisha, ukubola kuncane futhi ukuqina nakho kuphezulu (HRC> 65, ubulukhuni obuphakathi HRC>28) futhi kuhle kakhulu Ngakho-ke, i-headstock shaft kanye ne-grinding wheel shaft high-precision semi-automatic cylindrical grinder MBG1432 zenziwe ngalolu hlobo lwensimbi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuma-shaft forgings ngokunemba okuphakathi nesivinini esikhulu, izinsimbi ze-alloy structural ezifana ne-40Cr zisetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngemva kokucisha kanye nokushisa kanye nokucisha imvamisa ephezulu, lolu hlobo lwensimbi lunezakhiwo eziphelele zemishini futhi lungahlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa. Amanye ama-shaft aphinde asebenzise insimbi enebhola njenge-GCr15 nensimbi yasentwasahlobo efana ne-66Mn. Ngemuva kokucisha nokushisa kanye nokucisha phezulu, lezi zinsimbi zinokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu kakhulu nokumelana nokukhathala. Uma izingxenye ze-shaft zidingeka ukuthi zisebenze ngaphansi kwezimo zesivinini esikhulu nezinomthwalo osindayo, izinsimbi ezinekhabhoni ephansi ezinegolide ezifana ne-18CrMnTi kanye ne-20Mn2B zingakhethwa. Lezi zinsimbi zinokuqina okuphezulu kwendawo, ukuqina komthelela namandla ayisisekelo ngemuva kokungcwatshwa kwe-carburizing kanye nokucisha, kodwa Ukonakala okubangelwa ukwelashwa kokushisa kukhulu kunalokho kwe-38CrMoAl.

Kuma-spindle adinga ukucishwa kwe-high-frequency yasendaweni, ukwelashwa kokucisha kanye nokushisa kufanele kuhlelwe ngenqubo yangaphambilini (ezinye izinsimbi zijwayelekile). Uma imajini engenalutho inkulu (njengama-forging), ukucisha kanye nokushisa kufanele kubekwe ngemva kokuphenduka okunamandla. Ngaphambi kokuqeda ukuphenduka, ukuze ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okubangelwa ukuguqulwa okunamandla kungaqedwa ngesikhathi sokucisha nokushisa; lapho imajini engenalutho incane (njengesitokwe sebha), ukucisha kanye nokushisa kungenziwa ngaphambi kokuphenduka okungalungile (okulingana nokuphenduka okuncane kokuqeda kokufogetha). Ukwelashwa kokucisha imvamisa ephezulu kuvame ukubekwa ngemuva kokuphenduka okuncane kokuqeda. Njengoba i-spindle idinga ukuqina kuphela endaweni, kunezidingo ezithile zokunemba futhi akukho ukucubungula kwengxenye eqinile, njengokuhlanganisa, ukugaya ukhiye nezinye izinqubo, zihlelwa ekucimeni kwendawo kanye nokumahhadlazwa. Ngemva kokugaya. Ukuze uthole ama-spindle anembe kakhulu, ukwelashwa kokuguga okunezinga lokushisa eliphansi kuyadingeka ngemva kokucisha kwendawo kanye nokugaya okumahhadlahhadla, ukuze ukwakheka kwe-metallographic nesimo sokucindezeleka se-spindle sihlale sizinzile.

Ama-shaft forgings

Okwesibili, ukukhetha kwedatha yokubeka

Ukuze uthole ama-shaft forgings aqinile, indawo engaphezulu ye-datum iyimbobo ephakathi nendawo, eyenelisa ukuqondana kwe-datum nokufana kwedatum. Kumaspindle angenalutho afana ne-CA6140A, ngaphezu kwembobo emaphakathi, kukhona indawo eyindilinga engaphandle yejenali futhi lezi zombili zisetshenziswa ngokushintshana, zisebenza njengedamu komunye nomunye.

Okwesithathu, ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba zokucubungula

Inqubo ngayinye yokwenza imishini kanye nenqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa enqubweni yemishini yokuphotha izokhiqiza amaphutha omshini kanye nokucindezeleka ngamazinga ahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke izigaba zomshini kufanele zihlukaniswe. Imishini yokuphotha ihlukaniswe ngokuyisisekelo izigaba ezintathu ezilandelayo.

(1) Isiteji sokusebenza kanzima

1) Ukucubungula okungenalutho. Ukulungiselela okungenalutho, ukubumba nokujwayelekile.

I-2) I-machining machining saw ukususa ingxenye engaphezulu, ukugaya ubuso bokuphela, ukubhoboza umgodi ophakathi nendawo kanye nendilinga yangaphandle yemoto yemfucuza, njll.

(2) Isigaba sokuqeda kancane

I-1) Ukwelashwa kokushisa ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa kwe-semi-finishing ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa insimbi engu-45 ukuze kuzuzwe i-220-240HBS.

2) I-Semi-finishing turning process surface taper surface (imbobo yokubeka i-taper) ukuphela kokuqeda ukuguqula ubuso bokuphela kwendilinga yangaphandle kanye nokubhoboza imbobo ejulile, njll.

(3), isigaba sokuqeda

I-1) Ukwelashwa kokushisa kanye nokucisha imvamisa ephezulu yendawo ngaphambi kokuqeda.

2) Zonke izinhlobo zokugaya okumahhadlahhadla kokubeka ikhoni, ukugaywa kwendilinga yangaphandle, ukugaywa kokhiye ongukhiye kanye ne-spline groove, nokuhlanganisa ngaphambi kokuqeda.

I-3) Ukuqeda nokugaya umbuthano wangaphandle kanye nezindawo zekhoni zangaphakathi nezingaphandle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwendawo ebaluleke kakhulu ye-spindle.

Ama-shaft forgings

Okwesine, ukuhlelwa kokulandelana kokucubungula kanye nokunqunywa kwenqubo

Kuma-shaft forgings anezici zekhoni ezingenalutho nezingaphakathi, lapho ucubungula ukulandelana kokucubungula kwezindawo eziyinhloko njengamajenali asekelayo, amajenali avamile nama-cone angaphakathi, kunezinketho ezimbalwa kanjena.

①Ukuklama okuqinile kwendawo engaphandle→ukugaya imigodi ejulile→ukuqedwa kwendawo engaphandle→ukubiyela kwembobo ecijile→ukuqedwa kwembobo ye-taper;

②Ukugwedla kwangaphandle→imbobo yokubhoboza ejulile→imbobo ecishayo ecishayo →ukuqedwa kwembobo ecibilikile→ukuphela kwendawo yangaphandle;

③Ukugwedla kwangaphandle→imbobo yokubhoboza ejulile→imbobo ecibilikileyo ukwenza amaholoholo→ukuqedwa kwendawo yangaphandle→ukuqedela imbobo yethaphu.

Ngokulandelana kokucubungula kwe-CA6140 lathe spindle, ingahlaziywa futhi iqhathaniswe kanje:

Isikimu sokuqala: Ngesikhathi somshini onzima wembobo ecijile, ukunemba kanye nokuqina kwendawo eyindilinga yangaphandle kuzolimala ngoba i-excircle eseyenziwe ngomshini isetshenziswa njengendawo eyinkomba enhle, ngakho lolu hlelo alufaneleki.

Isixazululo sesibili: Uma uqeda indawo yangaphandle, ipulaki ye-taper kufanele ifakwe futhi, ezobhubhisa ukunemba kwembobo ye-taper. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakanjani kuzoba namaphutha omshini lapho kucutshungulwa imbobo ye-taper (izimo zokugaya zembobo ye-taper zimbi kakhulu kunezimo zokugaya zangaphandle, futhi iphutha le-taper plug ngokwalo lizodala umehluko phakathi kwendawo eyindilinga yangaphandle nengaphakathi. I-cone surface.Shaft, ngakho lolu hlelo akufanele lwamukelwe.

Isixazululo sesithathu: Ekuqedeni imbobo ye-taper, nakuba ingaphezulu lendilinga elingaphandle eliqediwe kufanele lisetshenziswe njengendawo yokuphothula; kodwa ngenxa yokuthi isabelo somshini wokuqedwa kwe-taper surface isivele incane, amandla okugaya awakhulu; ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-taper Ukuqedwa komgodi kusesigabeni sokugcina somshini we-shaft, futhi kunomphumela omncane ekunembeni kwendawo eyindilinga yangaphandle. Ngaphandle kokulandelana kokucubungula kwalolu hlelo, indawo engaphandle eyindilinga kanye nembobo ye-tapered ingasetshenziswa ngokuhlukile, okungathuthukisa kancane kancane i-coaxiality. Sebenzisa.

Ngalesi siqhathaniso, kungabonakala ukuthi ukulandelana kokucubungula kwe-shaft forgings njenge-CA6140 spindle kungcono kunenketho yesithathu.

Ngokuhlaziywa nokuqhathaniswa kwezinhlelo, kungabonakala ukuthi ukucutshungulwa okulandelanayo kwendawo ngayinye ye-shaft forging kuhlobene kakhulu nokuguqulwa kwedatha yokubeka. Lapho kukhethwa ama-datum amaholoholo namancane okucutshungulwa kwengxenye, ukulandelana kokucubungula kunganqunywa cishe. Ngoba indawo yedatha yokuma ihlale icutshungulwa kuqala ekuqaleni kwesigaba ngasinye, okungukuthi, inqubo yokuqala kufanele ilungise idatha yokubeka esetshenziselwa inqubo elandelayo. Isibonelo, enqubweni yokuphotha kwe-CA6140, ubuso bokuphela buyagaywa futhi imbobo ephakathi ishaywa kusukela ekuqaleni. Lokhu okokulungiselela i-datum yokuma yendingiliza yangaphandle yokuphenduka okumahhadlahhadla kanye nokuphenduka okuncane kokuqeda; indingilizi yangaphandle yokuphenduka kwengxenye yokuqeda ilungiselela i-datum yokuma yomshini womgodi ojulile; indilinga yangaphandle yokuphenduka kwengxenye yokuqeda ibuye ilungise i-datum yokubeka imbobo ye-taper machining yangaphambili nangemuva. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimbobo ze-taper zangaphambili nangemuva zifakwe imbobo ephezulu ngemuva kokuxhuma i-taper, futhi i-datum yokumisa ilungiselelwa ukuqedwa okulandelayo nokuqedwa kombuthano wangaphandle; kanye nedatha yokuma yokugaya okokugcina kwembobo ye-taper yijenali eye yagxilwa kunqubo yangaphambilini. phezulu.

Ama-shaft forgings

5. Inqubo kufanele inqunywe ngokuvumelana nokulandelana kokucubungula, futhi izimiso ezimbili kufanele zenziwe kahle:

1. Indiza yokubeka i-datum ohlelweni kufanele ihlelwe ngaphambi kwenqubo. Isibonelo, ukucutshungulwa kwembobo ejulile kuhlelwa ngemva kokujika kanzima endaweni engaphandle ukuze kube nejenali enembe kakhudlwana njengendawo yereferensi yokuma ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukujiya kodonga olufanayo ngesikhathi sokucubungula imbobo ejulile.

2. Ukucutshungulwa kwendawo ngayinye kufanele kuhlukaniswe ukuze kube lukhuni futhi kube kuhle, kuqala kube nzima bese kuba kuhle, izikhathi eziningi ukuze kancane kancane kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kanye nokuqina. Ukuqedwa kwendawo eyinhloko kufanele kuhlelwe ekugcineni.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka kwensimbi nokusebenza kokucubungula, inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa, njenge-annealing, normalizing, njll., ngokuvamile kufanele ihlelwe ngaphambi kokucubungula ngomshini.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zemishini ye-shaft forgings futhi kuqedwe ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa, njengokucisha nokushisa, ukwelashwa kokuguga, njll., ngokuvamile kufanele ihlelwe ngemva komshini onzima futhi ngaphambi kokuqeda.