Menene buƙatun don ƙarfe a cikin ƙona wutar makera?

Karfe don kashewa a ciki shigowa dumama tanderu gabaɗaya yana da buƙatun masu zuwa:

1) Abun carbon na ƙarfe yana ƙaddara ta yanayin aikin sassan, kuma w (C) na iya zama 0.15% zuwa 1.2%, wanda shine mafi mahimmancin buƙata.

2) Karfe yakamata ya kasance yana da yanayin hatsin austenite ba mai sauƙin girma ba, kuma yakamata a zaɓi baƙin ƙarfe mai ƙyalli.

3) Karfe yakamata ya kasance yana da tsari mai kyau da warwatse. Abubuwan da ke sama, 2) da 3) yanayi biyu suna ba da damar ƙarfe don samun hatsin austenite mai kyau da zafin zafin ci gaban hatsi yayin dumama. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman a lokacin dumama shigarwa, saboda dumamar shigarwar ta fi ƙarfin zafin dumama a cikin tanderun. , Ya fi wahalar sarrafa madaidaicin ƙayyadaddun zafin jiki. A halin yanzu, janar shigowa dumama tanderu ragewa karfe, ana sarrafa girman hatsi a 5 zuwa 8.

Induction dumama murhun murhu yana da buƙatun don maganin zafin zafin ƙarfe na farko. Lokacin da zafin zafi na farko ya ƙare kuma ya ɓaci don kayan ƙarfe iri ɗaya, tunda sorbite tsari ne mai kyau, canjin austenite shine mafi sauri, kuma zafin zafin da ake buƙata shine mafi ƙanƙanta, wanda ke haifar da taurin da aka samu Mafi girma, mafi zurfin zurfi za a iya samun Layer mai tauri. Lokacin da zafin zafi na farko yana daidaitawa, canjin pearlite flake mai kyau zuwa austenite yana buƙatar zafin jiki mafi girma; lokacin da tsarin asali ya kasance pearlite flake pearlite da babban ferrite (hypoeutectoid steel annealing state), to Ana buƙatar zafin zafin zafi mafi girma. Duk da haka, saboda ɗan gajeren lokacin dumama, har yanzu za a sami ferrite wanda ba a warware shi ba a cikin tsarin da aka kashe. Lokacin kashewa a cikin tanderun wutar lantarki, ƙarfin ƙarfe har yanzu yana taka rawa. Hakanan, lokacin da murfin dumama ya yi zurfi, mafi kyawun tsari, mafi munin ƙarfi, da abubuwan haɗawa da ke cikin ƙarfe, kamar Mn (manganese), Cr (chromium), Ni (nickel), Mo (molybdenum), da dai sauransu suna da wani tasiri a kan taurin ƙarfe.

4) Zaɓin abun cikin carbon. Ga wasu muhimman sassa kamar crankshafts, camshafts, da dai sauransu, lokacin zaɓar maki na ƙarfe, ƙarin abubuwan buƙatun don abubuwan da aka zaɓa na carbon galibi ana gabatar da su. 0.08% (kamar 0.42% zuwa 0.50%) an rage zuwa 0.05% (kamar 0.42% zuwa 0.47%), wanda zai iya rage tasirin canjin abun cikin carbon akan fasa ko canje -canjen zurfin Layer. Marubucin ya bincika ƙarfe 45 daga maɓuɓɓuka daban -daban don kashewa a cikin murfin murɗaɗɗen wuyan wuyan hannu, kuma ya gano cewa a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun tsari, zurfin Layer ya bambanta sosai. Dalilin yana da alaƙa da Mn na kayan da abun ciki na Cr da Ni a cikin ƙazanta. . Bugu da ƙari, a cikin abubuwan ƙazanta na baƙin ƙarfe, abubuwan da ke cikin Cr da Ni galibi sun fi na ƙarfe na cikin gida. Sabili da haka, sakamakon kashewa sau da yawa ya bambanta. Dole ne a kula da wannan batu.

5) Buƙatun zurfin decarburization na baƙin ƙarfe da aka zana. Lokacin da ake amfani da ƙarfe mai sanyi don kashewa a cikin wani shigowa dumama tanderu, akwai buƙatun don jimlar zurfin lalata decarburization akan farfajiya. Gabaɗaya, jimlar zurfin lalata kowane gefe yakamata ya zama ƙasa da 1% na diamita na mashaya ko kaurin farantin karfe. Ƙarfin murfin iskar carbon ɗin yana da ƙanƙanta bayan an kashe shi, don haka dole ne a zana ƙarfe mai sanyin sanyi don cire ɗanyen murfin carbon ɗin kafin a bincika ƙarfin taurin.