Ixesha eliPhakathi eliDala iZiko eliSebenza ngokuSebenza ngeSimbi

1. Ukulungiselela ngaphambi kwemveliso.

1. Xa uthatha indawo, jonga kuqala. Qonda ukusetyenziswa kwesithando somlilo, nokuba izixhobo zokuvelisa zigqibile, nokuba ngaba iphaneli yomlilo iyavezwa na.

2. Kwiziseko ezimbini zomlilo njengeqela, lungisa i-ferrosilicon, imanganese ephakathi, i-synthetic slag, kunye ne-arhente yokugcina ubushushu endaweni, kwaye uzibeke embindini weziko.

3. Kufuneka kulungiswe iintsimbi ezilahliweyo kwaye neziko akufuneki livulwe ukuba kukho ukunqongophala kwezixhobo.

4. Izinto zokwambathisa irabha kwisitovu kufuneka zibekwe, kwaye kungabikho zithuba.

2. Imveliso eqhelekileyo

1. Umaleko omtsha weziko uya kubhakwa ngokungqinelana neemfuno zenkqubo yokubhaka iziko elitsha, kwaye ixesha lokubhaka kufuneka libe ngaphezulu kweeyure ezi-2.

2. Kuqala yongeza ikomityi encinci yokutsala eziko ukukhusela ulungelelwaniso lomlilo. Akuvumelekile ukongeza ngokuthe ngqo izinto ezinobuninzi kwiziko elingenanto, emva koko umsebenzi waseziko langaphambili kufuneka ongeze izinto ezincinci ezisasazeke eziko ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukuzilahla. Ngaphantsi kwesitovu, amashiti esinyithi esinyithi kunye neepunch zivunyelwe ukuba zisetyenziswe ehovini, kwaye azivumelekanga ukuba zisetyenziswe kulo lonke ixesha.

3. Isikhonkwane sediski siphakamisa izinto ezo kwisitovu ukusuka kwivenkile yesitokhwe, kwaye umphathi-ntloko uhlela isinyithi esilahliweyo. Izinto ezihleliweyo ezinokutsha kunye neziqhushumbisi zibekwe ngqo kwibhokisi yokufumana ekhethekileyo kwaye zibhalisiwe kwaye zaqinisekiswa kukhuseleko lwesitovu.

4. Ibhokisi yebhokisi engenayo enokutsha enokuqhuma ibekwe phakathi kweeseti zombini zeziseko zomlilo, kwaye akukho namnye unokuzishukumisa ngokuthanda.

5. Ukondla phambi kwesithando somlilo ubukhulu becala kukutyiswa ngesandla. Emva kokuba izinto ezilahliweyo zesitovu zilungiswe ngononophelo, ubude bezinto ezingaphantsi kwe-400mm, kwaye umbandela okhethwe ngononophelo ngumphathi weziko unokongezwa ngekomityi yokufunxa. Umlawuli wokuqhuba uyinto encinci yesihlalo ngasinye somlilo. Umphathi weziko, ukuba abanye abantu bayalela ikomityi yokutsala ukuqhuba, umqhubi wesithuthi akavumelekanga ukuba atyise.

6. Ubungakanani bokutya ikomityi yokufunxa kufuneka kulawulwe. Emva kokudibanisa, isinyithi esilahliweyo asivumelekanga ukuba sigqithe ngaphezulu kobuso besithando somlilo esiphakathi kwesithando somlilo esiphakathi. Izinto ezilahliweyo ezijikeleze umlomo weziko kufuneka zicocwe ngeekomityi zokutsala. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokondla, indawo ejikeleze isithando somlilo esiphakathi kufuneka igcinwe icocekile ukunqanda ukuwa kwesinyithi esilahliweyo kubangela ukuba i-coil ye-induction okanye idibaniselwano lentambo ukuba likhuphe.

7. Akuvunyelwe ngokungqongqo ukufumba isixa esikhulu sentsimbi ezilahliweyo eqongeni, kwaye imali iyonke ilawulwa ngaphakathi kweekomityi ezi-3 zokutsala ukunciphisa ubunzima bokuhlelwa kwezinto ezilahliweyo.

8. Xa kuthe kwakho udubulo, umqhubi kufuneka abuyisele umva kwangoko kwiziko lomlilo kwaye ashiye indawo ngokukhawuleza.

9. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokondla kwangaphambili, ukwenzela izinto ezinde, iibhloko ezinkulu kufuneka zongezwe zime nkqo eziko ukuze zinyibilike kwidama elinyibilikisiweyo ngokukhawuleza. Akuvunyelwe ngokungqongqo ukujoyina iithayile ukwenza ibhlorho. Ukuba izinto zomlilo zifunyenwe zivalela ibhulorho, ibhulorho kufuneka itshatyalaliswe kungaphelanga nemizuzu emi-3, ukuze izinto zomlilo zikwazi ukunyibilika ngokukhawuleza echibini elityhidiweyo. Ukuba ibhulorho ayinakutshatyalaliswa ngemizuzu emi-3, ibhulorho kufuneka itshatyalaliswe kukumka kombane okanye ulondolozo lobushushu ngaphambi kokuba umbane unikezwe ngokunyibilika ngesiqhelo.

10. Kwesinye isinyithi esilahliweyo esityebileyo kwaye esidinga ngaphezulu kwabantu abayi-2 ukuba bangene eziko, akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukusiphosa ezikweni, kwaye kufuneka kugqithiswe ngaphezulu komphetho weziko, kwaye emva koko ngononophelo lityhalelwe eziko .

11. Xa kudityaniswa izinto ezilahliweyo ezikwisithando somlilo, umphezulu wombhobho kufuneka ubhekise kwicala lokuthinta intsimbi, hayi kwicala lokusebenza kwabantu.

12. Kwisinyithi esibandayo kunye nesiphelo esifutshane esiqhubekayo sokuphosa kwilokhwe ye-slag kunye ne-tundish, intsimbi etyhidiweyo kwiziko eliphakathi lesithando somlilo kufuneka ibekwe eziko emva kokuba ifike kwi-2/3 okanye nangaphezulu, kwaye ayivumelekanga ukubetha ungqameko lweziko.

13. Xa intsimbi etyhidiweyo kwiziko eliphakathi lesantya lifikelela ngaphezulu kwe-70%, thabatha iisampulu zovavanyo. Iisampulu aziyi kuba neziphene ezinjengemingxunya yokuncipha, kwaye akukho mivalo yentsimbi iya kufakwa kwiisampulu zeesampulu. Emva kokufunyanwa kweziphumo zeekhemikhali zeesampulu, abasebenzi abalungisa izinto baya kugqiba ngokuhambelana nemeko ebanzi yezi mpahla zimbini. Isixa se-alloy songezwa.

14. Ukuba uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali oluphambi kwesithando somlilo lubonisa ukuba ikhabhoni iphezulu, yongeza i-oxide nuggets ze-decarburization; ukuba ibonisa ukuba ikhabhoni iphantsi, yongeza iihagu zentsimbi yehagu ukuphinda uhlaziye; ukuba ukuhamba okuphakathi kweefanitshala ezimbini kungaphantsi okanye kulingana ne-0.055%, i-raking iphelile ngexesha lokucofa. I-slag, yonyusa inani le-slag eyenziweyo eyongeziweyo yokonakalisa. Ngeli xesha, ubushushu bokubetha kufuneka bonyuswe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba umndilili wokuhamba kwamalahle amabini ngu -0.055%, intsimbi etyhidiweyo kufuneka inyangwe kwisithando somlilo esahlukileyo, okt intsimbi etyhidiweyo enomxholo onesalfure ephezulu kufuneka ikhutshelwe kwiladi. Yibeke kwezinye iifanitshala, emva koko yongeza iincindi zentsimbi yesinyibilikisiiindawo ezimbini zokunyibilikisa, emva koko ucofe intsimbi. Kwimeko ye-phosphorus ephezulu, inokuqhubekiswa kuphela kumaziko ahlukeneyo.

15. Emva kokuba yonke into eyilahliweyo kwiziko lomlilo inyibilikisiwe, iqela eliphambi kweziko liya kwenza ukungcangcazela kokulahla inkunkuma. Emva kokulahla i-slag, akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukongeza okumanzi, okunamafutha, okupeyinti kunye neetyhubhu ezilahliweyo eziko. Izinto ezomileyo nezicocekileyo kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokunyibilikisa. Zilungiselele. Emva kokuba intsimbi etyhidiweyo eziko izele, coca i-slag ngaxeshanye. Emva kokucoca, kongeza ngokukhawuleza i-alloy ukulungelelanisa ukubunjwa. Isinyithi sinokucofa ngaphezulu kwemizuzu emi-3 emva kokuba i-alloy yongezwa. Injongo yokwenza i-alloy ibe nokubunjwa okufanayo kwiziko.

16. Ukuthinta ubushushu: Ukuphosa okungaphezulu okuqhubekayo ngo-1650-1690; isinyithi esityhidiweyo malunga ne-1450.

17. Linganisa iqondo lobushushu bentsimbi etyhidiweyo phambi kwesithando somlilo, kwaye ulawule ijika lokuhambisa amandla ngokobushushu bokubetha kunye nexesha lokucofa elifunekayo ngokuphosa ngokuqhubekayo. Akuvunyelwe ngokungqongqo ukugcina iziko eliphakathi lesantya esiphakathi kwinqanaba lokushisa okuphezulu (ubushushu obubanjelweyo bulawulwa ngezantsi kwe-1600 ° C).

18. Emva kokufumana isaziso sokuqhubeka kokuphosa intsimbi, iqondo lobushushu linyuka ngokukhawuleza. Izinga lokunyuka kweqondo lobushushu kwiziko eliphakathi lesithombisi kwindawo egcwele ulwelo lomlilo: malunga ne-20 ℃ / min phambi kweefanitshala ezingama-20; malunga ne-30 ℃ / imizuzu ye-20-40 yamaziko; nangaphezulu kwamaziko angama-40 Imalunga ne-40 ° C / min. Kwangelo xesha, qaphela ukuba amaqondo obushushu aphezulu eziko, ngokukhawuleza izinga lokufudumeza.

19. Xa kubethwa iziko lokuqala, kwongezwa i-100 kg ye-slag eyenziweyo kulondolozo lobushushu, kwaye emva kokubethwa kwesibini, i-50 kg ye-arhente yokugquma yongezwa kwiladi yokugcina ubushushu.

20. Emva kokugqitywa kwesithando somlilo esiphakathi, jonga ngononophelo ubume beziko, kwaye akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukugalela amanzi eziko ukuze aphole; ukuba ezinye iinxalenye zethambiso lomlilo lonakele kakhulu, iziko kufuneka lilungiswe ngononophelo ngaphambi kokuba kuvulwe iziko. Ukufuma kwisithando somlilo kufuneka kulindelwe ukondla kungenziwa kuphela emva kokuba wonke umphunga womile. Kuqala yongeza ikomityi yokufunxa ikomityi yentsimbi eziko, uze udibanise enye into eyilahliweyo. Iziko lokuqala emva kokulungiswa kwesithando somlilo kufuneka lilawule ukujika kombane, ukuze ulungelelwaniso lomlilo lube nenkqubo yokuntywila ukuqinisekisa ukulungiswa kwesithando somlilo. Ngenxa yoko, akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukongeza inkunkuma enkulu eziko ngokukhawuleza emva kokulungiswa kwesithando somlilo.

21. Ngexesha lenkqubo yonke yokuvelisa, akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukuveza umphezulu weziko ngaphandle, kwaye irabha yokwambathisa kufuneka itshintshwe ngexesha ukuba yonakele.