Kugadzira nzira uye kupisa kurapwa kweshaft forgings

1. Nzira yekugadzira uye kurapwa kwekupisa kwe shaft forgings

(1) Mashoko

Mukugadzira-chidimbu chidiki diki kugadzirwa, iyo rough shaft forgings inowanzo shandisa inopisa-yakatenderedzwa bar stock.

Kune akatsikwa shafts ane yakakura dhayamita misiyano, kuitira kuchengetedza zvinhu uye kuderedza huwandu hwebasa rekugadzira machining, forgings inowanzoshandiswa. Mashizha akatsikwa anogadzirwa ari madiki madiki echimedu chimwe anowanzo mahara forging, uye kufa forging kunoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwakawanda.

(2) Kurapa kwekupisa

Kune makumi mana neshanu simbi, mushure mekudzima uye kupisa (45HBS), yemuno yakakwira-frequency quenching inogona kuita kuti kuomarara kwenzvimbo kusvike HRC235 ~ 62, uye mushure mekurapa kwakakodzera kwekupisa, inogona kudzikiswa kusvika pakuoma kunodiwa (semuenzaniso, CA65 spindle inotsanangurwa. se HRC6140).

9Mn2V, inova manganese-vanadium alloy tool simbi ine kabhoni inosvika 0.9%, ine kuomarara kuri nani, kusimba kwemagetsi uye kuoma kupfuura simbi makumi mana neshanu. Mushure mekurapa kwakakodzera kupisa, inokodzera iyo dimensional kurongeka uye kugadzikana zvinodiwa zvepamusoro-chaiyo muchina chishandiso spindles. Semuyenzaniso, universal cylindrical grinder M45A musoro uye kukuya vhiri spindle kushandisa chinhu ichi.

38CrMoAl, iyi isimbi yepakati-kabhoni alloy nitrided simbi. Nekuti tembiricha ye nitriding iri 540-550 ℃ yakaderera pane yakajairika yekudzima tembiricha, deformation idiki uye kuomarara kwakakwira (HRC> 65, kuomarara kwepakati HRC> 28) uye yakanakisa Naizvozvo, iyo headstock shaft uye kukuya vhiri shaft ye high-precision semi-automatic cylindrical grinder MBG1432 inogadzirwa nemhando iyi yesimbi.

Uye zvakare, kune shaft forgings ine yepakati chaiyo uye nekumhanya kwakanyanya, alloy zvimiro simbi senge 40Cr inonyanya kushandiswa. Mushure mekudzima uye kupisa uye kudzima kwepamusoro-soro, iyi mhando yesimbi ine yakakwira yakazara ma mechanical properties uye inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa. Mamwe mashaft anoshandisawo simbi inotakura bhora seGCr15 uye chitubu simbi se66Mn. Mushure mekudzima uye kudziya uye kudzima kwepamusoro, masimbi aya ane yakanyanya kukwirira kupfeka kusagadzikana uye kuneta kuramba. Kana shaft zvikamu zvichidikanwa kushanda pasi pekumhanya-mhanya uye kurema-kuremerwa mamiriro, yakaderera-kabhoni goridhe-ine masimbi akadai se18CrMnTi uye 20Mn2B anogona kusarudzwa. Masimbi aya ane kuoma kwepamusoro pepamusoro, kuoma kwesimba uye kusimba kwepakati mushure mekuviga uye kudzima, asi The deformation inokonzerwa nekupisa kupisa yakakura kupfuura iyo ye38CrMoAl.

Kune maspindle anoda emunharaunda high-frequency quenching, kudzima uye kudziya kurapwa kunofanirwa kurongeka mune yakapfuura maitiro (mamwe masimbi akajairwa). Kana iyo blank margin yakakura (senge forgings), kudzima uye kupisa kunofanirwa kuiswa mushure mekutendeuka kwakashata. Usati wapedza kutendeuka, kuitira kuti kushushikana kwemukati kunokonzerwa nekutendeuka kwakashata kunogona kubviswa panguva yekudzima uye kupisa; kana blank margin idiki (senge bar stock), kudzima uye kupisa kunogona kuitwa kusati kwaita kutenderera (yakaenzana nehafu-yekupedzisira kutendeuka kwefogi). High-frequency quenching treatment inogaroiswa mushure me semi-finishing turning. Sezvo spindle ichingoda kuomeswa munharaunda, pane zvimwe zvinodikanwa zvekunyatso uye hapana kuomesa chikamu chekugadzirisa, senge threading, keyway milling uye mamwe maitiro, anorongwa mukudzima kwenzvimbo uye roughing. Mushure mekugaya. Kune ma-spindles akanyanya-chaiyo, kurapwa kwekuchembera kwakadzika kunodiwa mushure mekudzima kwenzvimbo uye kukuya kwakakasharara, kuitira kuti chimiro che metallographic uye mamiriro ekushushikana kweiyo spindle irambe yakagadzikana.

Shaft forgings

Chechipiri, sarudzo yekumisikidza datum

Kune yakasimba shaft forgings, iyo yakanaka datum pamusoro igomba repakati, iro rinogutsa datum kusawirirana uye datum kufanana. Kune maburi maspindle senge CA6140A, kuwedzera kune gomba repakati, kune yekunze denderedzwa pamusoro pejenari uye maviri anoshandiswa achichinjana, achishanda sedamu kune mumwe nemumwe.

Chetatu, kupatsanurwa kwematanho ekugadzirisa

Each machining process and heat treatment process in the spindle machining process will produce machining errors and stresses to varying degrees, so the machining phases must be divided. Spindle machining is basically divided into the following three stages.

(1) Nhanho yekugadzira michina

1) Kugadziriswa kusina chinhu. Kugadzirira kusina chinhu, kugadzira uye normalizing.

2) Yakakashama machining yakaona kubvisa iyo yakawandisa chikamu, kugaya kumagumo kumeso, kudhirowa gomba repakati uye denderedzwa rekunze remota yemarara, nezvimwe.

(2) Semi-finishing stage

1) Kupisa kupisa kusati kwapera semi-kupedza kugadzirisa kunowanzo shandiswa 45 simbi kuti iwane 220-240HBS.

2) Semi-kupedzisa kutendeuka nzira taper pamusoro (kumisa taper gomba) semi-kupedzisa kushandura denderedzwa rekunze kumagumo kumeso uye kuchera gomba rakadzika, nezvimwe.

(3), kupedza nhanho

1) Kurapa kwekupisa uye yemunharaunda high frequency quenching isati yapedza.

2) Mhando dzese dzekukuya dzakakasharara dzekuisa koni, kukuya kwakakasharara kwedenderedzwa rekunze, kugaya keyway uye spline groove, uye shinda isati yapedza.

3) Kupedzisa uye kukuya denderedzwa rekunze uye mukati uye kunze kwekoni yepamusoro kuti ive nechokwadi chekururama kwepamusoro pepamusoro pepamusoro pepindle.

Shaft forgings

Chechina, kurongeka kwekutevedzana kwekugadzirisa uye kutsunga kwemaitiro

Kune shaft forgings ine hollow uye yemukati cone maitiro, kana uchifunga nezve kugadzirisa kutevedzana kwenzvimbo huru senge anotsigira majenari, general majenari uye emukati makoni, pane akati wandei sarudzo sezvinotevera.

①Kugadzira kwakakasharara kwekunze → kuchera makomba akadzika → kupera kwekunze → kukoromoka kwegomba → kupera kwegomba retepi;

②Kubvongodza kwekunze →kuchera gomba rakadzika →kukwesha gomba →kupeta gomba kupedzisa→kupedza pamusoro pekunze;

③Kukwenya kwekunze →kuchera gomba rakadzika → gomba repaburi kubvongodza →kupedza pamusoro pekunze →kupeta gomba kupera.

Nekutevedzana kwekugadzirisa kweCA6140 lathe spindle, inogona kuongororwa nekuenzaniswa seizvi:

Chirongwa chekutanga: Munguva yekukashama machining yegomba rakatemerwa, iko kurongeka uye kushata kwekunze kwedenderedzwa repamusoro kuchakuvadzwa nekuti iyo excircle iyo yakapedzwa yakagadzirwa inoshandiswa seyakanaka referensi nzvimbo, saka chirongwa ichi hachina kukodzera.

Yechipiri mhinduro: Kana wapedza nzvimbo yekunze, taper plug inofanira kuiswa zvakare, iyo ichaparadza kurongeka kwegomba re taper. Pamusoro pezvo, pachange paine zvikanganiso zvekugadzira pakugadzirisa gomba rematepi (mamiriro ekukuya egomba rekutapa akashata kupfuura ekunze kwekukuya, uye kukanganisa kweiyo taper plug pachayo kuchakonzera musiyano pakati pekunze denderedzwa kumusoro uye yemukati. koni kumusoro. Shaft, saka chirongwa ichi hachifanirwe kutorwa.

Mhinduro yechitatu: Mukupera kwegomba rematepi, kunyangwe pamusoro pedenderedzwa rekunze rakapedzwa rinofanira kushandiswa senzvimbo yekupedzisa referensi; asi nokuti machining allowance yekupedzisa kwetaper surface inenge yatove duku, simba rekukuya harina guru; panguva imwecheteyo, taper Kupedzwa kwegomba iri muchikamu chekupedzisira chekugadzira shaft, uye ine zvishoma zvishoma pakururama kwekunze kwedenderedzwa. Mukuwedzera kune kutevedzana kwekugadzirisa kwechirongwa ichi, nzvimbo yekunze yakatenderera uye gomba rakaputika rinogona kushandiswa zvakasiyana, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza zvishoma nezvishoma coaxiality. Shandisa.

Kuburikidza nekuenzanisa uku, zvinogona kuoneka kuti kutevedzana kwekugadzirisa shaft forgings senge CA6140 spindle iri nani pane yechitatu sarudzo.

Kuburikidza nekuongorora uye kuenzaniswa kwezvirongwa, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti sequential processing order yeimwe neimwe yepamusoro ye shaft forging inonyanya kuenderana nekushandurwa kwedatum yekumisikidza. Kana iyo yakaoma uye yakanaka datums yechikamu kugadzirisa inosarudzwa, kutevedzana kwekugadzirisa kunogona kuve kwakatemwa. Nekuti iyo yekumisikidza datum inogarogadziriswa kutanga pakutanga kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe, ndiko kuti, yekutanga maitiro anofanirwa kugadzirira iyo yekumisikidza datum inoshandiswa kune inotevera maitiro. Semuenzaniso, mukuita kweCA6140 spindle, iyo yekupedzisira chiso inogayiwa uye gomba repakati rinorohwa kubva pakutanga. Uku kugadzirira damu rekumisikidza redenderedzwa rekunze rekutenderera kwakashata uye semi-yekupedzisira kutendeuka; iyo yekunze denderedzwa yehafu-yekupedzisira kutendeuka inogadzirira iyo yekumisikidza datum yekudzika gomba machining; iyo yekunze denderedzwa yehafu-yekupedzisira kutendeuka zvakare inogadzirira iyo yekumisikidza datum yekumberi uye kumashure taper hole machining. Sezvineiwo, kumberi nekumashure maburi ematepi akashongedzerwa negomba repamusoro mushure mekutapira taper, uye iyo yekumisikidza datum inogadzirirwa inotevera semi-kupedzisa uye kupedzisa kwedenderedzwa rekunze; uye nzvimbo yekugadzika dhizaini yekupedzisira kwegomba rematepi ijenari yakagadzikwa mukuita kwapfuura. pamusoro.

Shaft forgings

5. Iyo nzira inofanirwa kutariswa zvinoenderana nekutevedzana kwekugadzirisa, uye misimboti miviri inofanirwa kuve nyanzvi:

1. Iyo yekumisikidza datum ndege mukuita inofanira kurongeka pamberi pekuita. Semuyenzaniso, yakadzika gomba kugadzirisa kunorongwa mushure mekutenderedza kwakakasharara pamusoro pekunze kuitira kuti ive nejenari rakanyatsojeka senzvimbo yereferensi yekutarisa kuti ive yunifomu yemadziro ukobvu panguva yakadzika gomba kugadzirisa.

2. Kugadziriswa kwechiso chega chega kunofanira kuparadzaniswa kune hutsinye uye hwakanaka, kutanga kwakashata uye zvadaro zvakanaka, kakawanda kuti zvishoma nezvishoma uvandudze kururama kwayo uye hutsinye. Kupedzisa kwepamusoro pepamusoro kunofanira kurongeka pamagumo.

Kuti uvandudze chimiro chesimbi uye mashandiro ekugadzirisa, maitiro ekupisa kupisa, senge annealing, normalizing, nezvimwe, anofanirwa kuwanzo rongwa pamberi pemechani kugadzirisa.

Kuti uvandudze michina ye shaft forgings uye kubvisa kushushikana kwemukati, maitiro ekupisa kupisa, sekudzima uye kupisa, kurapwa kuchembera, nezvimwe, zvinofanirwa kurongeka mushure mekuita kwakashata uye kusati kwapera.