Induction narkewa makera narkar da azurfa da kayanta

Halayen azurfa da kayan kwalliyarta

Azurfa wani ƙarfe ne mai daraja mai narkewar 960.8Y da girman 10.49g/cm3. Baya oxidize a dakin da zafin jiki. Azurfa tsantsa fari ce ta siliki. Yana iya samar da gami da kowane rabo na zinariya ko tagulla. Lokacin da gawa ta ƙunshi gwal ko tagulla gwargwado Yayin da yake ƙaruwa, launi yana juya rawaya. Lokacin da azurfa ke eutectic tare da aluminum da zinc, kuma yana da sauƙin haɗawa. Daga cikin duk karafa, azurfa yana da mafi kyawun aiki.

Lokacin da aka narkar da azurfa a cikin tanderun ƙarfe na gabaɗaya, za ta yi oxidize kuma ta zama mara ƙarfi. Amma a lokacin da akwai splashed karfe (splashed karfe yana nufin low-farashin karafa cewa tare da zama a matsayin ƙazanta a cikin tama, tattara da kuma tsaka-tsakin samfurori na metallurgical shuke-shuke na zinariya, azurfa da tong kungiyar karafa, yafi ciki har da jan karfe, gubar, Zinc). Azurfa oxide yana raguwa da sauri.A ƙarƙashin narkewar al’ada (zazzabi na tanderu 1100-1300 ^), asarar azurfar da aka canza ta kusan 1% ne ko ƙasa da haka, amma lokacin da iskar oxygen ta yi ƙarfi, babu wani abin rufewa akan narkakken azurfa, da cajin. ya ƙunshi ƙarin gubar, zinc, abubuwan tarihi, sarƙoƙi, da sauransu. Lokacin da ƙarfe ya lalace, asarar azurfa za ta ƙaru.

Lokacin da azurfa ta narke a cikin iska, tana iya sha kusan sau 21 nata na iskar oxygen, wanda ke fitowa lokacin da azurfa ta kunsa ta zama wani yanayi mai tafasa, wanda aka fi sani da “ruwan sama na azurfa”, wanda zai haifar da asarar kyawawan beads na azurfa. .

Tsarin simintin azurfa

Mataki na ƙarshe na tsarkakewa da tace azurfa shine narke foda mai tsafta ko farantin azurfa wanda aka tace ta hanyar electrolytic ko hanyoyin sinadarai, sannan a jefa cikin ingots ko pellet waɗanda suka dace da ƙa’idodin ƙasa ko wasu ƙayyadaddun bayanai.

Tanderun narkewar da aka yi amfani da shi don ƙaƙƙarfan simintin zinare da azurfa. Ana iya zaɓar ƙarfin gwargwadon ƙarfin aiki na yau da kullun na zinari da azurfa, yawanci kusan 50 ~ 200kg. Idan akwai buƙatu na musamman, ana iya amfani da tanderun narkewa mafi girma don narkewar induction. Babban mahimman bayanai na aikin fasaha na murhun wuta mai narkewar azurfa sune kamar haka.

AA ƙara daidai adadin juyi da oxidant

Gabaɗaya, ana ƙara gishiri da sodium carbonate ko saltpeter da borax. Adadin juyi da oxidant da aka ƙara ya bambanta da tsabtar ƙarfe. Irin su smelting electrolytic azurfa foda dauke da fiye da 99.88% azurfa, kullum kawai ƙara 0.1% -0.3% sodium carbonate zuwa oxidize impurities da tsarma da slag; yayin da ake narkewar azurfa tare da ƙazanta mafi girma, zaku iya ƙara adadin gishiri mai dacewa da borax don ƙarfafa Oxidize wani ɓangare na ƙazanta don yin slagging da cirewa. A lokaci guda, adadin sodium carbonate ya kamata a ƙara daidai. Adadin oxidant bai kamata ya zama mai yawa ba, in ba haka ba za a yi amfani da crucible mai ƙarfi da lalacewa.

Bayan tsarin narkewa na oxidation da slagging, nauyin azurfa na simintin simintin gyare-gyare ya fi girma fiye da na azurfar albarkatun kasa, don haka ya zama dole don ƙara adadin da ya dace na kariya mai kariya da oxidant.

B Ƙarfafa kariya da deoxidation na azurfa

Lokacin da azurfa ta narke a cikin iska, tana iya narkar da iskar gas mai yawa, wanda ke fitowa lokacin da aka tara shi, wanda ke haifar da matsala ga aikin samar da kuma haifar da asarar karfe.

Lokacin da azurfa ta narke a cikin iska, tana iya narkar da adadin iskar oxygen sau 21. Ana fitar da wannan iskar oxygen lokacin da ƙarfe ya yi sanyi, yana samar da “ruwan sama na azurfa”, yana haifar da asarar azurfa mai kyau. Idan iskar oxygen ya yi latti don fitarwa, lahani irin su ramukan raguwa, pores, da filaye masu rami suna samuwa a cikin ingot na azurfa.

A cikin ainihin aiki, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na zurfafawar azurfa ya karu, ƙarancin oxygen a cikin azurfa yana raguwa. Domin rage wahalar yin simintin, yakamata a ƙara yawan zafin ruwan azurfa kafin yin simintin, kuma a rufe wani yanki na rage rage (kamar gawayi, ash na shuka, da sauransu) a saman ruwan azurfar don cirewa. oxygen. Akwai kuma wani guntun itacen pine da aka ƙara a cikin cajin, wanda galibi ana ƙone shi tare da narkewar azurfa don cire wani ɓangaren oxygen. Haka kuma ana amfani da sandunan katako don tada narkakkar ruwan kafin a jefar don cimma manufar iskar oxygen.

C ƙware yawan zafin jiki

Lokacin da aka jefa ƙarfe na azurfa, haɓakar zafin ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana taimakawa wajen rage yawan iskar gas da ke narkewa, kuma ana zubar da ƙarfe mai zafi a cikin ƙirar, kuma yawan zafin jiki yana jinkirin, wanda ke da amfani ga sakin gas kuma yana ragewa. lahani na ingot. Yawancin zafin jiki na azurfa ya kamata ya zama 1100-1200T; o

D bangon ƙirƙira ya kamata ya yi amfani da fenti, aikin zubawa ya kamata ya zama mai ma’ana

Lokacin da aka jefa ingot ɗin azurfa, yi amfani da ethane ko man fetur (man mai kauri ko dizal) harshen wuta don hayaƙi ɗan ƙaramin hayaƙi daidai da bangon ciki na ƙirar, kuma tasirin amfani yana da kyau.

Bugu da ƙari, ingancin aikin simintin gyaran kafa yana da alaƙa da ingancin ingot. Don yin simintin gyare-gyare na tsaye, ruwan ruwa dole ne ya kasance tsayayye, dole ne magudanar ya kasance a tsakiya, kuma kada a warwatse kayan kuma kada a wanke bangon ciki. Fara ƙwanƙwasa, sannan ƙara ruwa cikin sauri har sai saman ƙarfe ya cika da kusan kashi uku cikin biyar na tsayin ƙura, sannan a hankali sannu a hankali don barin iskar gas ɗin ya cika. Lokacin da ake zubawa ga ƙofar, kula da sake cika magudanar ruwa har sai an ba da bayani a ciki. Don buɗe kayan lebur ɗin da aka buɗe, aikin yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi, idan dai an sanya ƙirar a kan shimfidar kwance, gungura ƙasa ta kasance perpendicular. zuwa dogayen gaɓoɓin gyaggyarawa, kuma narkakkar ƙarfen ana zubawa daidai gwargwado a cikin ƙwanƙwaran ƙirar. Domin kare bangon ciki na ƙirar, dole ne a canza wurin da aka zubar da ƙarfen da aka zubar a lokacin da ake yin simintin gyare-gyaren don hana tsakiyar ƙurar daga lalacewa a cikin rami.