Imithethonqubo Yokusebenza Kwensimbi Ephakeme Ephakathi Naphakathi

1. Ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa.

1. Lapho uthatha izintambo, hlola kuqala. Qonda ukusetshenziswa kothango lwesithando somlilo, noma ngabe amathuluzi wokukhiqiza aphelele yini, nokuthi ngabe iphaneli lesithando somlilo liyavezwa yini.

2. Kuzo zonke izisekelo ezimbili zomlilo njengeqembu, lungiselela i-ferrosilicon, i-manganese ephakathi, i-synthetic slag, ne-agent yokulondoloza ukushisa endaweni, bese uyibeka phakathi kwesithando somlilo.

3. Insimbi eyilahlwa kumele ilungiswe futhi nesithando somlilo akufanele sivulwe uma kushoda izinto zokwakha.

4. Imibhede yenjoloba evikela isitofu kufanele ibekwe, futhi kungabikho zikhala okufanele zishiywe.

2. Ukukhiqizwa okujwayelekile

1. Ulwelwesi lwesithando esisha luzobhakwa ngokuhambisana nezidingo zenqubo yokubhaka esithandweni esisha, futhi isikhathi sokubhaka kufanele sibe sikhulu kunamahora ama-2.

2. Okokuqala engeza inkomishi encane yokudonsa esithandweni somlilo ukuvikela ulwelwesi lwesithando somlilo. Akuvunyelwe ukufaka izinto ngobuningi ngqo esithandweni esingenalutho, bese kuthi isisebenzi sangaphambili sesithando somlilo kufanele sengeze izinto ezincane ezisakazeke esithandweni somlilo ngesikhathi, futhi akuvunyelwe nakancane ukuzilahla. Ngaphansi kwesitofu, amashidi ezinsimbi ze-silicon kanye nezibhakela kuvunyelwe kuphela ukusetshenziswa kuhhavini, futhi akuvumelekile ukuthi kusetshenziswe sonke isikhathi.

3. Idiski liphakamisa okokusebenza esitofini lisuka esitokweni, bese induna ihlela insimbi eyilahliwe. Izinto ezihleliwe ezivuthayo neziqhumayo zifakwa ngqo ebhokisini lokuthola elikhethekile futhi zibhaliswe futhi zaqinisekiswa ukuphepha kwesitofu.

4. Ibhokisi lemilayezo engenayo elinokusha futhi eliqhumayo libekwe phakathi kwamasethi amabili ezisekelo zesithando somlilo, futhi akekho ongasisusa ngokuthanda kwakhe.

5. Ukuphakelwa okuphambi kwesithando somlilo ikakhulu ukuphakelwa ngesandla. Ngemuva kokuthi uhlaka lwesitofu luhlelwe kahle, ubude bento bungaphansi kuka-400mm, futhi okokusebenza okukhethwe ngokucophelela ngumphathi wesithando kungangezwa ngenkomishi yokudonsa. Umkhuzi wokushayela mncane esihlalweni ngasinye somlilo. Umphathi wesithando somlilo, uma abanye abantu beyalela inkomishi yokudonsa ukushayela ukuthi ifake, opharetha akavumelekile ukuphakela.

6. Inani lokuncelisa inkomishi kufanele lilawulwe. Ngemuva kokungeza, insimbi eyilahliwe ayivunyelwe ukudlula ingaphezulu lomlomo wesithando somlilo wesilinganiso esiphakathi. Udoti osakazeke emlonyeni wesithando kufanele uhlanzwe ngezinkomishi zokudonsa. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokondla, indawo ezungeze isithando semvamisa esiphakathi nendawo kufanele igcinwe ihlanzekile ukuvikela Ukuwa kwensimbi eyilahliwe kubangela ukuthi ikhoyili lokungeniswa noma ukuhlanganiswa kwentambo kuvuthe.

7. Akuvunyelwe nhlobo ukufaka inqwaba yensimbi eyilahliwe esiteji, futhi inani eliphelele lilawulwa ngaphakathi kwezinkomishi ezintathu zokudonsa ukunciphisa ubunzima bokuhlunga izinto ezilahliwe.

8. Uma kwenzeka ukuqhuma, opharetha kufanele afulathele ngokushesha umlomo wesithando somlilo futhi ashiye indawo ngokushesha.

9. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphakelwa kwangaphambi kokudla, ngezinto zokwakha ezinde, amabhlokhi amakhulu kufanele engezwe aqonde ngqo esithandweni somlilo ukuze ancibilike echibini elincibilikisiwe ngokushesha okukhulu. Akuvunyelwe neze ukujoyina amathayili ukudala ukuvalwa. Uma okutholakala esithandweni somlilo kutholakala ukuthi kuvalwa ibhuloho, ibhuloho kufanele libhujiswe kungakapheli imizuzu emithathu, ukuze impahla yomlilo isheshe incibilike echibini elibunjiwe. Uma ibhuloho lingakwazi ukubhujiswa ngemizuzu emi-3, ibhuloho kufanele lichithwe ngamandla kagesi noma ngokulondolozwa kokushisa ngaphambi kokuba amandla anikezwe iSmelt ngokujwayelekile.

10. Kwensimbi ethile eyisicefe ekhuluphele futhi edinga abantu abangaphezu kwababili ukuthi bangene esithandweni somlilo, akuvunyelwe nakancane ukuyiphonsa esithandweni somlilo, futhi kufanele kwenziwe ngokweqile onqenqemeni lomlilo, bese ludonswa ngokucophelela esithandweni somlilo .

11. Lapho kufakwa isigaxa se-tubular esithandweni somlilo, phezulu kwepayipi kufanele kube sekuqondeni kokuthinta insimbi, hhayi lapho kusebenza khona umuntu.

12. Kwinsimbi ebandayo nasesinqeni esifushane sokuphonsa okuqhubekayo esitsheni se-slag nesigqoko, insimbi encibilikisiwe esithandweni semvamisa esiphakathi kufanele ifakwe esithandweni ngemuva kokufika ku-2/3 noma ngaphezulu, futhi ayivunyelwe ukushaya ulwelwesi lomlilo.

13. Lapho insimbi encibilikisiwe esithandweni semvamisa esiphakathi nendawo ifinyelela ngaphezu kwama-70%, thatha amasampuli ukuze ahlaziywe. Amasampula awazukuba nezinkinga ezifana nezimbobo zokuncipha, futhi akukho migoqo yensimbi ezofakwa kuma-billets esampula. Ngemuva kokutholwa kwemiphumela yokwenziwa kwamakhemikhali kwamasampuli, abasebenzi abalungisa izakhi bazonquma ngokuya ngesimo esiphelele sale mafutha womabili. Inani le-alloy lengeziwe.

14. Uma ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali okuphambi kwesithando somlilo kukhombisa ukuthi ikhabhoni iphezulu, engeza ama-oxide e-iron oxide ukuze unciphise; uma kukhombisa ukuthi ikhabhoni iphansi, engeza izigaxa zensimbi yengulube ukuze uphinde uzisebenzise; uma ukugeleza okujwayelekile kwamathanga amabili kungaphansi noma kulingana no-0.055%, i-raking ikhathele ngesikhathi sokushaya. I-Slag, khulisa inani le-slag yokwenziwa elengezelwe ukungasasebenzi. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa ngokuthepha kufanele lenyuswe ngokufanele. Uma ukugeleza okujwayelekile kwamathanga amabili kungu -0.055%, insimbi encibilikisiwe kufanele iphathwe esithandweni esihlukile, okungukuthi, insimbi encibilikisiwe enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwesibabule kufanele kukhishelwe kuladle. Yifake kwamanye amaziko, bese ufaka izibhakela zensimbi yensimbi yesiliconi kulezi ziko zombili zokuncibilikisa, bese uthepha insimbi. Uma kwenzeka i-phosphorus ephezulu, ingacutshungulwa kuphela ezithandweni ezihlukile.

15. Ngemuva kokuthi yonke insimbi yensimbi esithandweni sesincibilikisiwe, iqembu eliphambi kwesithando lizokwenza ukulahla ukulahla i-slag. Ngemuva kokulahla i-slag, kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukwengeza izigaxa ezimanzi, ezinamafutha, ezidwetshiwe nezishubhu esithandweni somlilo. Izinto ezomile nezicocekile kufanele zisetshenziswe kunqubo yokuncibilikisa. Zilungiselele. Ngemuva kokuthi insimbi encibilikisiwe esithandweni igcwele, hlanza i-slag ngasikhathi sinye. Ngemuva kokuhlanza, engeza ngokushesha ingxubevange ukulungisa ukwakheka. Insimbi ingathathwa ngaphezu kwemizuzu engu-3 ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-alloy. Inhloso ukwenza i-alloy ibe nokwakheka okufanayo esithandweni somlilo.

16.Ukushaya izinga lokushisa: Ukusakaza okuqhubekayo okuphezulu okungu-1650-1690; insimbi encibilikisiwe cishe ngo-1450.

17. Linganisa izinga lokushisa lensimbi encibilikisiwe ngaphambi kwesithando somlilo, bese ulawula ijika lokudlulisa amandla ngokuya ngokushisa kokushaya nesikhathi sokushaya ngokudingwa ngokuqhubekayo. Akuvunyelwe neze ukugcina isithando semvamisa esiphakathi nasesigabeni sokushisa okuphezulu (izinga lokushisa eliphethwe lilawulwa ngaphansi kwe-1600 ° C).

18. Ngemuva kokuthola isaziso sokuqhubeka ngokushaya insimbi, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngokushesha. Izinga lokukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa kwesithando semvamisa esimaphakathi esimweni esigcwele sesithando somlilo: cishe ama-20 ℃ / iminithi ngaphambi kwamahhavini angama-20; cishe ama-30 ℃ / iminithi ngamahhavini angama-20-40; nangaphezulu kwamahhavini angama-40 Kumayelana no-40 ° C / iminithi. Ngasikhathi sinye, qaphela ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphakeme esithandweni somlilo, izinga lokushisa liyashesha.

19. Lapho isithando somlilo sokuqala sishaywa, kufakwa i-100 kg ye-slag yokwenziwa kulondolozi ukuze kugcinwe ukushisa, kuthi ngemuva kokuthakwa kwesithando sesibili, kwengezwe ama-50 kg we-ejenti yokumboza kulondolozi lokugcina ukushisa.

20. Emva kokuba isithando somlilo esiphakathi nendawo sesiphelile, hlola ngokucophelela ulwelwesi lwesithando, futhi akuvunyelwe nakancane ukuthela amanzi esithandweni ukuze aphole; uma ezinye izingxenye zesikhumba sesithando somlilo zonakaliswe kakhulu, isithando somlilo kufanele silungiswe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuba isithando somlilo sikhanyiswe. Umswakama esithandweni somlilo kufanele ulindelwe ukondla kungenziwa kuphela ngemuva kokuhwamuka komile. Okokuqala engeza i-punch yensimbi yensimbi yesilinda esithandweni somlilo, bese ufaka enye insimbi yensimbi. Isithando sokuqala ngemuva kokulungisa isithando somlilo kufanele silawule ijika lokuphakelwa kwamandla, ukuze ulwelwesi lwesithando lube nenqubo yokuhluza ukuqinisekisa ukulungiswa kwesithando somlilo. Ngenxa yalokhu, akuvunyelwe neze ukwengeza izingcezu ezinkulu zemfucuza esithandweni ngokushesha ngemuva kokulungisa isithando somlilo.

21. Phakathi nayo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza, akuvunyelwe neze ukudalula ingaphandle lesithando somlilo ngaphandle, kuthi iraba elifakela insimbi livuselelwe ngesikhathi uma lilimele.