Ungakhetha kanjani uhlaka lwezitini eziphikisayo zezingxenye ezihlukene zesithando somlilo

I-blast furnace manje isiwumshini oyinhloko wokuncibilikisa. Inezici zenhlalakahle yomphakathi elula kanye namandla amakhulu okukhiqiza. Uhlaka lwezitini eziphikisayo ludlala indima engenakucimeka esithandweni somlilo, kodwa ulwelwesi lwesitini esiphikisayo sodonga lwesithando somlilo luthintwa izici eziningi phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza. Iguguleka kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ukwandise impilo yesevisi yesithando somlilo, kuyadingeka ukuthenga izitini zezitini eziphikisayo ngokunengqondo. Indlela yokukhetha izitini zezitini eziphikisayo zengxenye ngayinye yile:

(1) Isithando somlilo. Ikakhulukazi ithwala umthelela kanye nokuhuzuka kwezindleko zomuntu, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa izitini zensimbi noma izitini zensimbi ezipholiswe ngamanzi.

(2) Ingxenye engenhla yesithando somlilo. Le ngxenye yindawo lapho ukusabela kwe-carbon evolution 2CO2-CO + C kuthambekele ukwenzeka, futhi ukuguguleka kwezinsimbi ze-alkali nomhwamuko we-zinc nakho kwenzeka kule ndawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguguleka nokugqoka kwecala eliwayo kanye nokugeleza kwegesi ekhuphukayo Ngakho-ke, izinto eziphikisayo ezinokumelana okuhle kwamakhemikhali nokumelana nokugqoka kufanele kukhethwe. Okufaneleka kakhulu izitini zomhlaba eziphakeme kakhulu, izitini ze-alumina zesigaba sesithathu eziphakeme kakhulu noma izitini zobumba ezifakwe i-phosphoric acid. Izithando zomlilo zanamuhla ezinkulu zisebenzisa izindonga ezincane. Esakhiweni, izingxenye ezi-1 ~ 3 zezigxobo zokupholisa zebhande elihlehlayo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukumiselela ulwelwesi lwesitini.

(3) Izingxenye ezimaphakathi nezingezansi zomzimba wesithando somlilo kanye nokhalo lwesithando somlilo. Indlela eyinhloko yomonakalo ukushaqeka kokushisa okushisayo, ukuguguleka kwegesi lokushisa okuphezulu, imiphumela yezinsimbi ze-alkali, i-zinc ne-carbon evolution, kanye nokuguguleka kwamakhemikhali kwe-slag yokuqala. Ukufakwa kwezitini kufanele kukhethwe ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo kanye nokumelana Ukuguguleka kwe-slag kokuqala kanye nezinto eziphikisayo zokuphikisa. Manje iziqhumiso ezinkulu zomlilo ekhaya naphesheya zikhetha ukusebenza kahle kodwa izitini ezibizayo ze-silicon carbide (i-silicon nitride bonding, i-self bonding, i-Sialon bonding) ukuze kuzuzwe impilo engaphezu kweminyaka eyi-8. Ukuzijwayeza kufakazele ukuthi, Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inhle kangakanani into ephikisayo, izoguguleka, futhi izozinza lapho ifinyelela ekulinganeni (cishe ingxenye yobukhulu bangempela). Lesi sikhathi cishe iminyaka emi-3. Eqinisweni, ukusetshenziswa kwezitini ze-aluminium carbon ezishisiwe ngokusebenza okuhle (intengo ishibhile) Abaningi), lo mgomo ungabuye ufinyelelwe. Ngakho-ke, izitini ze-aluminium-carbon zingasetshenziswa kuma-blast furnaces angu-1000m3 nangaphansi.

(4) Isithando somlilo. Isizathu esiyinhloko somonakalo ukuguguleka kwegesi eshisa kakhulu kanye nokuguguleka kwensimbi ye-slag. Ukugeleza kokushisa kule ngxenye kunamandla kakhulu, futhi noma yiziphi izinto eziphikisayo azikwazi ukumelana nempahla isikhathi eside. Impilo yezinto eziphikisayo kule ngxenye ayinde (izinyanga ezi-1 ~ 2 ezinde, amaviki ama-2 ~ 3 amafushane), ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izinto eziphikisayo ezinokuqina okuphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokuthambisa umthwalo kanye nokuminyana kwevolumu ephezulu, njengezitini eziphakeme ze-alumina, i-aluminium. izitini ze-carbon, njll.

(5) Indawo ye-Hearth tuyere. Le ndawo ukuphela kwendawo esithandweni somlilo lapho ukusabela kwe-oxidation kwenzeka. Ukushisa okuphezulu kungafinyelela ku-1900 ~ 2400 ℃. Ulwelwesi lwesitini lonakaliswa ukucindezeleka okushisayo okubangelwa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, kanye nokuguguleka kwegesi lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokuguguleka kwensimbi ye-slag. Ukuguguleka kwensimbi ye-alkali, ukukhuculwa kwe-coke ejikelezayo, njll. Izithando zomlilo zanamuhla zisebenzisa izitini ezihlanganisiwe ukwakha indawo yosuku lomoya eziko, ezenziwe nge-aluminium ephezulu, i-corundum mullite, i-brown corundum ne-silicon nitride ehlanganiswe ne-silicon carbide, njll., nayo ewusizo I-carbon block ecindezelwe okushisayo.

(6) Ingxenye engezansi yeziko kanye nephansi kweziko. Ezindaweni lapho ulwelwesi lwesithando somlilo ludliwe kakhulu, izinga lokugqwala belilokhu liyisisekelo sokunquma impilo yesizukulwane sokuqala sezithando zomlilo. Ngenxa yokushoda kokupholisa phansi kwesithando somlilo sakuqala, iningi lezinto zobumba zobumba eziphikisayo zazisetshenziswa, ngakho-ke ukucindezeleka okushisayo Imifantu esematsheni, ukungena kwensimbi encibilikisiwe kumthungo kanye nokuntanta kwesitini esingaphansi kwesithando somlilo yizona zizathu eziyinhloko zomonakalo. . Manje isakhiwo esihle esingaphansi kwesithando somlilo (indebe ye-ceramic, ukuluma okunyakazayo, njll.) nokupholisa, kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu ye-brown corundum, izitini ze-corundum ezimpunga kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-micropores e-carbonaceous nezitini ezicindezelwe ezishisayo kwandisa kakhulu impilo yesithando somlilo. phansi. Kodwa-ke, ukungena nokuhlakazwa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe ezitini ze-carbon, ukuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali ensimbi ye-alkali ezitini ze-carbon, kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezitini ze-carbon ngokucindezeleka okushisayo, i-CO2 ne-H2O I-oxidation yezitini ze-carbon kuseyisici esibalulekile esisongela ukuphila. isithando somlilo neziko.