Ukuchithwa kwesithando somlilo Ukunyibilikiswa kwesilivere nomxube wayo

Iimpawu zesilivere kunye neengxube zayo

Isilivere yintsimbi enqabileyo enendawo yokunyibilika ye-960.8Y kunye nobuninzi be-10.49g/cm3. Ayifaki i-oxidize kwiqondo lokushisa. Isilivere esulungekileyo imhlophe ngokwesilivere. Inokwenza i-alloy kunye naluphi na umlinganiselo wegolide okanye ubhedu. Xa i-alloy iqulethe igolide okanye ubhedu bemilinganiselo Njengoko isanda, umbala ujika uphuzi. Xa isilivere i-eutectic kunye ne-aluminiyam kunye ne-zinc, kulula kakhulu kwi-alloy. Phakathi kwazo zonke isinyithi, isilivere ine-conductivity engcono kakhulu.

Xa isilivere inyibilikiswa kwisithando somlilo esinesinyithi ngokubanzi, iya kuba yi-oxidize kwaye iguquke. Kodwa xa kukho intsimbi etshiziweyo (intsimbi etshiziweyo ibhekisa kwisinyithi esinexabiso eliphantsi elihlala kunye kwaye likhona njengokungcola kwintsimbi ekrwada, zigxininise kwaye ziphakathi kweemveliso zentsimbi yegolide, isilivere kunye neqela lesinyithi, ngakumbi kubandakanywa ubhedu, ilothe, i-zinc. I-oxide yesilivere iyancipha ngokukhawuleza Ngaphantsi kokunyibilika okuqhelekileyo (iqondo lokushisa lesithando 1100-1300 ^), ilahleko ye-volatilization yesilivere imalunga ne-1% okanye ngaphantsi, kodwa xa i-oxidation inamandla, akukho arhente yokugubungela kwisilivere etyhidiweyo, kunye nentlawulo. iqulethe i-lead eninzi, i-zinc, izikhumbuzo, amakhamandela, njl. Xa isinyithi siguquguqukayo, ilahleko yesilivere iya kwanda.

Xa isilivere inyibilika emoyeni, inokufunxa malunga namashumi amabini ananye kumthamo wayo weoksijini, ethi ikhutshwe xa isilivere ijiya ibe yindawo ebilayo, eyaziwa ngokuba “yimvula yesilivere”, nto leyo eya kubangela ukuchaphazeka kwamaso esilivere. .

Inkqubo yokuphosa isilivere

Inyathelo lokugqibela lokuhlanjululwa kwesilivere kunye nokucocwa kukunyibilikisa i-powder yesilivere ecocekileyo okanye ipleyiti yesilivere ehlanjululwe ngeendlela ze-electrolytic okanye iikhemikhali, kwaye emva koko iphonswe kwiingots okanye iipellet ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yelizwe okanye ezinye iinkcukacha.

Iziko lokunyibilikisa lokungeniswa lisetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto ezintle zegolide nesilivere. Umthamo unokukhethwa ngokomthamo wokusetyenzwa kwegolide kunye nesilivere, ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-50 ~ 200kg. Ukuba kukho iimfuno ezikhethekileyo, i-furnace enkulu yokunyibilikisa i-induction ingasetyenziselwa ukunyibilika kwe-induction. Amanqaku aphambili okusebenza kobugcisa besilivere yokunyibilikisa isithando somlilo zezi zilandelayo.

Yongeza inani elifanelekileyo lokuguquguquka kunye ne-oxidant

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-saltpeter kunye ne-sodium carbonate okanye i-saltpeter kunye ne-borax zongezwa. Ubungakanani be-flux kunye ne-oxidant eyongeziweyo iyahluka ngokucoceka kwesinyithi. Okufana nokunyibilikisa umgubo wesilivere we-electrolytic oqukethe ngaphezu kwe-99.88% yesilivere, ngokubanzi yongeza kuphela i-0.1% -0.3% ye-sodium carbonate ukuze i-oxidize ukungcola kunye nokunciphisa i-slag; ngelixa unyibilikisa isilivere ngokungcola okuphezulu, unokongeza inani elifanelekileyo le-saltpeter kunye ne-borax ukomeleza i-Oxidize inxalenye yobumdaka ukwenza i-slagging kunye nokususa. Ngexesha elifanayo, inani le-sodium carbonate kufuneka linyuswe ngokufanelekileyo. Ubungakanani be-oxidant akufanele bube buninzi, ngaphandle koko i-crucible iya kuba ne-oxidized enamandla kwaye yonakaliswe.

Emva kwenkqubo ye-smelting ye-oxidation kunye ne-slagging, ibakala lesilivere le-ingot ephosiweyo liphezulu kunelo lesilivere ekrwada, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukongeza inani elifanelekileyo lokukhusela kunye ne-oxidant.

B Yomeleza ukhuseleko kunye ne-deoxidation yesilivere

Xa isilivere inyibilika emoyeni, inokunyibilika isixa esikhulu segesi, esikhutshwa xa sixutywa, nto leyo izisa ubunzima bomsebenzi wokuvelisa kwaye ibangele ukulahleka kwesinyithi.

Xa isilivere inyibilika emoyeni, inokunyibilika ngokuphindwe kangangama-21 kumthamo weoksijini. Le oksijini ikhutshwa xa isinyithi sibanda, senza “imvula yesilivere”, ebangela ukulahleka kwe-splash yesilivere. Ukuba ioksijini ishiywe kade ukuba ingakhululwa, iziphene ezinje ngemingxuma ecuthekayo, iipores, kunye neendawo ezinemingxuma zenziwe kwiingot yesilivere.

Kumsebenzi wokwenyani, xa ubushushu besilivere etyhidiweyo bunyuka, ukunyibilika kweoksijini kwisilivere kuncipha. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ubunzima bokuphosa, iqondo lokushisa lolwelo lwesilivere kufuneka linyuswe ngaphambi kokuphosa, kwaye umaleko we-arhente yokunciphisa (njengamalahle, umlotha wesityalo, njl. ioksijini. Kukwakho neqhekeza leplanga lepine elongeziweyo kwintlawulo, elitshiswa ikakhulu ngokunyibilika kwesilivere ukususa inxalenye yeoksijini. Kukwakho ukusetyenziswa kweentonga zokhuni ukunyakazisa ulwelo olunyibilikisiweyo phambi kokuba uphoswe ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo ye-deoxygenation.

C master ubushushu bokugalela

Xa intsimbi yesilivere iphoswe, ukunyuka kobushushu bentsimbi kunceda ukunciphisa ubungakanani begesi echithwe, kwaye isinyithi esishushu sigalelwe kwisikhunta, kwaye isantya sokunciphisa sicotha, esiluncedo ekukhululweni kwegesi kwaye sinciphisa iziphene kwi-ingot. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukushisa kwesilivere kufuneka kube yi-1100-1200T; o

D eludongeni lokungunda kufuneka lusebenzise ipeyinti, umsebenzi wokugalela kufuneka ube nengqiqo

Xa i-ingot yesilivere iphoswe, sebenzisa i-ethane okanye i-petroleum (ioli enzima okanye i-diesel) ilangatye ukutshaya umsi omncinci womsi ngokulinganayo kudonga lwangaphakathi lokungunda, kwaye umphumo wokusetyenziswa ulungile.

Ukongeza, umgangatho womsebenzi wokuphosa unento eninzi yokwenza nomgangatho we-ingot. Ukuphosa i-mold casting, ukuhamba kwamanzi kufuneka kuzinzile, ukuhamba kufuneka kube phakathi, kwaye izinto eziphathekayo akufanele zihlakazeke kwaye udonga lwangaphakathi akufanele luhlanjwe. Qala i-trickle, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukwandisa ukuhamba kwamanzi de umphezulu wesinyithi uzaliswe malunga nesithathu-esihlanu sobude bomngundo, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ucothe ukuvumela ukuba irhasi ikhutshwe ngokupheleleyo. Xa ugalela isango, nikela ingqalelo ekuzaliseni ukugeleza kude kube isisombululo asimpontshwanga. Kwi-mold evulekileyo edibeneyo yeflethi, umsebenzi ulula, nje ukuba i-mold ibekwe kwindawo ethe tye, umqulu womhlaba u-perpendicular. ukuya kwi-axis ende yokubumba, kwaye isinyithi esityhidiweyo sigalelwe ngokulinganayo kumbindi wokubumba. Ukuze ukhusele udonga lwangaphakathi lokubumba, indawo apho isinyithi esityhidiweyo sigalelwe kufuneka sitshintshwe rhoqo ngexesha lokuphosa ukukhusela umbindi wokubumba ukuba ungabikho emhadini.